Reference for Bava Metzia 209:16
תנו רבנן
SAID R. JUDAH: WHAT STANDARD IS A STACK?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Surely the same limit cannot apply to all fields, irrespective of size! ');"><sup>15</sup></span> BUT [THE STANDARD IS] IF THERE IS ENOUGH FOR RESOWING.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., if the yield is at least sufficient to resow the field the following year. ');"><sup>16</sup></span> <b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. Our Rabbis taught: If a man leases a field from his neighbour, and it does not yield [a satisfactory crop], and there is enough to make a stack, he [the tenant] is bound to go on working therein, because he writes him thus:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the tenancy agreement. ');"><sup>17</sup></span> 'I will stand, plough, sow, cut, bind, thresh, winnow, and set up a stack before you, and you will come and receive half; whilst I will receive half in return for my labour and expenses.' And how much is meant by, 'enough to make a stack'? — R. Jose son of R. Hanina said: Sufficient for the winnowing fan to stand therein.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If put into the pile, it will stand upright. ');"><sup>18</sup></span> The scholars propounded: What if the winnowing fan protrudes from both sides?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whilst the stack is sufficient to maintain it upright, the whole breadth of the fan is not covered in, but protrudes from both sides of the pile. Does the law of the Mishnah and Baraitha apply in this case or not? ');"><sup>19</sup></span> — Come and hear: R. Abbahu said: I received an explanation thereof from R. Jose son of R. Hanina: Providing that the receiver does not see the sun.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The receiver is the lower part of the shovel which receives the grain; this must be entirely covered in by the pile, i.e., 'not see the sun,' and the sides of the shovel are part of the receiver. ');"><sup>20</sup></span> It has been stated: Levi said: Three se'ahs; the School of R. Jannai said: Two; Resh Lakish said: The two se'ahs mentioned are exclusive of expenses.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This quantity must be left clear, in order for the tenant to be bound to go on cultivating the field. ');"><sup>21</sup></span> We learnt elsewhere: Wild olives and grapes — Beth Shammai declare them unclean; Beth Hillel, Clean.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Beth Shammai regard them as fit to be eaten, hence they are subject to the uncleanness of food; Beth Hillel maintain that they are not fit, and therefore exempt from that law. ');"><sup>22</sup></span> What is meant by 'wild [perize] olives?' — Said R. Huna: Wicked olives [i.e., which yield very little oil]. R. Joseph said: And what verse [warrants this interpretation]? — <i>Also the robbers</i> [perize] <i>of thy people shall exalt themselves to establish the vision; but they shall fail</i>.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Dan. XI, 14. ');"><sup>23</sup></span> R. Nahman b. Isaac said: It is from this verse: <i>If he beget a son that is a robber</i> [pariz] <i>a shedder of blood</i>.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ezek. XVIII, 10. ');"><sup>24</sup></span> And what is the standard of wild olives?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' How little oil must they produce to be put in this category? ');"><sup>25</sup></span> — R. Eleazar said: Four <i>kabs</i> per loading.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H], the beam of the olive press. If when that is fully laden with olives there is not more than four kabs yield, they are designated 'wild olives.' ');"><sup>26</sup></span> The School of R. Janna said: Two se'ahs. But there is no dispute: the former treats of a place when one <i>kor</i> is put into the press at a time; the latter, where three <i>kors</i> are put into the press.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The presses varied in size, which explains the varying definitions. One se'ah = 6 kabs, hence 2 se'ahs = 3 times 4 kabs. ');"><sup>27</sup></span> Our Rabbis taught: