Eruvin 128

בעל בנכסי אשתו

a husband [should act in a similar manner] with his wife's estate. Raba said: Even a man who engaged in trade and made a large profit should act in a similar manner. R'Papa said: Even he who has found something [should act in the same manner].

רבא אמר אפילו עבד עיסקא ורווח רב פפא אמר אפי' מצא מציאה אמר רב נחמן בר יצחק אפילו כתב בהו תפילין

R'Nahman B'Isaac said: Even if he had only arranged for the writing of one pair of<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'he wrote with them', sc. paid for, out of the wealth or property he had acquired.');">¹</span> tefillin. In connection with this R'Hanin [or, as some say: R'Hanina] stated: What is the Scriptural proof?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That the performance of a pious deed has a favourable effect on one's fortunes.');">³</span>

ואמר רב חנין ואיתימא ר' חנינא מאי קראה דכתיב (במדבר כא, ב) וידר ישראל נדר וגו'

It is written: And Israel vowed a vow etc.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XXI, 2, the conclusion of the text showing that as a result of the vow Israel expected to be victorious in their struggle against the Canaanites.');">⁴</span> Rami B'Abba<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Var. lec. R. Aha (cf. Sanh. 22b) . hsf');">⁵</span> stated: A mil's walk or a little sleep removes the effects of wine.

אמר רמי בר אבא דרך מיל ושינה כל שהוא מפיגין את היין אמר רב נחמן אמר רבה בר אבוה לא שנו אלא ששתה כדי רביעית אבל שתה יותר מרביעית כל שכן שדרך טורדתו ושינה משכרתו

Said R'Nahman in the name of Rabbah B'Abbuha: This applies only to one who has drunk one<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So MS.M. omitting 'the contents'. This is also the reading in the quotation infra.');">⁶</span> quarter of a log, but if one has drunk more than a quarter, a walk would only cause him more fatigue, and sleep would produce more intoxication. But does a mil's walk remove the effects of wine?

ודרך מיל מפיגה היין והתניא מעשה בר"ג שהיה רוכב על החמור והיה מהלך מעכו לכזיב והיה רבי אילעאי מהלך אחריו מצא גלוסקין בדרך אמר לו אילעאי טול גלוסקין מן הדרך מצא נכרי אחד אמר לו מבגאי טול גלוסקין הללו מאילעאי

Was it not in fact taught: It once happened that R'Gamaliel was riding on an ass when traveling from Akko to Chezib while R'Ila'i was following behind him. Finding a gluskin<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' An expensive loaf made of a certain kind of white flour.');">⁷</span> on the road he<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Gamaliel.');">⁸</span>

ניטפל לו ר' אילעאי אמר לו מהיכן אתה אמר לו מעיירות של בורגנין ומה שמך מבגאי שמני כלום היכירך רבן גמליאל מעולם אמר לו לאו

said to him, 'Ila'i, pick tip the gluskin from the road'. Late he met a heathen.' Mabgai',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A Samaritan proper name common among heathens (cf. Mak. 11a) .');">⁹</span>

באותה שעה למדנו שכוון רבן גמליאל ברוח הקודש ושלשה דברים למדנו באותה שעה למדנו שאין מעבירין על האוכלין

he said to him, 'take away that loaf from Ila'i'. R'Ila'i thereupon approached him,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The heathen.');">¹⁰</span> and asked 'where are you from? ' 'I am', the other replied: 'from the station keepers'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Burgonin, pl. of burgoni, keeper or tenant of a station for travelers.');">¹¹</span>

ולמדנו שהולכין אחרי רוב עוברי דרכים ולמדנו שחמצו של נכרי אחר הפסח מותר בהנאה

settlements'.' And what is your name? ' 'My name is Mabgai'.' Did R'Gamaliel ever know you? ' 'No', the other replied.

כיון שהגיע לכזיב בא אחד לישאל על נדרו אמר לזה שעמו כלום שתינו רביעית יין האיטלקי אמר לו הן אם כן יטייל אחרינו עד שיפיג יינינו

At that moment we discovered that R'Gamaliel divined by the holy spirit and, at the same time, we learned three things: We learned that<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since R. Ila'i was requested to pick up the loaf.');">¹²</span> eatables<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lying on the ground.');">¹³</span> may not be passed by,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But must be picked up.');">¹⁴</span>

וטייל אחריהן ג' מילין עד שהגיע לסולמא של צור כיון שהגיע לסולמא דצור ירד ר"ג מן החמור ונתעטף וישב והתיר לו נדרו

that<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the loaf was given away to a heathen.');">¹⁵</span> the majority of travellers must be followed;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The majority having been heathens the loaf must be assumed to have been dropped by one of them and, therefore, forbidden to an Israelite.');">¹⁶</span> and that<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This incident occurred after the Passover; and the loaf was nevertheless presented to a heathen.');">¹⁷</span>

והרבה דברים למדנו באותה שעה למדנו שרביעית יין האיטלקי משכר ולמדנו שיכור אל יורה ולמדנו שדרך מפיגה את היין ולמדנו שאין מפירין נדרים לא רכוב ולא מהלך ולא עומד אלא יושב

it is permitted to derive benefit<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The recipient of the loaf would naturally be grateful for the gift and likely to repay it by some other act of kindness.');">¹⁸</span> from a heathen's leavened bread after the Passover.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is forbidden in the case of an Israelite's leavened bread.');">¹⁹</span> When he<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Gamaliel.');">²⁰</span>

קתני מיהת שלשה מילין שאני יין האיטלקי דמשכר טפי

arrived at Chezib a man approached him and asked for his vow to be absolved.' Have we', he' asked the person who accompanied him,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Ila'i.');">²¹</span> 'perchance drunk a quarter of a log of Italian wine? ' 'Yes', the other replied.'

והאמר רב נחמן אמר רבה בר אבוה לא שנו אלא ששתה רביעית אבל שתה יותר מרביעית כל שכן דרך טורדתו ושינה משכרתו

In that case', he said: 'let him walk behind us until the effect of our wine i removed'. The man walked behind them for three mils until he<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Gamaliel.');">²⁰</span> reached the Ladder of Tyre.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Scala Tyriorum, a promontory south of Tyre.');">²²</span>

רכוב שאני השתא דאתית להכי לרמי בר אבא נמי לא קשיא רכוב שאני

Having arrived at the Ladder of Tyre, R'Gamaliel alighted from his ass, wrapped himself in his cloak, sat down and disallowed his vow. At that time we learned many things: We learned that a quarter of a log of Italian wine causes intoxication; that an intoxicated man may not decide legal questions; that a journey causes the effects of wine to be removed, and that absolution from vows may not be granted while riding, walking, or standing, but must be done sitting. At all events, were not 'Three mils' mentioned here?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' How then could Rami b. Abba maintain that a one mil's walk is enough?');">²³</span>

איני והאמר רב נחמן מפירין נדרים בין מהלך בין עומד ובין רכוב

- Italian wine is different<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From other wines.');">²⁴</span> since its powers of intoxication are greater.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hence a longer journey is necessary.');">²⁵</span> But did not R'Nahman state in the name of Rabbah B'Abbuha, 'This applies only to one who has drunk one quarter of a log, but if one has drunk more than a quarter, a walk would only cause him more fatigue, and sleep would produce more intoxication'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And since Italian wine is stronger than others one quarter of a log of it would have the same effect as a larger quantity of the others.');">²⁶</span>

תנאי היא דאיכא למאן דאמר פותחין בחרטה

- A rider is in a different position.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From that of a pedestrian. The injurious consequences of a walk would not affect him.');">²⁷</span> Now that you have arrived at this,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To the drawing of a distinction between riding and walking.');">²⁸</span> no objection<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the statement that three mils are necessary to remove the influence of drink.');">²⁹</span>

ואיכא למאן דאמר אין פותחין בחרטה

can be raised against Rami B'Abba<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who spoke of one mil only.');">³⁰</span> either, since a rider is in a different position.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' While for a pedestrian one mil is sufficient, a rider, whose exertion is less, requires three mils.');">³¹</span> But [the law,]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' With reference to the absolution of vows.');">³²</span>

דאמר רבה בר בר חנה אמר רבי יוחנן מאי פתח ליה רבן גמליאל לההוא גברא (משלי יב, יח) יש בוטה כמדקרות חרב ולשון חכמים מרפא כל הבוטה ראוי לדוקרו בחרב אלא שלשון חכמים מרפא

surely, is not so; for did not R'Nahman say: Absolution from vows may be granted while walking, standing or riding?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ned. 77b.');">³³</span> - This is a point at issue between Tannas, one<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' With whom R. Gamaliel is in agreement.');">³⁴</span> holding that<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Before a Sage may absolve one from a vow.');">³⁵</span>

אמר מר ואין מעבירין על האוכלין אמר רבי יוחנן משום רבי שמעון בן יוחאי לא שנו אלא בדורות הראשונים שאין בנות ישראל פרוצות בכשפים אבל בדורות האחרונים שבנות ישראל פרוצות בכשפים מעבירין

an opening for regret must be discovered<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. a valid ground must be found to make the man regret his vow from the very outset. In order to discover such a ground careful thinking is necessary and this is only possible when one is comfortably seated.');">³⁶</span> while the other<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who allows the granting of absolution in any position.');">³⁷</span> holds that no opening for regret is required;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Absolution may be granted to any person who applies for it irrespective of whether he regrets ever having made the vow or not.');">³⁸</span>

תנא שלימין מעבירין פתיתין אין מעבירין אמר ליה רב אסי לרב אשי ואפתיתין לא עבדן והכתיב (יחזקאל יג, יט) ותחללנה אותי אל עמי בשעלי שעורים ובפתותי לחם דשקלי באגרייהו

for<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As proof that R. Gamaliel holds the same view as the former Tanna.');">³⁹</span> Rabbah B'Bar Hana related in the name of R'Johanan: what opening did R'Gamaliel suggest to that man? There is that speaketh like the piercings of a sword, but the tongue of the wise is health,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Prov. Xli, 18.');">⁴⁰</span>

אמר רב ששת משום רבי אלעזר בן עזריה

he 'that speaketh' a vow deserves to be pierced by the sword,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because he might not be able to fulfil his obligations.');">⁴¹</span> 'but the tongue of the wise<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That of the Sage who grants absolution.');">⁴²</span> is health'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He restores the sinner to a healthy moral condition. With this exposition R. Gamaliel was able to convince the man of his folly and to make his express his sincere regrets for ever having made his vow.');">⁴³</span> The Master said that 'eatables may not be passed by'. R'Johanan laid down in the name of R'Simeon B'Yohai: This applies only to the earlier generations when the daughters of Israel did not freely indulge<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'broken through'.');">⁴⁴</span> in witchcraft, but in the later generations when the daughters of Israel freely indulged in witchcraft one may pass them by. A Tanna taught: Whole loaves<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since witchcraft may be suspected.');">⁴⁵</span> may be passed by but not crumbs. Said R'Assi to R'Ashi: But do they not practise witchcraft with crumbs? Is it not in fact written in Scripture: And ye have profaned Me<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By the practice of witchcraft (v. Rashi) .');">⁴⁶</span> among My People for handfuls of barley and for crumbs of bread?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ezek. XIII, 19.');">⁴⁷</span> - These<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The 'crumbs' mentioned by Ezekiel.');">⁴⁸</span> they received as a fee.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For their services in the art of witchcraft. With these crumbs, however, no witchcraft was performed.');">⁴⁹</span> R'Shesheth citing R'Eleazar B'Azariah observed: