Bava Batra 347

רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר אם יש נכסים ללוה אחד זה ואחד זה לא יפרע מהן

RABBAN SIMEON B. GAMALIEL SAID: IF THE BORROWER HAS PROPERTY, PAYMENT MAY BE EXACTED neither from the one nor from the other.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'whether this or this, payment from them shall not be exacted', neither from the guarantor not from the kabbelan. ');">¹</span>

אמר רבה בר חנה אמר ר' יוחנן כל מקום ששנה רשב"ג במשנתנו הלכה כמותו חוץ מערב וצידון וראיה אחרונה

Rabbah b. Bar Hana said in the name of R. Johanan: Wherever Rabban Simeon b. Gamaliel taught in our Mishnah, the <i>halachah</i> is in agreement with his ruling<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'like him'. ');">²</span>

אמר רב הונא הלוהו ואני ערב הלוהו ואני פורע הלוהו ואני חייב הלוהו ואני (נותן) כולן לשון ערבות הן

except [in the cases of] 'guarantor',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The law just quoted from our Mishnah. Payment, contrary to the ruling of Rabban Simeon b. Gamaliel, may be exacted from a kabbelan, though the debtor has property. ');">³</span>

תן לו ואני קבלן תן לו ואני פורע תן לו ואני חייב תן לו ואני (נותן) כולן לשון קבלנות הן

'zidon'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Git. 74a. ');">⁴</span>

איבעיא להו הלוהו ואני קבלן תן לו ואני ערב מאי

and the 'latter proof'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Sanh. 31a ');">⁵</span>

אמר ר' יצחק לשון ערבות ערבות לשון קבלנות קבלנות

R. Huna said: [Should one say], 'Lend him [a sum of money] and I [shall be] guarantor'. 'Lend him and I [shall] repay [you]', 'Lend him and I [shall be] liable [for the loan]', [or] 'Lend him and I [shall] give [it back to you]' — all these are expressions of guarantee.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H], security. Since the expression of lending was used the guarantor has thereby intimated that the other shall be the borrower. He has consequently to pay only in the case where the debtor has no property of his own. ');">⁶</span>

רב חסדא אמר כולן לשון קבלנות הן בר מהלוהו ואני ערב

[If, however, one said], 'Give him [a sum of money] and I [shall be] kabbelan'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra note 2. ');">⁷</span>

רבא אמר כולן לשון ערבות הן בר מתן לו ואני נותן

'Give him and I shall repay [you]', 'Give him and I [shall be] liable [for the loan]', [or] 'Give him and I [shall] give [it back to you]' — all these are expressions of kabbelanuth.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H] 'acceptance'. By using the expression give and not lend he thereby gave the order and thus he makes himself in form the principal debtor. Consequently, whether the debtor possesses property or not, payment may be exacted from the kabbelan. ');">⁸</span>

א"ל מר בר אמימר לרב אשי הכי אמר אבא תן לו ואני נותן אין למלוה על הלוה כלום

The question was raised: What [is the law if one said], 'Lend him<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A sum of money. ');">⁹</span>

ולא היא לא מיפטר לוה מיניה דמלוה עד שישא ויתן ביד

and I [shall be] kabbelan'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra note 2. ');">⁷</span>

ההוא דיינא דאחתיה למלוה לנכסי [דלוה] מקמי דלתבעיה ללוה סלקיה רב חנין בריה דרב ייבא

[or], 'Give him and I [shall be] guarantor'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the expression of lending was used together with that of kabbelanuth and the expression of give with that of guarantee. ');">¹⁰</span>

אמר רבא מאן חכים למעבד כי הא מילתא אי לאו רב חנין בריה דרב ייבא קסבר נכסיה דבר איניש אינון מערבין יתיה ותנן המלוה את חבירו ע"י ערב לא יפרע מן הערב וקי"ל לא יתבע ערב תחלה

— R. Isaac replied: The expression of guarantee [has the force of a] guarantee; the expression of kabbelanuth<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. note 10. ');">¹¹</span>

ההוא ערבא דיתמי דפרעיה למלוה מקמי דלודעינהו ליתמי

I [has the force of] acceptance.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The expressions of 'lending' and 'giving', are of no consequence where the term denoting 'guarantee' or 'acceptance' was specifically mentioned. ');">¹²</span>

א"ר פפא פריעת בע"ח מצוה ויתמי לאו בני מיעבד מצוה נינהו

R. Hisda said: All of these are expressions of kabbelanuth, except [that] of 'Lend him [a sum of money] and I [shall be] guarantor'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. p. 765, notes 8 and 10 supra. Since both expressions wore used, lending and guarantee. ');">¹³</span>

ורב הונא בריה דרב יהושע אמר אימר צררי אתפסיה

Raba said: All of these are expressions of 'guarantee', except that of 'Give him and I [shall] give [it back to you]'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. loc. cit. note 10. Since the expression of 'giving' was used twice; much more so if the expressions of giving and kabbelanuth were used. ');">¹⁴</span> Mar b. Amemar said to R. Ashi: Father said thus: [If one said,] 'Give him [a sum of money] and I [shall] give [it back to you]', the creditor has no claim whatsoever against the borrower. The law,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'it'. ');">¹⁵</span> however, is not [so]; [for] a debtor cannot escape from the creditor unless [the guarantor] had taken [the money] with [his own] hand [from the creditor] and delivered [it to the borrower]. A certain judge once allowed a creditor to take possession<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'caused him to go down'. ');">¹⁶</span> of the property of the debtor before [that] debtor had been sued. [The matter having been brought to his notice,] R. Hanin the son of R. Yeba removed him.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He re-transferred the property to the borrower. ');">¹⁷</span> Said Raba: Who [would have been so] wise [as] to do such a thing if not R. Hanin the son of R. Yeba! He holds the opinion that a man's possessions are his surety, and we have learnt, IF [A MAN] LENDS [MONEY] TO ANOTHER ON A GUARANTOR'S SECURITY, HE MUST NOT EXACT PAYMENT FROM THE GUARANTOR, and this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'for us'. ');">¹⁸</span> has been established [to mean that] the guarantor may not be called upon first.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Similarly, in the case of seizure of property (a person's surety), the debtor must be sued first before his possessions may be approached. ');">¹⁹</span> A certain guarantor of orphans<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., guarantor to a loan incurred by their father. ');">²⁰</span> once paid the creditor before the orphans were sued.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And after paying he desired compensation by the orphans. [So Rashb. Cur. edd. read 'before he informed them'. Had he, that is to say, informed them first and paid on their instructions, he would have been able to recoup himself. V. Yad Ramah.] ');">²¹</span> Said R. Papa: The repayment [of a verbal loan to] a creditor is a commandment, and orphans<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Minors under thirteen years of age. ');">²²</span> are not subject to the performance of commandments.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The guarantor who discharged their father's debt and has thus become, so to speak, the creditor, cannot exact payment from them. ');">²³</span> But R. Huna son of R. Joshua said:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The reason why the orphans need not refund the guarantor is not that given by R. Papa, since orphans also are subject to the performance of such a commandment as that of paying their Father's debts (cf. 'Ar. 22a). ');">²⁴</span> It may be assumed [that] he<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The father of the orphans. ');">²⁵</span> deposited with him<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The creditor. ');">²⁶</span> [some] bundles [of valuables].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As a security for his loan. The guarantor, consequently, should not have repaid the debt before obtaining the return of the valuables. Since he overlooked this, he has himself to blame, and there is no obligation on the part of the orphans to indemnify him. He may, however, sue them when they obtain their majority. ');">²⁷</span>