Commentary for Shabbat 291:12

אמר רבה דבר תורה כל פתח שאינו עשוי להכניס ולהוציא אינו פתח ורבנן הוא דגזור משום לול של תרנגולין דעביד לעיולי אוירא ולאפוקי הבלא ואם בא להוסיף מוסיף אוסופי ודאי בלול של תרנגולים לא אתי לאוסופי

but all agree that it is forbidden at the side,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As an opening is sometimes made there in preference to withdrawing the stopper from the top, lest dust etc., fall in. 'Side' and 'top' both refer to the bung or lid, viz., the side of the bung and the top of the bung, hut not to the sides of the cask itself. ');">²⁰</span> and thus he teaches, ONE MUST NOT PIERCE IT AT THE SIDE THEREOF. But R. Hisda maintained: The controversy is in [respect of a hole] at the side, but all agree that it is permitted on the top, and as to what he teaches, ONE MUST NOT PIERCE IT AT THE SIDE THEREOF, there it refers to the cask itself.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Not the bung. ');">²¹</span> Our Rabbis taught: One may not pierce a new hole<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In a vessel. ');">²²</span> on the Sabbath, but if one comes to add,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., enlarge an existing hole. ');">²³</span> he may add; but some say, One may not add. But they all agree that one may pierce an old hole<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which became stopped up. ');">²⁴</span> at the very outset. Now as to the first Tanna, wherein does it differ from [boring] a new hole, which may not [be done]? [Presumably] because an opening is [thereby] effected! Then in adding too an opening is improved (effected]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H] may mean both effected and improved. — By enlarging the hole he completes its work. ');">²⁵</span> — Said Rabbah: By the words of the Torah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By Pentateuchal law. ');">²⁶</span> every opening which is not made for putting in and taking out is not an opening, and it was the Rabbis who forbade it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the hole under discussion, as the wine is not poured into the barrel through it. ');">²⁷</span> on account of [the ventilation of] a hen-coop, which is made to permit the fresh air to enter and the fumes to pass out.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 102b. ');">²⁸</span> Hence 'if one comes to add, he may add': [for] in a hen-coop one will certainly not come to add,

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