Talmud Bavli
Talmud Bavli

Chullin 252:1

CommentaryAudioShareBookmark
1

שלש טומאות פורשות מן המת שתים בכל אחת ושלישית אין בהן

There are three matters of uncleanness issuing from a corpse which convey uncleanness by two means but not by the third,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The three means of conveying uncleanness are: by contact, by carrying, and by overshadowing. With regards to the three matters stated, only two of these means apply, the actual two varying with each case, but not all three.');"><sup>1</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
2

ואלו הן

and these are they: a ladleful of corpse-mould, a barley's bulk of bone, and the covering stone and side stones of the grave.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra p. 397, n. 7.');"><sup>2</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
3

מלא תרווד רקב ועצם כשעורה וגולל ודופק

A ladleful of corpse-mould conveys uncleanness by carrying and by overshadowing but not by contact;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This clearly conflicts with the aforementioned view of R. Jose, supra p. 703. omg kkud');"><sup>3</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
4

מלא תרווד רקב מטמא במשא ובאהל ואינו מטמא במגע

[uncleanness by] contact, however, is to be found with each of the others.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
5

והיכן מגעו עם אחת מהן

A barley's bulk of bone conveys uncleanness by carrying and by contact but not by overshadowing;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is a traditional law and not derived from the exposition of a verse, but v. Tosaf. s.v. , and s.v. .');"><sup>4</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
6

עצם כשעורה מטמא במשא ובמגע ואינו מטמא באהל

[uncleanness by] overshadowing, however, is to be found with each of the others.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
7

והיכן אהלו עם אחת מהן

The covering stone and side stones of the grave convey uncleanness by contact and by overshadowing but not by carrying;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is a traditional law and not derived from the exposition of a verse, but v. Tosaf. s.v. , and s.v. .');"><sup>4</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
8

גולל ודופק מטמא במגע ובאהל ואינו מטמא במשא

[uncleanness by] carrying, however, is to be found with each of the others.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
9

והיכן משאו עם אחד מהן:

A THIGH-BONE OF A CARCASS OR OF A [DEAD] REPTILE, etc. Our Rabbis taught: It is written: [He that toucheth] the carcass thereof,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XI, 39.');"><sup>5</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
10

קולית נבלה וקולית השרץ וכו':

but not a stopped up thigh-bone.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
11

ת"ר

I might think [that the same is the case] even if it was pierced, the verse therefore says: He that toucheth.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
12

(ויקרא יא, לט) בנבלתה ולא בקולית סתומה

shall be unclean,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XI, 39.');"><sup>5</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
13

יכול אפילו ניקבה

that is,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to Rashi the implication is derived from the superfluous 'yod' in the word yitma, shall be unclean. V. however, Shittah Mekubbezeth, n. 9.');"><sup>6</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
14

ת"ל

whatever can be touched is unclean<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If the flesh, or, as in this case, the marrow, that is inside can be touched from the outside, then the outer covering serves as a protection to what is inside, and as such conveys the uncleanness.');"><sup>7</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
15

הנוגע יטמא את שאפשר ליגע טמא ואת שאי אפשר ליגע טהור

but whatever cannot be touched is clean.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
16

א"ל רבי זירא לאביי

R'Zera said to Abaye.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
17

אלא מעתה בהמה בעורה לא תטמא

In that case a carcass with the hide still upon it should not convey uncleanness?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since one cannot touch the flesh directly and the hide itself is clean, v. supra 124b.');"><sup>8</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
18

פוק חזי כמה נקבים יש בה

- [He replied,] Just go and see how many apertures there are in it!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' E.g., the nose and the mouth which give direct access to the flesh.');"><sup>9</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
19

א"ל רב פפא לרבא

R'Papa said to Raba.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
20

אלא מעתה כוליא בחלבה לא תטמא

In that case the kidney [of a carcass], so long as it is surrounded with fat, should not convey uncleanness?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For the fat itself is clean, v. Pes. 231.');"><sup>10</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
21

תא חזי כמה חוטין נמשכין הימנה

- [He replied:] Just go and see how many fibers run through it!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And the fibers are accounted as flesh.');"><sup>11</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
22

בעי רב אושעיא

R'Oshaia raised the question.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
23

חישב עליה לנוקבה ולא ניקבה מהו

What is the position if a man intended to pierce [the bone] but did not pierce it?

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
24

מחוסר נקיבה כמחוסר מעשה דמי או לא

Does the absence of piercing make it incomplete,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And what is incomplete does not convey uncleanness.');"><sup>12</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
25

הדר פשטה

or not?

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
26

מחוסר נקיבה לאו כמחוסר מעשה דמי:

He later answered the question himself: the absence of piercing does not make it incomplete.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And therefore since there was a clear intention to pierce it it conveys uncleanness. According to old sources the reading is, 'The absence of piercing makes it incomplete'; for which see Sh. Mek., n. 5, and Maim. Yad, Aboth Hatumeah, II, 12.');"><sup>13</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
27

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> ביצת השרץ המרוקמת טהורה ניקבה כל שהוא טמא

<big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>THE EGG OF A REPTILE IN WHICH THERE HAS FORMED AN EMBRYO IS CLEAN;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And if a man touched the shell he remains clean since the developed embryo within cannot be touched at all.');"><sup>14</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
28

עכבר שחציו בשר וחציו אדמה הנוגע בבשר טמא באדמה טהור

IF IT WAS PIERCED, HOWEVER SMALL THE HOLE WAS, IT IS UNCLEAN.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And contact with the shell would render the person unclean, for in this case the shell serves as a protection to foodstuff and as such conveys uncleanness.');"><sup>15</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
29

רבי יהודה אומר

WITH REGARD TO A MOUSE WHICH IS HALF FLESH AND HALF EARTH.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to the Rabbis, there exists a kind of mouse which is generated from the earth itself; v. Lewysohn, Zoologie des Talmuds, p. 345. Cf. also Sanh. 91a. In the process of generation there would be a time when it is half flesh and half earth.');"><sup>16</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
30

אף הנוגע באדמה שכנגד הבשר טמא:

IF A MAN TOUCHED THE FLESH HE BECOMES UNCLEAN, BUT IF HE TOUCHED THE EARTH HE REMAINS CLEAN.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
31

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> ת"ר

R'JUDAH SAYS, EVEN IF HE TOUCHED THE EARTH THAT IS OVER AGAINST THE FLESH HE BECOMES UNCLEAN.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
32

(ויקרא יא, כו) הטמאים לרבות ביצת השרץ

<big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>Our Rabbis taught: The unclean<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XI, 31: These are the unclean amongst all the creeping things: whosoever doth touch them, when they are dead, shall be unclean until the even.');"><sup>17</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
33

וקולית השרץ יכול אפי' לא ריקמה ת"ל

includes the egg of a reptile and the thigh-bone of a reptile.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
34

(ויקרא יא, כט) השרץ מה שרץ שרקם אף ביצת השרץ שרקמה

might think [that it is the same] even if there had not formed an embryo in it, the verse therefore adds: The creeping things,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XI, 31: These are the unclean amongst all the creeping things: whosoever doth touch them, when they are dead, shall be unclean until the even.');"><sup>17</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
35

יכול אפי' לא ניקבו ת"ל

that is, just as the creeping thing is fully formed so the reptile's egg must also be fully formed.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
36

הנוגע יטמא את שאפשר ליגע טמא ואת שאי אפשר ליגע טהור

I might think [that it is the same] even if they had not been pierced, the verse therefore states: Whosoever doth touch them.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
37

וכמה נקיבתה כחוט השערה שאפשר ליגע כחוט השערה:

shall be unclean,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XI, 31: These are the unclean amongst all the creeping things: whosoever doth touch them, when they are dead, shall be unclean until the even.');"><sup>17</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
38

עכבר שחציו [וכו']:

that is, whatever can be touched is unclean, but whatever cannot be touched is clean.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
39

אמר רבי יהושע בן לוי

How much must be pierced?

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
40

והוא שהשריץ על פני כולו

A hairbreadth, for then it could be touched with a hair.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For it is established law that if a person touched the hair of an unclean body or if by his hair he touched an unclean body, in either case he becomes unclean. V. Rashi a.l.');"><sup>18</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
41

איכא דמתני לה אסיפא רבי יהודה אומר

WITH REGARD TO A MOUSE WHICH IS HALF FLESH etc. R'Joshua the son of Levi said, provided the entire length [of the creature] had developed.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If the creature had already developed in its entire length from head to tail, even if only in half the width of its body, whosoever touches the fleshy part which has already developed becomes unclean.');"><sup>19</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
42

אף הנוגע באדמה שכנגד בשר טמא

Others, however, report this statement in reference to the last clause thus: R'JUDAH SAYS, EVEN IF HE TOUCHED THE EARTH THAT IS OVER AGAINST THE FLESH HE BECOMES UNCLEAN.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
43

אמר ר' יהושע בן לוי

Thereupon R'Joshua the son of Levi said, provided the entire length [of the creature] had been developed.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
44

והוא שהשריץ על פני כולו

He who reports it in reference to the first clause will with more reason apply it also to the last clause,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For had it not developed in its entire length R. Judah surely would not have said that whosoever touched the earth thereof would become unclean.');"><sup>20</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
45

מאן דמתני לה ארישא כל שכן אסיפא

but he who reports it in reference to the last clause will hold that in the fi clause even though the entire length [of the creature] had not been developed [whosoever touches the fleshy part thereof becomes unclean].

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
46

ומאן דמתני לה אסיפא אבל רישא אע"ג דלא השריץ

Our Rabbis taught: Since Scripture mentioned 'the mouse'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XI, 29: And these are they which are unclean to you among the creeping things that creep upon the earth: the weasel, and the mouse, and the toad after its kind.');"><sup>21</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
47

ת"ר

I would have said that it included the sea-mouse for it bears the name 'mouse'.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
48

מתוך שנאמר עכבר שומע אני אפילו עכבר שבים ששמו עכבר

There is, however, an argument [against this]: [Scripture] declared the weasel unclean and the mouse unclean, therefore as the weasel refers only to those that live upon the land<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For there are no weasels, nor any creatures by the name of weasel, that live in the sea.');"><sup>22</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
49

ודין הוא

so the mouse refers only to those that live upon the land.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
50

טימא בחולדה וטימא בעכבר מה חולדה מין הגדל על הארץ אף עכבר מין הגדל על הארץ

Or you might argue in this way: [Scripture] declared the weasel unclean and the mouse unclean, therefore as the weasel refers to every creature which bears the name weasel, so the mouse refers to every creature which bears the name mouse, and so it will include the sea-mouse since it bears the name mouse! The text therefore teaches: Upon the earth.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. This serves to exclude those that live in the sea.');"><sup>23</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
51

או כלך לדרך זו

But if I had only the expression 'upon the earth' to go by, I might say that while upon the earth it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc., the mouse, be it land-mouse or sea-mouse.');"><sup>24</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
52

טימא בחולדה וטימא בעכבר מה חולדה כל ששמה חולדה אף עכבר כל ששמו עכבר אפי' עכבר שבים ששמו עכבר

can render unclean, but if it went down into the sea it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc., the mouse, be it land-mouse or sea-mouse.');"><sup>24</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
53

ת"ל

cannot render anything unclean!

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
54

(ויקרא יא, ב) על הארץ

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
55

אי על הארץ יכול

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
56

על הארץ יטמא ירד לים לא יטמא

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
Previous ChapterNext Chapter