Bava Batra 195

מבושם אני מוכר לך חייב להעמיד לו עד העצרת וישן משל אשתקד ומיושן משל ג' שנים:

THAT IS SWEET<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Implying that it will keep as long as other good wines, ');">¹</span> I AM SELLING YOU, HE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ITS PRESERVATION UNTIL PENTECOST.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' ha-'Azereth [H] 'the gathering', 'the festive gathering'. 'The Feast of Weeks', 'Pentecost'. ');">²</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> אמר ר' יוסי בר' חנינא לא שנו אלא בקנקנים דלוקח אבל בקנקנים דמוכר אמר ליה הא חמרך והא קנקנך

AND [IF HE SAID, 'I SELL YOU] OLD [WINE.' HE MUST SUPPLY WINE] OF THE PREVIOUS YEAR; [IF] VERY OLD [WINE.' HE MUST SUPPLY WINE] OF THREE YEARS STANDING<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., two years previous to the current year. ');">³</span> <b><i>GEMARA.</i></b> R. Jose, son of R. Hanina, said: [The law<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That the seller is not responsible if the wine becomes sour. ');">⁴</span>

וכי קנקנין דמוכר מאי הוי לימא ליה לא איבעי לך לשהויי לא צריכא דאמר ליה למקפה

in] our Mishnah is applicable only [to the case where the wine is] in the jugs of the buyer,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For, in this case, it may be assumed that the buyer's jugs have spoilt the wine. ');">⁵</span> but [where it is] in the jugs of the seller [the former] can say to him, 'Take your wine and take your jug'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since it was spoilt in the seller's jugs, the buyer has no responsibility whatsoever for its deterioration, and may cancel the purchase. ');">⁶</span>

ומאי דוחקיה דר' יוסי בר' חנינא לאוקמא למתניתין בקנקנין דלוקח ודאמר ליה למקפה לוקמא בקנקנין דמוכר ודלא אמר ליה למקפה

But what matters it [even] if the jugs are the seller's? Let him say to [the buyer]. 'You should not have kept it so long'!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since most people buy wine for immediate consumption. ');">⁷</span> — The law [mentioned] is applicable [to the case] where [the buyer] said to him [that he required the wine] for [flavouring] dish[es].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Only small quantities at a time are used, and the wine has to be kept for a long time. ');">⁸</span>

אמר רבא מתניתין קשיתיה דקתני אם ידוע שיינו מחמיץ הרי זה מקח טעות אמאי לימא ליה לא איבעי לך לשהויי אלא לאו שמע מינה דאמר ליה למקפה שמע מינה

But what compels R. Jose, son of R. Hanina, to explain our Mishnah as treating of the case where the jugs belong to the buyer and that he [specially] says [to the seller that he requires the wine] for [flavouring] dish[es]? Let him rather explain<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And so there would be no need to restrict our Mishnah to the case where the jugs are the buyer's. Whether they belonged to the buyer or to the seller, the latter would be free from responsibility since the fact that it was to be used in small quantities for a long period was not mentioned at the time of the purchase. ');">⁹</span> that it treats [even] of [the case where the] jugs belong to the seller and where [the buyer] does not say to him [that he requires the wine] for [flavouring] dish[es]? — Raba replied: Our Mishnah presented to him a difficulty, for it teaches: IF HIS WINE IS KNOWN TO TURN SOUR, THE PURCHASE IS ONE BASED ON ERROR, why. [R. Jose asked,] should that be so? Let [the seller] tell him, 'You should not have kept it so long' — From this,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the fact that the buyer is held responsible. ');">¹⁰</span>

ופליגא דרב חייא בר יוסף דאמר רב חייא בר יוסף חמרא מזלא דמריה גרים שנא' (חבקוק ב, ה) ואף כי היין בוגד גבר יהיר וגו'

then, it must be inferred that [the buyer specifically] said to him [that he required the wine] for [flavouring] dish[es].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And knowing that his wine turns sour, the seller had no right to sell him it for the purpose required. Now since the second clause of our Mishnah speaks of such a case, the first clause also must speak of such a case; and the reason for the seller's exemption from all responsibility must, therefore, be attributed to the fact that the wine was kept in the jugs of the buyer. ');">¹¹</span> This view<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That our Mishnah speaks of wine in the buyer's jugs and that, if it had remained in the seller's jugs. the latter would have been responsible. ');">¹²</span>

אמר רב מרי האי מאן דיהיר אפילו אאינשי ביתיה לא מיקבל שנא' (חבקוק ב, ה) גבר יהיר ולא ינוה מאי ולא ינוה בנוה שלו

is in disagreement with that of R. Hiyya b. Joseph, for R. Hiyya b. Joseph said: The condition of] wine depends on its owner's luck<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And not upon that of the jugs. ');">¹³</span> for it is said. <i>Yea, moreover, wine is treacherous<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., turns sour. ');">¹⁴</span></i>

א"ר יהודה אמר רב כל המתגאה בטלית של ת"ח ואינו ת"ח אין מכניסין אותו במחיצתו של הקב"ה כתיב הכא ולא ינוה וכתיב התם (שמות טו, יג) אל נוה קדשך

if the man is haughty,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A haughty person, who boasts of that which he does not possess, is punished, 'measure for measure', by having that which looks like wine turned into that which in reality is vinegar. ');">¹⁵</span> etc.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hab. II, 5. ');">¹⁶</span>

אמר רבא האי מאן דזבין ליה חביתא דחמרא לחנואה אדעתא לסבוייה ותקיף אפלגא או אתילתא דינא הוא דמקבל לה מיניה ולא אמרן אלא דלא שני בברזא אבל שני בברזא לא ולא אמרן אלא דלא מטא יומא דשוקא אבל מטא יומא דשוקא לא

R. Mari said: One who is proud is not acceptable even to his own household, for it is said. <i>A haughty man abideth not</i>,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. ');">¹⁷</span> this means. he abideth not<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., 'is not tolerated', ');">¹⁸</span>

ואמר רבא האי מאן דקביל חמרא אדעתא דממטי ליה לפרוותא דוול שפט ואדמטי התם זל דינא הוא דמקבל ליה

in his own abode. Rab Judah said in the name of Rab: Any one who is not a scholar, and parades in the scholar's cloak, is not admitted within the circle of the Holy One, blessed be He; [for] here it is written. And he abideth not<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. ');">¹⁹</span>

איבעיא להו הוה חלא מאי אמר ליה רב הלל לרב אשי כי הואן בי רב כהנא אמר לן חלא לא ודלא כר' יוסי בר' חנינא

and there it is written. To thy holy abode.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XV, 13 [H] 'Habitation', abode', in Ex, is of the same root as [H] 'abideth', in Hab. ');">²⁰</span> Raba said: If a man sold a jug of wine to a shopkeeper with the intention to retail it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The shopkeeper is to pay for the wine after it has been sold out, deducting a certain percentage for his trouble. ');">²¹</span>

ואיכא דאמרי אפילו חלא נמי מקבל כמאן כר' יוסי בר' חנינא:

and when [there still remained] a half or a third, it turned sour, the law is that he<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The seller, since he has retained the ownership of the wine, the shopkeeper merely acting as his agent. ');">²²</span> must take it back from him.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Must bear the entire loss. ');">²³</span>

ישן משל אשתקד כו':

This,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That the loss must be borne by the seller. ');">²⁴</span> however, applies only to the case where [the shopkeeper] has not changed the bung-hole, but not [to the case] where he has changed the bung-hole.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because it is possible that the change has caused the wine to ferment and to turn sour. ');">²⁵</span> [Furthermore,] this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That the loss must be borne by the seller. ');">²⁴</span> applies only to the case where the market day has not [yet] arrived,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that the shopkeeper cannot be blamed for slackness in selling out. ');">²⁶</span> but not [to the case where] the market day has [already] arrived. Raba further stated: If a man accepted wine<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On a commission, undertaking to pay the owner, after it had been sold out, deducting a percentage for his trouble. ');">²⁷</span> for the purpose of taking it to the markets of Wal-Shafat,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And not to sell it elsewhere, Walshafat or Belshafat, a town in Susiana famous for its wine market; v. B.M. 73b. ');">²⁸</span> and, by the time he arrived there, the price fell, the law is that the owner must accept it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., he must bear the loss in value as compared with the price prevailing at the time the wine was accepted; since all the time the wine remained in his ownership. ');">²⁹</span> The question was raised, what is the law if it turned into vinegar?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Before it arrived at its destination. ');">³⁰</span> — R. Hillel said to R. Ashi: When we were at R. Kahana's he said unto us: [In the case when it has turned into] vinegar, [the owner is] not [to bear all the loss], for [the law] is not in accordance with [the opinion of] R. Jose, son of R. Hanina.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who said, supra, that whenever it was understood at the time of the purchase that the wine had to last for a long period, the seller must bear the loss, if the wine remained in his jugs. ');">³¹</span> Others Say: Even [when it has turned into] vinegar. [the seller] must also bear [all the loss] in accordance with [the opinion of] R. Jose, son of R. Hanina. OLD [WINE, HE MUST SUPPLY WINE] OF THE PREVIOUS YEAR, ETC.