Eruvin 100

Chapter 100

א ומ"ס לקרבן גדול קא מכוין
1 while the other Master<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Johanan.');"><sup>1</sup></span> holds the view that the donor's intention was to provide a generous offering.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which of course, is not permissible; hence R. Johanan's ruling that none of the loaves are consecrated. Thus it has been shown that only where the donor's expression, explicit or implicit, was 'forty out of eighty' does Hezekiah maintain that the prescribed forty are consecrated. This, therefore, in no way contradicts Rabbah's ruling, since in the case of 'erub also a man may acquire his Sabbath base under a tree if he used the expression, 'Let me acquire an area of four cubits out of the eight' (supra 50a ab init.) .');"><sup>2</sup></span> Abaye stated: This<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The ruling in our Mishnah according to Rab's interpretation that 'HIS STATEMENT is OF NO AVAil, whatsoever'.');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ב אמר אביי לא שנו אלא באילן שתחתיו י"ב אמה אבל באילן שאין תחתיו י"ב אמה הרי מקצת ביתו ניכר
2 was learnt only in respect of a tree the diameter underneath which was [no less than] twelve cubits<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The length thus comprising no less than three sections of four cubits each, it is impossible to ascertain whether it was the middle section or one of the outer ones that the man desired to acquire as his Sabbath base.');"><sup>4</sup></span> but in the case of a tree the diameter underneath which was less than twelve cubits, behold a part at least of the man's house<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. his base for that Sabbath under the tree in question.');"><sup>5</sup></span> is well marked out.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If the diameter, for instance, was only eleven cubits, each four cubits at either of the extremities must inevitably overlap half a cubit with the middle four cubits. If then the man chose the middle section, all his Sabbath base is obviously well defined; but even if he intended one of the outer sections to be his Sabbath base each of them is at least partially defined in that part where it overlaps with the middle sections. His base may, therefore, be regarded as located in full or in part in that section.');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ג מתקיף לה רב הונא בריה דרב יהושע ממאי דבארבעי מציעתא קא מסיים דלמא בארבעי דהאי גיסא ובארבעי דהאי גיסא קמסיים
3 R'Huna son of R'Joshua demurred: Whence is it proved that he has at all intended<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'marked'.');"><sup>7</sup></span> the middle four cubits? Is it not possible that he intended either the four cubits on the one side or the four on the other side?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And none in the middle. As the two outer sections do not overlap at any point, how could the man's 'house' be said to be 'well marked out'?');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ד אלא אמר רב הונא בריה דרב יהושע לא שנו אלא באילן שתחתיו ח' אמות אבל באילן שתחתיו ז' אמות הרי מקצת ביתו ניכר
4 Rather, said R'Huna son of R'Joshua: This<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra n. 1.');"><sup>9</sup></span> was learnt only in respect of a tree the diameter underneath which was [no less than] eight cubits,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where it is uncertain which section was intended.');"><sup>10</sup></span> but in the case of a tree the diameter underneath which was only seven cubits, behold a part at least of his house is well marked out.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the middle cubit which must inevitably form a part of any section of four cubits that the man may have intended.');"><sup>11</sup></span>
ה תניא כוותיה דרב תניא כוותיה דשמואל
5 It was taught in agreement with Rab and it was also taught in agreement with Samuel.' It was taught in agreement with Rab': If a man who was on a journey [homeward] was overtaken by dusk, and he knew of a tree or a wall and said: 'Let my Sabbath base be under it', his statement is of no avail, but if he said: 'Let m Sabbath base be in such and such a place'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The limits of which (as presently explained) were properly defined.');"><sup>12</sup></span> he may continue his journey until he arrives at that place.
ו תניא כוותיה דרב מי שבא בדרך וחשכה לו והיה מכיר אילן או גדר ואמר שביתתי תחתיו לא אמר כלום אבל אם אמר שביתתי במקום פלוני מהלך עד שמגיע לאותו מקום הגיע לאותו מקום מהלך את כולו וחוצה לו אלפים אמה
6 Having arrived there he may walk throughout its interior and along a distance of two thousand cubits beyond it. This,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That the man is permitted to walk two thousand cubits beyond the place in addition to his freedom of movement throughout its interior.');"><sup>13</sup></span> however, applies only to a well defined spot as, for instance, a mound<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'that he rested (sc. appointed as his place for the Sabbath) in a mound'.');"><sup>14</sup></span>
ז בד"א במקום המסויים כגון ששבת בתל שהוא גבוה י' טפחים והוא מד"א ועד בית סאתים
7 that was ten handbreadths high<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The sides forming a kind of wall around it.');"><sup>15</sup></span> and from four cubits to two beth se'ah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');"><sup>16</sup></span> in area, or<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'and so'.');"><sup>17</sup></span>
ח וכן בקעה שהיא עמוקה י' והיא מד"א ועד בית סאתים אבל במקום שאין מסויים אין לו אלא ד"א
8 a valley that was ten handbreadths deep<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The sides thus forming a kind of wall around it.');"><sup>18</sup></span> and from four cubits to two beth se'ah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');"><sup>16</sup></span> in area, but where the place is not well defined<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If, e.g.,it had no walls or was bigger than two beth se'ah.');"><sup>19</sup></span>
ט היו שנים אחד מכיר ואחד שאינו מכיר זה שאינו מכיר מוסר שביתתו למכיר והמכיר אומר שביתתי במקום פלוני
9 he is not allowed to move<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In its interior, in addition to the two thousand cubits he is allowed in all directions.');"><sup>20</sup></span> more than four cubits. If two were [travelling together] and one of them knows [of a well defined place] and the other does not know of it, the latter transfers his right to choose a place<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'his (intended place of) rest'.');"><sup>21</sup></span>
י בד"א כשסיים ד"א שקבע אבל לא סיים ד"א שקבע לא יזוז ממקומו
10 to the former who then declares, 'My Sabbath base shall be in such and such a place'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And both are thereby entitled to free movement throughout its interior and along a distance of two thousand cubits beyond.');"><sup>22</sup></span> This<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That in an undefined place one acquires at least the right of movement within an area of four cubits and along two thousand cubits in all its directions.');"><sup>23</sup></span> only applies where the man had indicated the four cubits he selected by a mark,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Such as a tree or a stone.');"><sup>24</sup></span>
יא לימא תיהוי תיובתיה דשמואל אמר לך שמואל הכא במאי עסקינן כגון דאיכא ממקום רגליו ועד עיקרו תרי אלפי וארבע גרמידי דאי מוקמית ליה באידך גיסא דאילן קם ליה לבר מתחומא
11 but if he did not indicate the four cubits he had selected by any mark he must not stir<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Beyond the permitted four cubits.');"><sup>25</sup></span> from his place.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because he cannot acquire the place he had selected on account of his omission to indicate any mark in it; and he cannot acquire the place on which he stands on account of his declaration that he desired to acquire another one. This ruling being in complete agreement with that of Rab (v. supra 49b and notes) the Baraitha may well be cited in his support.');"><sup>26</sup></span> Must it be said that this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Baraitha just cited in support of Rab (cf. prev. n.) .');"><sup>27</sup></span>
יב אי סיים ד"א מצי אזיל ואי לא לא מצי אזיל
12 presents an objection against Samuel?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who (v. supra 49b) allows the man to walk to the tree though he did not indicate which four cubits under that tree he had selected.');"><sup>28</sup></span> Samuel can answer you: Here<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In ruling that 'he must not stir from his place'.');"><sup>29</sup></span> we are dealing with a case where from the place on which the man stood to the root of the tree there were two thousand<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The permitted Sabbath limit.');"><sup>30</sup></span>
יג תניא כוותיה דשמואל טעה ועירב לשתי רוחות כמדומה הוא שמערבין לו לשתי רוחות או שאמר לעבדיו צאו וערבו לי אחד עירב עליו לצפון ואחד עירב עליו לדרום מהלך לצפון כעירובו לדרום ולדרום כעירובו לצפון
13 and four<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The area allowed as one's resting place for the Sabbath.');"><sup>31</sup></span> cubits, so that if you were to put him on the further side of the tree<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. if the man's Sabbath base were said to be on that side, which is outside the two thousand and four cubits within which he is permitted to walk.');"><sup>32</sup></span> he would be standing<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' At the time the Sabbath began.');"><sup>33</sup></span>
יד ואם מיצעו עליו את התחום לא יזוז ממקומו
14 outside his permitted limit;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra note 1.');"><sup>34</sup></span> hence, if he indicated four cubits [on the near side of the tree] he may proceed thither, otherwise he may not.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The tree spoken of in our Mishnah, however, proceeding to which is according to Samuel permitted, is one whose root and branches were within the two thousand and four cubits from the place where the man stood when the Sabbath had set in.');"><sup>35</sup></span> 'It was taught in agreement with Samuel': If a man made a mistake and prepared 'erubs in two opposite directions, believing that it is permitted to provide 'erubs in two opposite directions, or if he said to his servants, 'Go and prepare an 'erub for me' and one prepared for him an 'erub in a northerly direction and the other prepared one for him in a southerly direction, he may proceed northwards as far as the limit of his southern 'erub and southwards as far as the limit of his northern 'erub.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If the two 'erubs, for instance, were deposited respectively at distances of a thousand cubits from the man's home, the northern one alone should have enabled him to proceed two thousand cubits in all directions including two thousand cubits in the direction of his home terminating at a distance of a thousand cubits from its southern side. The southern 'erub alone should have entitled him to similar privileges including two thousand in a northerly direction terminating at a distance of a thousand from the northern side of his house. As it is uncertain which of his 'erubs is more effective than the other the restriction resulting from both are imposed upon him and he may not move beyond a thousand cubits from his house either in a northerly or in a southerly direction.');"><sup>36</sup></span>
טו לימא תיהוי תיובתיה דרב רב תנא הוא ופליג:
15 But if they measured each limit exactly<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. if each 'erub was deposited at the very end of the Sabbath limits in both the mentioned directions i.e., at distances of two thousand cubits from his home.');"><sup>37</sup></span> he<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Having lost his right to his home as his abode for that Sabbath, on account of the 'erubs whereby he intimated his desire to acquire other abodes for that day.');"><sup>38</sup></span> may not stir from his place.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the northern 'erub prevents him from moving even one step to the south of his house while the southern one similarly prevents him from moving a single step to the north of his house. Now this Baraitha shows that in a case of uncertainty in connection with two 'erubs the restrictions of both are imposed but the man is nevertheless free to move with, the permitted margin though he did not indicate which of the two 'erubs he preferred. This is in agreement with the view of Samuel (v. supra 49b and notes) who also imposed double restrictions but allowed the man to move within the permitted margin between the tree and his house though it was uncertain which particular four cubits under the tree he selected.');"><sup>39</sup></span>
טז אמר שביתתי בעיקרו מהלך ממקום רגליו ועד עיקרו אלפים אמה ומעיקרו לביתו אלפים אמה נמצא מהלך משחשיכה ד' אלפים אמה:
16 Must it be said that this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The ruling that within a certain permitted margin the man may move despite the uncertainty.');"><sup>40</sup></span> presents an objection against Rab?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who, on account of uncertainty, forbids the man to stir from his place.');"><sup>41</sup></span> - No; Rab is a Tanna<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He was of the last generation of the Tannas and of the first of the Amoras.');"><sup>42</sup></span> and is privileged to differ.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From a Baraitha. Only an Amora is denied this right.');"><sup>43</sup></span> IF, HOWEVER, HE SAID LET MY SABBATH BASE BE AT ITS ROOT', HE MAY WALK FROM THE PLACE WHERE HE STANDS TO ITS ROOT A DISTANCE OF TWO THOUSAND CUBITS, AND FROM ITS ROOT TO HIS HOUSE ANOTHER TWO THOUSAND CUBITS. THUS HE CAN WALK FOUR THOUSAND CUBITS AFTER DUSK.