Talmud Bavli
Talmud Bavli

Bava Metzia 57

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1

אלא כשנשתמש בהן אבל לא נשתמש בהן אם אבדו פטור

[apparently] only if he [the finder] did use it. But if not, [all would agree] that if it is lost he is free [from responsibility]. Shall we say that this refutes R. Joseph? For it has been stated. A bailee of lost property: Rabbah ruled, he ranks as an unpaid bailee; R. Joseph maintained. as a paid bailee!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And since a paid bailee is liable for loss, our Mishnah appears to refute R. Joseph. ');"><sup>1</sup></span>

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2

לימא תיהוי תיובתא דרב יוסף דאתמר שומר אבידה רבה אמר כש"ח רב יוסף אמר כש"ש

— R. Joseph can answer you. As for theft and loss, all agree that he is responsible. They differ only in respect to [unavoidable] accidents, for which a borrower [alone is responsible]. R. Tarfon holds: The Rabbis permitted him [the finder] to use it, therefore he is a borrower in respect thereto. Whilst R. Akiba holds that the Rabbis did not permit him to use it, therefore he is not a borrower in respect thereto. If so, why does R. Akiba say 'THEREFORE'? For if you agree that they differ concerning theft and loss, it is well; hence it is taught. R. AKIBA MAINTAINED, HE MUST NOT USE IT; THEREFORE IF IT IS LOST HE BEARS NO RESPONSIBILITY. For I might think he is a paid bailee, in accordance with R. Joseph's view, and responsible for theft and loss; hence we are informed, 'THEREFORE' [etc.] i.e., since you say that he may not use it, he is not a paid bailee, nor is he responsible for theft and loss. But if you say that all agree that he is responsible for theft and loss, whilst they differ only in respect of [unpreventable] accidents, for which a borrower [alone is responsible], what is the meaning of R. Akiba's 'THEREFORE'? Surely he [the Tanna] should have stated thus: R. AKIBA MAINTAINED, HE MUST NOT USE IT [and no more]; then I would have known myself that since he may not use it, he is not a borrower, hence not responsible. What then is the need of R. Akiba's 'THEREFORE'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The question is a straightforward one, though put with a good deal of unnecessary circumlocution. [Rabbinovicz, D.S. a.l. suggests this to be an interpolation of Jehudai Gaon.] ');"><sup>2</sup></span>

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3

אמר לך רב יוסף בגניבה ואבידה דכ"ע לא פליגי דחייב כי פליגי באונסין דשואל ר"ט סבר שרו ליה רבנן לאשתמושי בגוייהו והוה ליה שואל עלייהו ור"ע סבר לא שרו ליה רבנן לאשתמושי בגוייהו הלכך לא הוי שואל עלייהו

— On account of R. Tarfon's 'THEREFORE'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., for the sake of balancing the Mishnah. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>

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4

א"ה לפיכך דאמר ר"ע למה לי א"א בשלמא בגניבה ואבידה הוא דפליגי היינו דקתני ר"ע אומר לא ישתמש בהן לפיכך אם אבדו אינו חייב באחריותן ס"ד אמינא שומר שכר הוי כדרב יוסף ובגניבה ואבידה מחייב קא משמע לן לפיכך השתא דאמרת לא ישתמש בהן שומר שכר לא הוי ולא מחייב בגניבה ואבידה

And what is the purpose of R. Tarfon's 'THEREFORE'? — He means this: Since the Rabbis permitted him to use it, it is as though he had done so,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even if he does not use it. ');"><sup>4</sup></span>

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5

אלא אי אמרת בגניבה ואבידה דכולי עלמא לא פליגי דחייב כי פליגי באונסין דשואל מאי לפיכך דרבי עקיבא הכי מבעי ליה למתנא ר"ע אומר לא ישתמש בהן ואנא ידענא דכיון דלא ישתמש בהן לאו שואל הוי ואינו חייב באחריותן לפיכך דרבי עקיבא למה לי

and he is [therefore] held responsible for it. But it is taught, [IF] IT IS LOST!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' How then can it refer to unpreventable accidents? ');"><sup>5</sup></span>

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6

משום לפיכך דרבי טרפון

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7

ולפיכך דרבי טרפון למה לי הכי קאמר כיון דשרו ליה רבנן לאשתמושי בגוייהו כמאן דאישתמש בגוייהו דמי וחייב באחריותן

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8

והא אבדו קתני

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