Halakhah for Bava Metzia 192:19
ואי ליכא סהדי מאי ת"ש דההוא גברא דשאיל נרגא מחבריה ואיתבר אתא לקמיה דרב א"ל זיל שלים ליה נרגא מעליא
A man once borrowed an axe from his neighbour, and it broke. When he came before Raba, he said to him, 'Go and bring witnesses that you did not put it to foreign use, and you are free from liability.' But what if there are no witnesses? — Come and hear: For a man once borrowed an axe from his neighbour, and it broke. When he came before Rab, he said to him, 'Go and return him a good axe.' Said R. Kahana and R. Assi to Rab:
Care of the Critically Ill
Doctors should not offer drugs or treatment unless they are convinced that these may help the patient. Sometimes, however, even if there is no real medical advantage to be gained, there may very well be a psychological advantage in that the patient does not feel neglected as long as some treatment is instituted. This placebo effect is often of great value to the patient. In deciding that there is no treatment of value to the patient, it is important that as many physicians as possible should be consulted, even those whose prestige is less than that of the physician in charge of the patient. Occasionally, a young physician may come up with an idea that an older physician has not considered. Even in Torah study, we have the warning: "Error can sometimes be caused by sharpness of mind." With reference to physicians this is even more true, because it is often very difficult to determine which of them is more brilliant, more expert.
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