Quoting%20commentary for Bava Kamma 99:6

ור"ע הנהו מיצרך צריכי דאי כתב רחמנא כי יפתח הוה אמינא פותח הוא דסגי ליה בכסוי כורה לא סגי ליה בכסוי עד דטאים ליה

the rules concerning damage [caused by Pit]. An objection was raised [from the following]: If a man digs a pit in public ground and opens it to private property there is no liability, in spite of the fact that he has no right to do so as hollows must not be made underneath a public thoroughfare. But if he digs pits, ditches or caves in private premises and opens them on to a public place, there would be liability. If, again, a man digs pits in private ground abutting on a public thoroughfare, such as e.g., workmen digging foundations, there would be no liability. R. Jose b. Judah, however, says there is liability unless he makes a partition of ten handbreaths in height or unless he keeps the pit away from the place where men pass as well as from the place where animals pass at a distance of at least four handbreadths.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashal reads 'cubits'. ');">¹¹</span>

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