Talmud Bavli
Talmud Bavli

Arakhin 58

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1

מתני׳ <big><strong>המוכר</strong></big> את שדהו בשעת היובל אינו מותר לגאול פחות משתי שנים שנאמר

<big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>IF ONE SOLD HIS FIELD [OF POSSESSION] AT THE TIME WHEN THE LAW OF THE JUBILEE WAS IN FORCE, HE MAY NOT REDEEM IT UNTIL AFTER [A TIME OF LESS THAN] TWO YEARS, AS IT IS WRITTEN: ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER OF THE YEARS OF THE CROPS HE SHALL SELL UNTO THEE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXV, 15.');"><sup>1</sup></span>

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2

(ויקרא כה, טו) במספר שני תבואות ימכר לך

IF [AMONG THE TWO] THERE WAS A YEAR OF BLIGHT OR MILDEW, OR A SEVENTH YEAR, IT IS NOT INCLUDED IN THE RECKONING.

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3

היתה שנת שדפון וירקון או שנת שביעית אינו עולה מן המנין

IF HE ONLY BROKE THE GROUND [WITHOUT PLANTING] OR LEFT IT FALLOW [FOR A YEAR], THAT YEAR IS INCLUDED IN THE RECKONING.

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4

נרה או הובירה עולה לו מן המנין

R'ELEAZAR SAYS: IF HE SOLD IT TO HIM BEFORE THE NEW YEAR, WHILST IT WAS STILL FULL OF FRUIT, HE ENJOYS THREE CROPS IN TWO YEARS.

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5

רבי אליעזר אומר

<big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>IF ONE SOLD HIS FIELD AT THE TIME WHEN THE LAW OF THE JUBILEE WAS IN FORCE, etc. It does not state: He cannot redeem,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., against the wish of the buyer.');"><sup>2</sup></span>

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6

מכרה לו לפני ראש השנה והיא מליאה פירות הרי זה אוכל ממנה שלש תבואות בשתי שנים:

but 'he may not redeem'; this shows that it is even prohibited.

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7

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> המוכר שדהו בשעת היובל וכו'

so that it is forbidden even to clapper zuz to him [to rouse his love of money].

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8

אינו גואל לא קתני אלא

And it is not necessary [to state] that the seller [in redeeming it] acts against a positive command, as it is written: 'According to the number of the years of the crops he shall sell unto thee',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXV, 15.');"><sup>1</sup></span>

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9

אינו מותר לגאול אלמא קסבר

but even the purchaser transgresses a positive commandment, as we require: [According to the number of] the years thou shalt buy,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXV, 15.');"><sup>1</sup></span>

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10

איסורא נמי איכא דאפילו קרקושי זוזי נמי אסור

which was not done here.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He did not fulfil the obligation to buy them for a minimum period of two years. thus disregarding the positive commandment to that effect.');"><sup>3</sup></span>

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11

ולא מיבעיא מוכר דקאי בעשה דכתיב

It was stated: If one sells his field in the year of Jubilee itself, Rab said, It is sold but goes out [immediately].

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12

(ויקרא כה, טו) במספר שני תבואות ימכר לך אלא אפילו לוקח נמי קאי בעשה דבעינן {ויקרא כה } שנים תקנה וליכא

whilst Samuel said, It is not sold at all.

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13

איתמר

What is the reason of Samuel's view?

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14

המוכר שדהו בשנת היובל עצמה רב אמר

It is an argument a minori.

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15

מכורה ויוצאה ושמואל אמר

If [a field] that was already sold goes out [in the Jubilee] it is not logical that one which not sold yet cannot be sold [now]! - But according to Rab, do we not argue a minori in such a case?

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16

אינה מכורה כל עיקר

Was it not taught: One might have assumed that a man can sell his daughter when she is a na'arah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');"><sup>4</sup></span>

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17

מאי טעמא דשמואל

lass, therefore one argues a minori: If she who was sold already goes out [free],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Kid. 4a.');"><sup>5</sup></span>

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18

קל וחומר

is it not logical that if not sold yet, sh cannot be sold now? - There she cannot be sold again, but here it [the field] can be sold again.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' After the daughter has once been sold for servitude, she cannot be sold for servitude again, but the field could be sold after the year of Jubilee.');"><sup>6</sup></span>

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19

ומה מכורה כבר יוצאה שאינה מכורה אינו דין שלא תימכר

An objection was raised: Years after the Jubilee thou shalt buy,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXV, 15.');"><sup>7</sup></span>

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20

ולרב לא אמרינן קל וחומר כי ה"ג

that teaches that one may sell immediately after the year of the Jubilee.

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21

והתניא

Whence [do we know] that one may sell [at a period] removed from the year of Jubilee?

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22

יכול ימכור אדם את בתו כשהיא נערה

Therefore it is said: According to the multitude of the years.

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23

אמרת קל וחומר

and according to t fewness of the years.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXV, 16.');"><sup>8</sup></span>

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24

ומה מכורה כבר יוצאה עכשיו שאינה מכורה אינו דין שלא תימכר

In the year of Jubilee itself one may not sell, and if he has sold [a field], it is not [validly] sold!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Contra Rab.');"><sup>9</sup></span>

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25

התם לא הדרא מיזדבנא הכא הדרא מיזדבנא

Rab will answer you: [It means,] It is not sold 'according unto the number of the years of the crops', but it is sold and goes out [immediately].

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26

מיתיבי

But if it is legally sold, let it remain in his possession un after the year of the Jubilee, and after the Jubilee let him enjoy the [two] years of the crops, and thereupon return it; for was it not taught: If he enjoyed it one year before the Jubilee, one lets him complete [the two years by] one year after the Jubilee? - There he has started<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'he descended (into the field) '.');"><sup>10</sup></span>

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27

אחר היובל שנים תקנה מלמד שמוכרין סמוך ליובל

enjoying it, but here he has not started to enjoy it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Having started before the Jubilee, lawfully.');"><sup>11</sup></span>

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28

מופלג מן היובל מנין

R''Anan said: I heard from Mar Samuel two things; one in relation to this point, and the other in relation to the statement: If one sells his slave to an idolater or outside the Land [of Israel], he goes out free.

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29

ת"ל

In on case [he said] the purchase money is returned,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To the purchaser.');"><sup>12</sup></span>

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30

(ויקרא כה, טז) לפי רוב השנים ולפי מעוט השנים

and in the other it is not returned, and I do not know which is which.

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31

ובשנת היובל עצמה לא ימכור ואם מכר אינה מכורה

Said R'Joseph: Let us see.

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32

אמר לך רב

It was taught in a Baraitha: If one sells his slave outside the Land [of Israel], he goes out free, and he requires a document of manumission from his second master.

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33

אינה מכורה למספר שני תבואות אבל מכורה היא ויוצאה

Now since he refers to the second as his master, it is evident that the purchase money is not returned, and it is therefore here that Samuel said it is not sold and the purchase money is returned.

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34

ואי איזדבוני מיזבנה תיקום ברשותיה עד בתר יובל ובתר יובל ניכליה שני תבואות וניהדרה

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35

מי לא תניא

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36

אכלה שנה אחת לפני היובל משלימין לו שנה אחרת אחר היובל

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37

התם נחית לאכילה הכא לא נחית לאכילה

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38

אמר רב ענן

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39

שמעית מיניה דמר שמואל תרתי חדא הך ואידך

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40

המוכר עבדו לעובד כוכבים או בחוצה לארץ יצא לחירות חדא הדרי זביני וחדא לא הדרי זביני ולא ידענא הי מיניה

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41

אמר רב יוסף

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42

ניחזי אנן מדתניא בברייתא

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43

המוכר עבדו בחו"ל יצא לחירות וצריך גט שיחרור מרבו שני ש"מ

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44

מדקרי ליה לשני רבו אלמא לא הדרי זביני

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45

וכי קאמר שמואל הכא אינה מכורה ומעות חוזרין

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