Eruvin 103

אמר תהא שביתתי בצינתא א"ל אביי מאי דעתיך ר"מ ורבי יהודה הלכה כרבי יהודה ואמר רב חסדא מחלוקת במקום פלוני

by declaring,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the Sabbath eve while he was still in his own house.');">¹</span> 'Let my Sabbath base be at Zinatha'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A place between the two Sabbath limits intervening between the two towns.');">²</span> Said Abaye to him, 'What do you think?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In preparing an 'erub like a poor man though, being able to provide the necessary food, he had the status of a rich man.');">³</span>

והא ר"נ ותניא כוותיה א"ל הדרי בי

That in a dispute between R'Meir and R'Judah the halachah is in agreement with R'Judah,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That poor and rich are subject to the same law.');">⁴</span> and that R'Hisda submitted that they<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Judah and R. Meir.');">⁵</span> differed only where the expression used was, 'In such and such a place'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra 51b q.v. notes.');">⁶</span>

אמר רמי בר חמא הרי אמרו שבת יש לו ד"א הנותן את עירובו יש לו ד"א או לא

Surely [it may be objected: Does not] R'Nahman [differ from R'Hisda], and it was taught in agreement with him?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Nahman, that R. Judah allowed a rich man to make an 'erub without bread only where he personally attended at the spot, which he desired to acquire as his Sabbath base. Now, since Rabbah b. R. Hanan made his declaration at his own house he should not be entitled to acquire Zinatha as his Sabbath base even according to R. Judah.');">⁷</span> - 'I withdraw', the other replied. Rami B'Hama enquired: Behold, it has been laid down that if a man acquired a Sabbath base in person<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. by remaining in that spot at the time the Sabbath began.');">⁸</span>

אמר רבא ת"ש לא אמרו מערבין בפת אלא להקל על העשיר שלא יצא ויערב ברגליו ואי אמרת אין לו האי להקל להחמיר הוא

he is entitled to move within four cubits,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In addition to the two thousand cubits distance along which he is allowed to move in all directions.');">⁹</span> is one who deposits his 'erub<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. sent the prescribed quantity of food to the desired place by the hand of an agent.');">¹⁰</span> also entitled to move within four cubits or not? - Raba replied: Come and hear: THE RABBIS' ENACTMENT THAT AN 'erub IS TO BE PREPARED WITH BREAD HAVING THE ONLY PURPOSE OF MAKING IT EASIER FOR THE RICH MAN SO THAT HE SHAll NOT BE COMPELLED TO GO OUT HIMSELF AND MAKE THE ERUB WITH HIS FEET.

אפילו הכי ניחא ליה כי היכי דלא נטרח וניפוק:

Now if you were to contend that he<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A rich man who deposited an 'erub of food through an agent.');">¹¹</span> is not entitled to the four cubits, [how can it state its purpose be] 'OF MAKING IT EASIER'? Surely [it results in the imposition] of a restriction!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of course it does, since in the absence of the enactment he would have been entitled to the four cubits and as a result of it he forfeits that right.');">¹²</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> מי שיצא לילך בעיר שמערבין בה והחזירו חבירו הוא מותר לילך וכל בני העיר אסורין דברי רבי יהודה

- One is nevertheless pleased with the enactment since thereby one avoids the trouble of going out.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To the appointed place. This benefit outweighs the loss of the four cubits. Hence it was quite proper to say that the enactment had the PURPOSE or MAKING IT EASIER FOR THE RICH MAN.');">¹³</span> <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cited from IF to R. JUDAH supra 51b ad fin. q.v. notes.');">¹⁴</span> IF A MAN LEFT HIS HOME TO PROCEED TO A TOWN WITH WHICH [HIS HOME TOWN DESIRED TO BE] CONNECTED BY AN 'ERUB, BUT A FRIEND OF HIS INDUCED HIM TO RETURN HOME, HE HIMSELF IS ALLOWED TO PROCEED TO THE OTHER TOWN BUT ALL THE OTHER TOWNSPEOPLE ARE FORBIDDEN; SO R'JUDAH.

ר"מ אומר כל שהוא יכול לערב ולא עירב הרי זה חמר גמל:

R'MEIR RULED: WHOSOEVER IS ABLE TO PREPARE AN 'erub<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As the man here spoken of was.');">¹⁵</span> AND NEGLECTED TO DO IT<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. omitted to make a declaration that he wished to acquire the place in question as his Sabbath base. knd rnj');">¹⁶</span> IS IN THE POSITION OF AN ASS-DRIVER AND A CAMEL-DRIVER.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' (v. n. supra 35a) . Since it is uncertain whether he intended to acquire his Sabbath base (a) on the boundary line between the two Sabbath limits that separate the one town from the other or (b) in his own house where he remained when the Sabbath began, he must be restricted in his movements to the two thousand cubits between the house in which he stayed and the termination of the Sabbath limit of that town. He must not proceed beyond the Sabbath limit of the town in the direction of the other town since it is possible that he acquired his Sabbath base at (b) , and he must not move outside the town in the opposite direction, since it is possible that his Sabbath base had been acquired at (a) .');">¹⁷</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> מאי שנא איהו ומאי שנא אינהו אמר רב הונא הכא במאי עסקינן כגון שיש לו שני בתים וביניהן שני תחומי שבת

<big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>In<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This to the end of the paragraph is cited supra 51b q.v. notes.');">¹⁸</span> what respect does he differ from them? - R'Huna replied: We are here dealing with the case of a man who had, for instance, two houses between which two Sabbath limits intervened. As far as he is concerned, since he had set out on his journey he has the status of a poor man.

איהו כיון דנפק ליה לאורחא הוה ליה עני והני עשירי נינהו

They, however, have the status of rich men. So<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That we are dealing here with the case of a man who had two houses between which two Sabbath limits intervened.');">¹⁹</span> it was also taught: If a man had two houses,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' One in each of two towns.');">²⁰</span>

תניא נמי הכי מי שיש לו שני בתים וביניהן שני תחומי שבת כיון שהחזיק בדרך קנה עירוב דברי ר' יהודה

and two Sabbath limits intervened between them, he acquires his 'erub<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the boundary line between the two Sabbath limits.');">²¹</span> as soon as he had set out on his journey;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though he did not make any explicit declaration that he desired to acquire a Sabbath base between the limits, and though he returned home before he reached that spot.');">²²</span> so R'Judah.

יתר על כן אמר ר' יוסי בר' יהודה אפילו מצאו חבירו ואמר לו לין פה עת חמה הוא עת צינה הוא למחר משכים והולך

Relaxing the law still more,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'more than so'.');">²³</span> R'Jose son of R'Judah ruled: Even if<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Before he had set out on his journey.');">²⁴</span> a friend of his met him and said: 'Spend the night here, as the weather is rather<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'a time of'.');">²⁵</span>

אמר רבה לומר כולי עלמא לא פליגי דצריך כי פליגי להחזיק

hot' or 'rather cold', he may set out on his journey on the following day as early as he likes. Rabbah submitted: All agree<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'all the world (sc. R. Judah and R. Jose son of R. Judah) do not differ'.');">²⁶</span> that it is necessary<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The rendering and notes that follow are based on Rashi's own interpretation. The two other interpretations cited and rejected by Rashi are here disregarded.');">²⁷</span>

ורב יוסף אמר להחזיק דכ"ע לא פליגי דצריך כי פליגי לומר

to make<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit.,'to say'.');">²⁸</span> [the prescribed declaration],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., 'Let my Sabbath base be at the boundary line between the two Sabbath limits', analogous to the declaration in the Mishnah supra 49b: 'let my Sabbath base be at its root'.');">²⁹</span> the Only point at issue between them [being whether it is essential for the man] to have actually set out on his journey.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'to take hold'; R. Judah maintaining that this is essential, since, otherwise, as a person at home who is able to obtain the required quantity of bread, he cannot be regarded as a poor man; while R. Jose holds that once a man has decided to set out on a journey, though his plan has been changed and he remains at home, he is regarded as a poor man.');">³⁰</span>

כמאן אזלא הא דאמר עולא מי שהחזיק בדרך והחזירו חבירו הרי הוא מוחזר ומוחזק

R'Joseph, however, submitted: That it is essential for the man to have set out on his journey is disputed by none,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He cannot be regarded as a poor man if he has not left his house.');">³¹</span> the Only point at issue between them being whether it is necessary for him to make [the prescribed declaration].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the opinion of R. Judah this is necessary as was implied in the Mishnah supra 49b (cf. supra n.) ; while R. Jose holds that the setting out on a journey is alone sufficient as an indication of the man's intention and no explicit declaration is therefore necessary. R. Meir's ruling restricting the man's movements as if he were 'AN ASS-DRIVER AND A CAMEL-DRIVER', despite his explicit declaration, may be explained as based on the principle that a man cannot be regarded as poor unless he is actually under way. A man, like the one in question who has only started on his journey is, in R. Meir's opinion, still regarded as a rich man who must use bread for his 'erub ; and since this man did not " sc="" bread="" he="" cannot="" by="" his="" declaration="" alone="" acquire="" a="" base="" between="" the="" sabbath="" limits,="" while="" at="" home="" loses="" through="" explicit="" that="" wished="" to="" one="" elsewhere.');"="">³²</span> Whose view is followed in the ruling of Ulla that<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'like whom goes that which 'Ulla said'.');">³³</span>

אי מוחזר למה מוחזק ואי מוחזק למה מוחזר

if a man set out on a journey and a friend of his induced him to return, behold he is regarded as having returned and as having set out? ( But if he is regarded as 'having returned'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which implies that he has not acquired the Sabbath base at the desired point.');">³⁴</span> why is he described as 'having set out'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Implying that he did acquire that base.');">³⁵</span>

הכי קאמר אע"פ שמוחזר מוחזק כמאן כרב יוסף ואליבא דרבי יוסי ברבי יהודה

And if he is regarded as 'having set out'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Implying that he did acquire that base.');">³⁵</span> why is he described as 'having returned'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which implies that he has not acquired the Sabbath base at the desired point.');">³⁴</span> - It is this that was meant: Although he has actually returned he is regarded as one who had set out.)

רב יהודה בר אישתתא אייתי ליה כלכלה דפירי לרב נתן בר אושעיא כי הוה אזיל שבקיה עד דנחית דרגא אמר ליה בית הכא למחר קדים ואזיל

Now in agreement with whose view has this statement<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of Ulla who, as is apparent From in his ruling, recognizes the acquisition of a Sabbath base even where the man made no explicit declaration that he wished to acquire it.');">³⁶</span> been made? - In agreement with that of R'Joseph according to R'Jose son of R'Judah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who holds that the setting out alone is a sufficient indication of the man's desire and intention (cf. supra p. 362, n. 7.) ,');">³⁷</span> R'Judah B'Ishtatha once<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On a Sabbath eve.');">³⁸</span> brought a basket of fruit to R'Nathan B'Oshaia. When the former was departing<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To return to his home which was within four thousand cubits.');">³⁹</span> the latter allowed him to descend the stairs<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Thus enabling him to assume the status of one who had set out on his journey. khz khztu');">⁴⁰</span> and then called after him, 'Spend the night here'. On the following day he got up early and departed.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Aliter: 'Stay here overnight and go to-morrow', reading for (cf. Golds.) .');">⁴¹</span>