Chullin 76

Chapter 76

א (ויקרא כב, כז) או כשב פרט לכלאים או עז פרט לנדמה כי יולד פרט ליוצא דופן שבעת ימים פרט למחוסר זמן תחת אמו פרט ליתום
1 [or a sheep, or a goat, is brought forth, then it shall be seven days under the dam].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXII, 27.');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ב האי יתום ה"ד
2 'Or a sheep' - this excludes<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As being unfit for a sacrifice. The limitation is implied in the superfluous word, 'or'.');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ג אילימא דילידתיה אמיה והדר מתה לעולם תיחי ותיזיל
3 a cross-breed.'
ד אלא דמתה והדר ילידתיה מכי יולד נפקא
4 Or a goat' - this excludes a goat looking like a lamb.'
ה אלא פשיטא זה פירש למיתה וזה פירש לחיים
5 Is brought forth' - this excludes that which was extracted from the side.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., by means of the Caesarean section.');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ו אי אמרת בשלמא בעינן חיותא בסוף לידה היינו דאיצטריך קרא למעוטי אלא אי אמרת לא בעינן חיותא בסוף לידה למה ליה
6 'It shall be seven days' - this excludes an animal which is too young.'
ז מכי יולד נפקא
7 Under the dam' - this excludes an orphan.
ח אמר רבא הלכתא כי הא מתניתא
8 Now what is meant by 'an orphan'?
ט בהמה דקה שפשטה ידה ולא החזירה פסולה
9 Does it mean that the mother-beast brought forth its young and died immediately after?
י במה דברים אמורים ביד אבל ברגל בין פשטה ולא כפפה בין כפפה ולא פשטה כשרה
10 Must it then continue to live on for ever! Or, again, does it mean that the mother-beast died and immediately after the young was brought forth?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., extracted from the womb or side of the mother-beast.');"><sup>4</sup></span>
יא בד"א בדקה אבל בגסה בין ביד בין ברגל בין פשטה ולא כפפה בין כפפה ולא פשטה כשרה
11 But this would be excluded from the words, 'Is brought forth'.
יב ועוף אפילו לא רפרף אלא גפו ולא כשכש אלא זנבו הרי זה פירכוס
12 It can only mean that the one expired at the same moment that the other came into life.
יג מאי קמ"ל
13 Now if you say that the mother-beast must show signs of life after bringing forth,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And similarly in the case of slaughtering, the slaughtered animal must struggle on and show signs of life at least for one moment after the slaughtering.');"><sup>5</sup></span>
יד כולהו תננהי
14 it is therefore necessary to employ a verse in order to exclude this case [of an orphan]; but if you say that it need not show signs of life after bringing forth,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Consequently the only possible exclusion by reason of the expression 'under the dam' is the case where the young was brought forth after the mother-beast had died, i.e., extracted out of the womb.');"><sup>6</sup></span>
טו בהמה דקה שפשטה ידה ולא החזירה פסולה שאינה אלא הוצאת נפש
15 why then is a verse employed to exclude this case?
טז יד אין רגל לא
16 It surely is excluded from the words, 'Is brought forth'!
יז דקה אין גסה לא
17 Raba said: The law is as stated in the following Baraitha: 'If a small animal stretched out its foreleg and did not withdraw it, the slaughtering is invalid; [but if it did withdraw it, it is valid.]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is added in the tent by Shittah Mekubezeth, v. Marginal Gloss.');"><sup>7</sup></span>
יח עוף איצטריכא ליה דלא תנן:
18 These rules apply only to the foreleg, but with regard to the hind leg the rule is that whether it stretched it out but did not bend it, or bent it but did not stretch it out, it is valid.
יט <big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> השוחט לעובד כוכבי' שחיטתו כשרה
19 Moreover all this applies to a small animal, but wi regard to a large animal the rule is that whether it was the foreleg or the hind leg, whether it stretched it ou but did not bend it or bent it but did not stretch it out, it is valid.
כ ור"א פוסל
20 With regard to a bird, even if it merely twitched its wing<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to another reading. 'blinked its eye'.');"><sup>8</sup></span>
כא אמר ר"א
21 or flapped its tail, it is a sufficient sign of vitality'.
כב אפילו שחטה לאכול לעובד כוכבים מחצר כבד שלה פסולה שסתם מחשבת עובד כוכבים לעבודת כוכבים
22 What does he [Raba] teach us?
כג א"ר יוסי
23 Sur these rules are all implied in our Mishnah: IF A SMALL ANIMAL STRETCHED OUT ITS FORELEG BUT DID NOT WITHDRAW IT, IT IS INVALID, FOR THIS WAS BUT AN INDICATION OF THE EXPIRATION OF ITS LIFE.
כד ק"ו הדברים ומה במקום שהמחשבה פוסלת במוקדשין אין הכל הולך אלא אחר העובד מקום שאין מחשבה פוסלת בחולין אינו דין שלא יהא הכל הולך אלא אחר השוחט:
24 Now it is clear that this applies to the foreleg and not to the hind leg to a small animal and not to a large animal!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And it being an anonymous Mishnah, the law is obvious as stated therein!');"><sup>9</sup></span>
כה <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> הני תנאי אית להו דר' אליעזר ברבי יוסי דתניא אמר ר' אליעזר ברבי יוסי
25 - It was necessary for him to teach it with regard to a bird, which is not stated in our<big><b>MISHNAH:</b></big>
כו שמעתי שהבעלים מפגלין
26 <big><b>MISHNAH:</b></big>
כז מיהו ת"ק סבר
27 IF A MAN SLAUGHTERED A BEAST FOR A HEATHEN,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The gentile being the owner of the beast.');"><sup>10</sup></span>
כח אי שמעיניה דחשיב אין אי לא לא סתם מחשבת עובד כוכבים לעבודת כוכבים לא אמרינן
28 THE SLAUGHTERING IS VALID; R'ELIEZER DECLARES IT INVALID.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because it was no doubt intended to be used by the heathen for an idolatrous purpose.');"><sup>11</sup></span>
כט ור"א סבר
29 R'ELIEZER SAID, EVEN IF ONE SLAUGHTERED A BEAST WITH THE INTENTION THAT A HEATHEN SHOULD EAT OF THE MIDRIFF<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The diaphragm, an insignificant portion of the animal not usually consumed. It is intended that the rest of the animal be consumed by a Jew.');"><sup>12</sup></span>
ל אע"ג דלא שמעיניה דחשיב סתם מחשבת עובד כוכבים לעבודת כוכבים אמרינן
30 THEREOF, THE SLAUGHTERING IS INVALID, FOR THE THOUGHTS OF A HEATHEN ARE USUALLY DIRECTED TOWARDS IDOLATRY.
לא ואתא רבי יוסי למימר
31 R'JOSE EXCLAIMED, IS THERE NOT HERE AN A FORTIORI ARGUMENT?
לב אע"ג דשמעיניה דחשיב זה מחשב וזה עובד לא אמרינן
32 FOR IF IN THE CASE OF CONSECRATED ANIMALS, WHERE A WRONGFUL INTENTION CAN RENDER INVALID, IT IS ESTABLISHED THAT EVERYTHING DEPENDS SOLELY UPON THE INTENTION OF HIM WHO PERFORMS THE SERVICE,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The wrongful intention of the owner or offerer of the sacrifice would not render the sacrifice invalid, provided the person who performed the sacrificial acts had the proper intention with regard thereto. V. Pes. 46a.');"><sup>13</sup></span>
לג איכא דאמרי
33 HOW MUCH MORE IN THE CASE OF UNCONSECRATED ANIMALS, WHERE A WRONGFUL INTENTION CANNOT RENDER INVALID, DOES EVERYTHING DEPEND SOLELY UPON THE INTENTION OF HIM WHO SLAUGHTERS!
לד בדשמעיניה דחשיב פליגי
34 <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>These Tannaim<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the first Tanna and R. Eliezer, but obviously not R. Jose.');"><sup>14</sup></span>
לה ת"ק סבר
35 accept the view of R'Eliezer son of R'Jose.
לו כי אמרינן זה מחשב וזה עובד הני מילי בפנים אבל בחוץ לא חוץ מפנים
36 For it has been taught: R'Elieze son of R'Jose says: I am informed that the owners can render the sacrifice piggul.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the owner, on whose behalf the priest performs the sacrificial acts, can by his wrongful intent render the sacrifice invalid, i.e., render it kudp . V. Glos.');"><sup>15</sup></span> The first Tanna, however, is of the opinion that only if we heard him [the heathen] express an [idolatrous] intention [with regard to the animal] does it become invalid but not otherwise, for we do not say that the thoughts of a heathen are usually directed towards idolatry; whereas R'Eliezer is of the opinion that even if we did not hear him express an [idolatrous] intention [it is invalid], for we say that the thoughts of a heathen are usuall directed towards idolatry. And R'Jose comes to say that even if we heard him express an [idolatrous] intention [it does not become invalid], for we do not hold that one man's wrongful intention should affect another's acts.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In other words, it is the wrongful intention only of the one who performs the service that can affect its validity.');"><sup>16</sup></span> According to another version they<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the first Tanna and R. Eliezer.');"><sup>17</sup></span> differ even in the case where we heard him [the heathen] express an [idolatrous] intention [with regard to the animal]. The first Tanna is of the opinion that the view that one man's wrongful intention may affect another's acts, applies only as regards acts performed inside [the Temple],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the acts in connection with the offering of a sacrifice.');"><sup>18</sup></span> but not outside,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the slaughtering of a beast to idolatry.');"><sup>19</sup></span> and we cannot draw any inference as to acts performed outside from acts performed inside;