Chullin 112

בגילא דחיטתא

with a straw of wheat.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra p. 307, n. 1.');">¹</span>

אמר רב שיזבי

R'Shizbi said: Our geese are regarded as water birds.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And are to be declared trefah if only the bone of the skull had been broken, because the membrane is so very fine.');">²</span>

הני אווזי דידן כעוף של מים דמיין:

IF IT FELL INTO THE FIRE.

נפלה לאור:

R'Johanan said on the authority of R'Jose B'Joshua: The size of the green patch [on any of the internal organs required to render a bird trefah] is the same as the size of the hole.

אמר רבי יוחנן משום רבי יוסי בן יהושע

Just as a hole, however small, [renders trefah], so does a green patch, however small, [render trefah].

שיעור ירוקתן כשיעור נקובתן מה נקובתן במשהו אף ירוקתן במשהו

R'Joseph, son of R'Joshua B'Levi, asked R'Joshua B'Levi: What is the law if that part of the liver which lies in front the entrails turned green? - He replied: It would be trefah.

בעא מיניה רב יוסף בריה דרבי יהושע בן לוי מריב"ל

But, retorted the other, it should not be worse than if the liver was gone?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In which case it would be permitted.');">³</span>

הוריקה כבד כנגד בני מעיים מהו

- Raba answered: Since the part of the liver which lies in front of the entrails ha turned green, one can be certain that the bird had fallen into the fire and its internal organs had been scorched; it is therefore trefah.

אמר ליה

R'Joshua B'Levi had a hen which he sent to R'Eleazar ha-Kappar Beribbi.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The hen had presumably fallen into the fire.');">⁴</span>

טרפה

He replied.

ולא יהא אלא ניטלה

They<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the intestines.');">⁵</span>

אמר רבא

are still green; and he declared it permitted.

כיון שהוריקה כבד כנגד בני מעיים בידוע שנפלה לאור ונחמרו בני מעיים וטרפה:

But we have learnt: IF THEY TURNED GREEN IT IS INVALID! - They said: IF THEY TURNED GREEN IT IS INVALID, only with regard to the gizzard, the heart, or the liver<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., in respect of those organs only which are normally red.');">⁶</span>

ריב"ל הויא ליה ההיא תרנגולת שדריה לקמיה דר' אלעזר הקפר בריבי א"ל

There is also a Baraitha that supports this, viz. , With regard to which organs did they state the rule [that if they turned green it was invalid]?

ירוקין הוו ואכשרה

Only with regard to the gizzard, the heart, or the liver.

והאנן תנן

R'Isaac B'Joseph had a hen which he sent to R'Abbahu.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The hen had presumably fallen into the fire.');">⁴</span>

ירוקין פסולין

He replied.

לא אמרו ירוקין פסולין אלא בקורקבן בלב ובכבד

They<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the intestines.');">⁵</span>

תניא נמי הכי

have turned red; and he declared it trefah.

באלו בני מעיים אמרו בקורקבן בלב ובכבד

But we have learnt: IF THEY REMAINED RED IT IS VALID! - He replied, [The rule is:] If organs which are normally red turned green, or organs which are normally green turned red [it is trefah]; for they said: IF THEY REMAINED RED IT IS VALID, only with regard to the heart, the gizzard, or the liver.

רבי יצחק בר יוסף הוה ליה ההוא תרנגולתא שדרה לקמיה דרבי אבהו וא"ל

R'Samuel B'Hiyya said in the name of R'Mani: If organs which are normally red turned green [on the hen falling into the fire], but after being cooked turned again to red, it is valid.

אדומין הוו וטרפה

Why?

והאנן תנן

For it was merely the smoke that had entered into them [and had discoloured them temporarily].

אדומין כשרים

R'Nahman B'Isaac remarked: Then we too can say likewise: If organs which are normally red did not turn green [on the hen falling into the fire], but after being cooked were found to have turned green, it is invalid.

אמר ליה

Why?

אדומין שהוריקו וירוקין שהאדימו טרפה

Their shame has only now been brought to light!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The symptoms of scorching have only now appeared, but it is certainly trefah.');">⁷</span>

לא אמרו אדומין כשרים אלא בלב בקורקבן ובכבד

Therefore, said R'Ashi, one should not eat [a hen that had fallen into the fire] without first cooking the internal organs.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For the symptoms might appear in the organs only after the cooking.');">⁸</span>

אמר רב שמואל בר חייא אמר רבי מני

But this is not right, for we do not assume any taint [without cause].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that as long as there are no evident symptoms of scorching we must not assume any taint in the condition of the bird.');">⁹</span>

אדומין שהוריקו ושלקן וחזרו והאדימו כשרין מאי טעמא

IF ONE TROD UPON IT OR KNOCKED IT AGAINST A WALL.

קוטרא עייל בהו

IT IS VALID.

אמר רב נחמן בר יצחק אף אנן נאמר

R'Eleazar B'Antigonos said in the name of R'Eleazar son of R'Jannai: In each case the bird must be examined.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., even where it continued alive for twenty-four hours it must nevertheless be examined in order to ascertain that the spinal cord has not been severed.');">¹⁰</span>

אדומין שלא הוריקו ושלקן והוריקו טרפה מאי טעמא

<big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>AND THE FOLLOWING [DEFECTS] DO NOT RENDER BIRDS TREFAH: IF THE WINDPIPE WAS PIERCED OR SLIT LENGTHWISE; IF A WEASEL STRUCK IT ON THE HEAD IN SUCH A PLACE AS WOULD NOT RENDER IT TREFAH;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' l.e., in any part of the head not immediately above the brain. For the meaning of 'struck' v. 2upra p. 305, n. 7.');">¹¹</span>

איגלאי בהתייהו

IF THE CROP WAS PIERCED (RABBI SAYS, EVEN IF IT WAS GONE) ; IF THE ENTRAILS PROTRUDED [FROM THE BODY] BUT WERE NOT PIERCED; IF ITS WINGS WERE BROKEN, OR ITS LEGS; OR IF ITS FEATHERS WERE PLUCKED OUT.

אמר רב אשי

R'JUDAH SAYS, IF ITS DOWN<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the soft and fine feathers which are close to the body of the bird.');">¹²</span>

הלכך לא ליכול אינש אלא בשלקא

WAS GONE IT IS INVALID.

ולא היא אחזוקי ריעותא לא מחזקינן:

<big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>Our Rabbis taught: It is related of R'Simai and R'Zadok that when they were on their way to Lydda in order to intercalate the year they spent the Sabbath at Ono,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A village about three miles to the north of Lydda, mentioned in Ezra II, 33. Its modern name is Kefr Ana. thgcht');">¹³</span>

דרסה וטרפה בכותל:

and they ruled concerning the womb as Rabbi concerning the crop.

א"ר אלעזר בן אנטיגנוס משום רבי אלעזר בר' ינאי

It was asked: Does it mean, they ruled that if the womb was gone it was forbidden.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' MS.M. reads 'permitted'. This reading is preferred by Tosaf. s.v. .');">¹⁴</span>

אחת זו ואחת זו צריכה בדיקה:

and they also ruled, like Rabbi, that if the crop was gone it was permitted?

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> ואלו כשרות בעוף

Or, does it mean, they ruled that if the womb was gone it was permitted just as Rabbi rules concerning the crop, but in the case of the crop they do not agree with Rabbi's ruling?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The question is really this: Did they make two decisions, one affecting the womb and the other the crop, or did they only make one decision and that with regard to the womb?');">¹⁵</span>

ניקבה הגרגרת או שנסדקה

- It remains undecided.

הכתה חולדה על ראשה מקום שאינו עושה אותה טרפה

Rabbah, others say R'Joshua B'Levi, said: The top of the crop is regarded as the gullet.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that the slightest perforation there would render the bird trefah.');">¹⁶</span>

ניקב הזפק רבי אומר

Where is this? - R'Bibi B'Abaye said: It is that part of the crop at which point it begins to elongate.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'all that stretches with it', i.e., with the oesophagus. It refers to the point at which the crop begins to taper and to form into the tube of the oesophagus.');">¹⁷</span>

אפילו ניטל

IF THE ENTRAILS PROTRUDED.

יצאו בני מעיה ולא ניקבו

R'Samuel B'R'Isaac said: The Mishnah refers only to the case where they were not twisted<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because this would cause a deterioration and finally a perforation of the intestines (Tosaf.) lbbufhu');">¹⁸</span>

נשתברו גפיה נשתברו רגליה נמרטו כנפיה

[when put back], but if they were twisted [when put back] it would be trefah, for it is written: Hath He not made thee and established thee?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XXXII. 6. Heb. ,uhbbuf');">¹⁹</span>

רבי יהודה אומר

which implies that the Holy One, blessed be He, created in man every organ on its foundation,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Heb. , 'fixed on a basis', 'foundations'.');">²⁰</span>

אם נטלה הנוצה פסולה:

so that if any one organ is twisted man cannot live.

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> תנו רבנן

It was taught: R'Meir used to expound this verse as follows: Hath He not made thee and established thee?

מעשה ברבי סימאי ורבי צדוק שהלכו לעבר שנה בלוד ושבתו באונו והורו בטרפחת כרבי בזפק

[Israel is] a community<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'a city'.');">²¹</span>

איבעיא להו

wherein all [classes] are to be found: out of them come their priests, out of them their prophets, out of them their princes, out of them their kings, as it is written: Out of them shall come forth the corner-stone, out of them the stake etc.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Zech. X. 4.');">²²</span>

הורו בטרפחת לאיסורא כרבי בזפק להתירא

A gentile<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'an Aramean'. In MS.M. 'A Roman'; so also in Alfasi.');">²³</span>

או דילמא הורו בטרפחת להתירא כרבי בזפק אבל כרבי בזפק לא סבירא להו

once saw a man fall from the roof to the ground so that his belly burst open and his entrails protruded.

תיקו

[The gentile] thereupon brought the son [of the victim] and by an optical illusion made out as if he slaughtered him in the presence of the father.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The purpose of this trick was to horrify him so terribly as to cause him to take in a deep breath and draw in his entrails, thus they would be replaced without the aid of the hand of man.');">²⁴</span>

אמר רבה ואיתימא רבי יהושע בן לוי

גגו של זפק נידון כוושט

היכא

אמר רב ביבי בר אביי

כל שנמתח עמו:

יצאו בני מעיה:

אמר רבי שמואל בר רב יצחק

לא שנו אלא שלא היפך בהן אבל היפך בהן טרפה דכתיב

(דברים לב, ו) הוא עשך ויכוננך מלמד שברא הקב"ה כונניות באדם שאם נהפך אחת מהן אינו יכול לחיות

תניא היה רבי מאיר אומר

הוא עשך ויכוננך כרכא דכולה ביה ממנו כהניו ממנו נביאיו ממנו שריו ממנו מלכיו שנאמר

(זכריה י, ד) ממנו פנה ממנו יתד וגו'

ההוא ארמאה דחזייה לההוא גברא דנפל מאיגרא לארעא פקעיה כרסיה ונפוק מעייניה אתייה לבריה ושחטיה קמיה