Commentary for Shabbat 16:15

אמר מר ובלבד שלא יטול מבעל הבית ונותן לעני מעני ונותן לבעל הבית ואם נטל ונתן שלשתן פטורין לימא תיהוי תיובתא דרבא דאמר רבא המעביר חפץ מתחילת ד' לסוף ד' ברשות הרבים אע"פ שהעבירו

but in winter I would say [that it is] not [so]. And if we were informed this of winter, [it might be id the reason] is because becoming mud-stained<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Through travelling. ');">¹⁵</span> it may happen that he goes down [into the water]; but in summer [I would say that it is] not [so]; thus both are necessary. But why mention traversing, twice? Hence. it must surely follow that a passage under difficulties<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As when the public road traverses a pool. ');">¹⁶</span> is regarded as a [public] passage, whereas use under difficulties is not regarded as [public] use.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is deduced from the emphasis on 'traversing'. ');">¹⁷</span> This proves it. Rab Judah said: In the case of a bundle of canes: if one repeatedly throws it down and raises it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Thus moving it: yet he does not actually lift it entirely from the ground at any moment. ');">¹⁸</span> he is not liable unless he lifts it up.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'removes it' completely from the ground. ');">¹⁹</span> The Master said: 'A man standing on a threshold may take [an object] from or give [it] to the master of the house, and may take an object] from or give [it] to the poor man.' What is this threshold? Shall we say, a threshold of a public road?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi: e.g., one leading to an alley. ');">²⁰</span> [How state that] he 'may take [an object] from the master of the house'? Surely he [thereby] carries [it] from private to public ground! Again, if it is a threshold of a private domain-[how state that] 'he may take [an object] from the poor man'? Surely he [thereby] carries [it] from public to private ground? Or again if it is a threshold of a <i>karmelith</i>,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Being four handbreadths square but less than ten high, so that it does not rank as private ground. ');">²¹</span> — [how state that] 'he may take or give' [implying] even at the very outset? But after all, the prohibition does exist.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of carrying between a karmelith and public or private ground, though its infringement is not punishable. ');">²²</span> Rather it must mean a threshold which is merely a place of non-liability, e.g., if it is not four [handbreadths] square. And [it is] even as what R. Dimi, when he came,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 12, n. 9. ');">²³</span> said in the name of R. Johanan: A place which is less than four square, the denizens both of public and private ground may rearrange their burdens upon it, provided that they do not exchange.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Using it as a means of transport between public and private ground. ');">²⁴</span> The Master said: 'Providing that he does not take from the. master of the house and give to the poor man or the reverse, and if he does take and give [from one to the other], the three are exempt.' Shall we say that this refutes Raba? For Raba said: if one carries an object full four cubits<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'from the beginning of four to the end of four.' ');">²⁵</span> in the street, even if he carries it

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