Bava Batra 149

קניגיא עם לויתן שנאמר (איוב מ, כה) התמשוך לויתן בחכה ובחבל תשקיע לשונו ואלמלא הקב"ה עוזרו אין יכול לו שנאמר (איוב מ, יט) העושו יגש חרבו

a chase<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H], [G], 'hunt', 'chase'. ');">¹</span> of Leviathan; for it is said: Canst thou draw out Leviathan with a fish hook? Or press down his tongue with a cord?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Job XL, 25. ');">²</span>

כי אתא רב דימי אמר רבי יוחנן בשעה שלויתן רעב מוציא הבל מפיו ומרתיח כל מימות שבמצולה שנאמר (איוב מא, כג) ירתיח כסיר מצולה ואלמלא מכניס ראשו לגן עדן אין כל בריה יכולה לעמוד בריחו שנאמר (איוב מא, כג) ים ישים כמרקחה

And if the Holy One, blessed be He, will not help him, he will be unable to prevail over him; for it is said: <i>He only that made him can make His sword to approach unto him</i>.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. v. 19. The text speaking of Behemoth is also applicable to Leviathan. ');">³</span> When R. Dimi came he said in the name of R. Johanan: When Leviathan is hungry he emits [fiery] breath from his mouth and causes all the waters of the deep to boil; for it is said: He maketh the deep to boil like a pot.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Job XLI, 23. ');">⁴</span>

ובשעה שצמא עושה תלמים תלמים בים שנאמר (איוב מא, כד) אחריו יאיר נתיב אמר רב אחא בר יעקב אין תהום חוזר לאיתנו עד שבעים שנה שנאמר (איוב מא, כד) יחשוב תהום לשיבה ואין שיבה פחותה משבעים

And if he were not to put his head into the Garden of Eden, no creature could stand his [foul] odour;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That of the foul breath. ');">⁵</span> for it is said: He maketh the sea like a spiced<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The sweet odours of the Garden of Eden perfume the sea. ');">⁶</span>

אמר רבה א"ר יוחנן עתיד הקב"ה לעשות סעודה לצדיקים מבשרו של לויתן שנאמר (איוב מ, ל) יכרו עליו חברים ואין כרה אלא סעודה שנאמר (מלכים ב ו, כג) ויכרה להם כרה גדולה ויאכלו וישתו ואין חברים אלא תלמידי חכמים שנאמר (שיר השירים ח, יג) היושבת בגנים חברים מקשיבים לקולך השמיעני

broth.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 'Spiced broth', [H], Cf. Ex. XXX, 25, [H] 'perfume compounded'. ');">⁷</span> When he is thirsty he makes numerous furrows in the sea; for it is said: He maketh a path to shine after him.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Job XLI, 24. ');">⁸</span>

והשאר מחלקין אותו ועושין בו סחורה בשוקי ירושלים שנאמר (איוב מ, ל) יחצוהו בין כנענים ואין כנענים אלא תגרים שנאמר (הושע יב, ח) כנען בידו מאזני מרמה לעשק אהב ואי בעית אימא מהכא (ישעיהו כג, ח) אשר סוחריה שרים כנעניה נכבדי ארץ

R. Aha b. Jacob said; The deep does not return to its strength until [after] seventy years; for it is said: One thinks the deep to be hoary,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. ');">⁹</span> and hoary age is not [attained at] less than seventy [years].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Aboth V. 24. ');">¹⁰</span>

ואמר רבה א"ר יוחנן עתיד הקב"ה לעשות סוכה לצדיקים מעורו של לויתן שנאמר (איוב מ, לא) התמלא בשכות עורו זכה עושין לו סוכה לא זכה עושין לו צלצל שנאמר (איוב מ, לא) ובצלצל דגים ראשו

Rabbah said in the name of R. Johanan: The Holy One, blessed be He, will in time to come make a banquet for the righteous from the flesh of Leviathan; for it is said: Companions will make a banquet of it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Job XL, 30. ');">¹¹</span> Kerah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H] denominative of [H] root of [H] the word used in the verse quoted. ');">¹²</span>

זכה עושין לו צלצל לא זכה עושין לו ענק שנאמר (משלי א, ט) וענקים לגרגרותיך זכה עושין לו ענק לא זכה עושין לו קמיע שנאמר (איוב מ, כט) ותקשרנו לנערותיך

must mean a banquet; for it is said: And he prepared for them a great banquet<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H] ');">¹³</span> and they ate and drank.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' II Kings VI, 23. ');">¹⁴</span>

והשאר פורסו הקב"ה על חומות ירושלים וזיוו מבהיק מסוף העולם ועד סופו שנאמר (ישעיהו ס, ג) והלכו גוים לאורך ומלכים לנוגה זרחך:

Companions must mean scholars,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Heb. Talmide Hakamim, [H] lit.. 'disciples of the wise men', applied to scholars, distinguished students. Here taken to be synonymous with the righteous men mentioned previously. ');">¹⁵</span> for it is said: Thou that dwellest in the gardens, the companions hearken for thy voice; cause me to hear it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cant. VIII, 13. The 'companions' are the Talmide Hakamim. The entire Song of Songs is regarded in Talmudic literature as an allegorical poem on God, Israel and the Torah. The gardens are the Colleges. the companions are the scholars. 'Haberim' [H] companions in Cant. is taken to be equal [H] Habbarim in Job. ');">¹⁶</span>

(ישעיהו נד, יב) ושמתי כדכד שמשותיך א"ר שמואל בר נחמני פליגי תרי מלאכי ברקיעא גבריאל ומיכאל ואמרי לה תרי אמוראי במערבא ומאן אינון יהודה וחזקיה בני רבי חייא חד אמר שוהם וחד אמר ישפה אמר להו הקב"ה להוי כדין וכדין

The rest [of Leviathan] will be distributed and sold out in the markets of Jerusalem; for it is said: They will part him among the Kena'anim,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Job XL, 30. Merchants [H] ');">¹⁷</span> and Kena'anim must mean merchants, for it is said: As for kena'an<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So R.V. margin, reading Canaan. English versions render trafficker. ');">¹⁸</span>

(ישעיהו נד, יב) ושעריך לאבני אקדח כי הא דיתיב רבי יוחנן וקא דריש עתיד הקב"ה להביא אבנים טובות ומרגליות שהם שלשים על שלשים וחוקק בהן עשר על עשרים ומעמידן בשערי ירושלים לגלג עליו אותו תלמיד השתא כביעתא דציצלא לא משכחינן כולי האי משכחינן

the balances of deceit are in his hand, he loveth to oppress.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hos. XII. 8. ');">¹⁹</span> And if you wish you may infer it from the following: Whose merchants are princes, whose traffickers<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H]; absolute form, [H] ');">²⁰</span>

לימים הפליגה ספינתו בים חזא מלאכי השרת דיתבי וקא מינסרי אבנים טובות ומרגליות שהם ל' על ל' וחקוק בהן עשר ברום עשרים אמר להו הני למאן אמרו ליה שעתיד הקב"ה להעמידן בשערי ירושלים אתא לקמיה דרבי יוחנן אמר ליה דרוש רבי לך נאה לדרוש כאשר אמרת כן ראיתי אמר לו ריקא אלמלא (לא) ראית לא האמנת מלגלג על דברי חכמים אתה נתן עיניו בו ונעשה גל של עצמות

are the honourable of the earth.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Isa. XXIII, 8. ');">²¹</span> Rabbah in the name of R. Johanan further stated: The Holy One, blessed be He, will in time to come make a tabernacle for the righteous from the skin of Leviathan; for it is said: Canst thou fill tabernacles with his skin.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Job XL, 31. ');">²²</span>

מיתיבי (ויקרא כו, יג) ואולך אתכם קוממיות רבי מאיר אומר מאתים אמה כשתי קומות של אדם הראשון

If a man is worthy, a tabernacle is made for him; if he is not worthy [of this] a [mere] covering is made for him, for it is said: And his head with a fish covering.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. ');">²³</span> If a man is [sufficiently] worthy a covering is made for him; if he is not worthy [even of this], a necklace is made for him, for it is said: And necklaces about thy neck.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Prov. I, 9. ');">²⁴</span>

רבי יהודה אומר מאה אמה כנגד היכל וכתליו שנאמר (תהלים קמד, יב) אשר בנינו כנטיעים מגודלים בנעוריהם בנותינו כזויות מחוטבות תבנית היכל כי קאמר ר' יוחנן לכווי דבי זיקא

If he is worthy [of it] a necklace is made for him; if he is not worthy [even of this] an amulet is made for him; as it is said: And thou wilt bind him for thy maidens.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Job XL, 29. Bind, refers to a small object, such as an amulet, which one attaches (binds) to a string. ');">²⁵</span> The rest [of Leviathan] will be spread by the Holy One, blessed be He, upon the walls of Jerusalem, and its splendour will shine from one end of the world to the other; as it is said: And nations shall walk at thy light, and kings at the brightness of thy rising.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Isa. LX, 3. ');">²⁶</span>

ואמר רבה א"ר יוחנן עתיד הקב"ה לעשות שבע חופות לכל צדיק וצדיק שנאמר (ישעיהו ד, ה) וברא ה' על כל מכון הר ציון ועל מקראיה ענן יומם ועשן ונוגה אש להבה לילה כי על כל כבוד חופה מלמד שכל אחד ואחד עושה לו הקדוש ברוך הוא חופה לפי כבודו

[It is written]: <i>And I will make thy pinnacles of kadkod</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Isa. LIV, 12. Kadkod, [H] E.V. 'Rubies.' ');">²⁷</span> — R. Samuel b. Nahmani said: There is a dispute [as to the meaning of <i>kadkod</i>] between two angels in heaven, Gabriel and Michael. Others say: [The dispute is between] two Amoraim in the West.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Palestine, which is west of Babylon where the Babylonian Talmud was composed. ');">²⁸</span>

עשן בחופה למה אמר רבי חנינא שכל מי שעיניו צרות בתלמידי חכמים בעולם הזה מתמלאות עיניו עשן לעולם הבא ואש בחופה למה אמר רבי חנינא מלמד שכל אחד ואחד נכוה מחופתו של חבירו אוי לה לאותה בושה אוי לה לאותה כלימה

And who are they? — Judah and Hezekiah the sons of R. Hiyya. One says: [<i>Kadkod</i> means] onyx; and the other says: Jasper. The Holy One, blessed be He, said unto them: Let it be as this one [says] and as that one.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H] a play on the word [H]. ');">²⁹</span> <i>And thy gates of carbuncles</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. ');">³⁰</span>

כיוצא בדבר אתה אומר (במדבר כז, כ) ונתתה מהודך עליו ולא כל הודך זקנים שבאותו הדור אמרו פני משה כפני חמה פני יהושע כפני לבנה אוי לה לאותה בושה אוי לה לאותה כלימה

[is to be understood] as R. Johanan [explained] when he [once] sat and gave an exposition: The Holy One, blessed be He, will in time to come bring precious stones and pearls which are thirty [cubits] by thirty and will cut out from them [openings]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To serve as entrances to the city. ');">³¹</span> ten [cubits] by twenty, and will set them up in the gates of Jerusalem. A certain student sneered at him: [Jewels] of the size of a dove's egg are not to be found; are [jewels] of such a size to be found? After a time, his ship sailed out to sea [where] he saw ministering angels engaged<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'who sat and cut'. ');">³²</span>

אמר רבי חמא (בר) חנינא עשר חופות עשה הקדוש ברוך הוא לאדם הראשון בגן עדן שנאמר (יחזקאל כח, יג) בעדן גן אלהים היית כל אבן יקרה וגו' מר זוטרא אמר אחת עשרה שנאמר כל אבן יקרה אמר רבי יוחנן וגרוע שבכולן זהב דקא חשיב ליה לבסוף

in cutting precious stones and pearls which were thirty [cubits] by thirty and on which were engravings of ten [cubits] by twenty. He said unto them: 'For whom are these?' They replied that the Holy One, blessed be He, would in time to come set them up in the gates of Jerusalem. [When] he came [again] before R. Johanan he said unto him: 'Expound, O my master; it is becoming for you to expound; as you said, so have I seen.' He replied unto him: 'Raca, had you not seen, would not you have believed? You are [then] sneering at the words of the Sages!' He set his eyes on him and [the student] turned into a heap of bones.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Ber. 58a, Shab. 34a, Sanh. 100a. ');">³³</span> An objection was raised: <i>And I will lead you komamiyuth</i>,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXVI, 13. Heb. [H] lit., upright. Here taken as the dual of [H] height. ');">³⁴</span>

מאי (יחזקאל כח, יג) מלאכת תופיך ונקביך בך אמר רב יהודה אמר רב אמר לו הקדוש ברוך הוא לחירם מלך צור בך נסתכלתי ובראתי נקבים נקבים באדם ואיכא דאמרי הכי קאמר בך נסתכלתי

R. Meir says: [it means] two hundred cubits; twice the height of Adam.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Heb. [H] 'Adam the first'. That is, the people will gain in stature to twice the height of Adam. His height, originally from earth to heaven or from one end of the earth to the other, was, after his sin, reduced to a hundred cubits. V. Hag. 22a. ');">³⁵</span> R. Judah says: A hundred cubits; corresponding to the [height of the] temple<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 3a. cf. Sanh. (Sonc. ed.) 100a. ');">³⁶</span> and its walls. For it is said: <i>We whose sons are as plants grown up in their youth; whose daughters are as corner-pillars carved after the fashion of the Temple</i>.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ps. CXLIV, 22. How then, in view of their increase to a hundred cubits in height, necessitating correspondingly high gates, can R. Johanan say that the gates were only twenty in height? ');">³⁷</span> R. Johanan speaks only of the ventilation windows. Rabbah in the name of R. Johanan further stated: The Holy One, blessed be He, will make seven canopies for every righteous man; for it is said: <i>And the Lord will create over the whole habitation of Mount Zion, and over her assemblies, a cloud of smoke by day, and the shining of a flaming fire by night; for over all the glory shall be a canopy</i>.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Isa. IV, 5. ');">³⁸</span> This teaches that the Holy One, blessed be He, will make for everyone a canopy corresponding to his rank.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'his honour, glory.' ');">³⁹</span> Why is smoke required in a canopy? — R. Hanina said: Because whosoever is niggardly towards the scholars in this world will have his eyes filled with smoke in the world to come. Why is fire required in a canopy? — R. Hanina said: This teaches that each one will be burned by reason of [his envy of the superior] canopy of his friend. Alas, for such shame! Alas, for such reproach! In a similar category is the following: <i>And thou shalt put of thy honour upon him</i>,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XXVII, 20. ');">⁴⁰</span> but not <i>all</i> thy honour. The elders of that generation said: The countenance of Moses was like that of the sun; the countenance of Joshua was like that of the moon.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Joshua's glory was inferior to that of Moses. ');">⁴¹</span> Alas, for such shame! Alas for such reproach!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That there should be so much deterioration in the course of one generation. ');">⁴²</span> R. Hama b. Hanina said: The Holy One, blessed be He, made ten canopies for Adam in the garden of Eden; for it is said: <i>Thou wast in Eden the garden of God; every precious stone [was thy covering, the cornelian, the topaz and the emerald, the beryl, the onyx and the jasper, the sapphire, the carbuncle and the emerald and gold</i>]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ezek, XXVIII, 13. The text speaks of Hiram, King of Tyre, who is tauntingly asked whether he could compare himself with Adam who had all these canopies. 'Every precious stone' is not included in the number. ');">⁴³</span> etc. Mar Zutra says: Eleven; for it is said: <i>Every</i> precious stone.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Mar Zutra obtains the number eleven by including 'Every precious stone' in the list of materials used for making Adam's canopies. ');">⁴⁴</span> R. Johanan said: The least of all [these] was gold, since it is mentioned last. What is [implied] by <i>the work of thy timbrels and holes</i>?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. ');">⁴⁵</span> — Rab Judah said in the name of Rab: The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Hiram, the King of Tyre. '[At the creation] I looked upon thee, [observing thy future arrogance]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Ezek. XXVIII, 2ff, Because thy heart is lifted up, and thou hast said: I am a God, etc. ');">⁴⁶</span> and created [therefore] the excretory organs of man'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'many holes' or 'orifices', created to curb human pride. ');">⁴⁷</span> Others say: Thus said [the Holy One, blessed be He].' I looked upon thee