Eruvin 130

אי נשפך בביתו כמים איכא ברכה ואי לא לא

If, therefore, it is poured in one's house like water that house has attained to the state of<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'there is'.');">¹</span> blessedness, otherwise it has not.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'and if not, not');">²</span> R'Ila'i said: By three things may a person's character be determined: By his cup,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. by the effect of drink on his mind, or by the amount he consumes.');">⁴</span>

א"ר אילעאי בשלשה דברים אדם ניכר בכוסו ובכיסו ובכעסו ואמרי ליה אף בשחקו:

by his purse<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The sums of money he spends on charitable causes or the manner of his dealing in money matters.');">⁵</span> and by his anger; and some say: By his laughter also. Rab Judah stated in the name of Rab: An Israelite and a heathen once lived in the inner of two courtyards and one Israelite lived in the outer one,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Through which the tenants of the former had a right of passage.');">⁶</span>

אמר רב יהודה אמר רב ישראל ונכרי בפנימית וישראל בחיצונה בא מעשה לפני רבי ואסר ולפני ר' חייא ואסר

and when the case<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of the permissibility of the movement of objects on the Sabbath in the outer courtyard.');">⁷</span> came up for discussion before Rabbi he forbade the use of the latter,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the movement of objects in it is forbidden on the Sabbath unless in addition to a joint 'erub by the two Israelites the heathen has also let his share in it to its tenant. vherp hvka');">⁸</span> and when it was submitted to R'Hiyya he also forbade its use.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the movement of objects in it is forbidden on the Sabbath unless in addition to a joint 'erub by the two Israelites the heathen has also let his share in it to its tenant. vherp hvka');">⁸</span>

יתוב רבה ורב יוסף בשילהי פירקיה דרב ששת ויתיב רב ששת וקאמר כמאן אמרה רב לשמעתיה כר' מאיר כרכיש רבה רישיה

Rabbah and R'Joseph were once sitting at the end [of a discourse] of R'Shesheth's session<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [ ; the phrase seems to be a technical phrase denoting a special session at the end of a series of lectures devoted to the reviewing of the conclusions reached during the course, v. Kaplan J., The Redaction of the Babylonian Talmud, p. 257.].');">⁹</span> when the latter on sitting down suggested that<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'like whom?'');">¹⁰</span> Rab explained his traditional ruling to be in agreement with the view of R'Meir;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The author of the ruling in the first clause of our Mishnah which restricts the use of a courtyard in which a heathen lived even if no more than one Israelite lived in it with him.');">¹¹</span>

אמר רב יוסף תרי גברי רברבי כרבנן ליטעו בהאי מילתא אי כרבי מאיר למה לי ישראל בחיצונה

and Rabbah nodded his head.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In consent.');">¹²</span> 'That two great men',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So MS.M. Cur. edd. add., 'like our Rabbis'.');">¹³</span> exclaimed R'Joseph,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' MS. M. 'Abaye'.');">¹⁴</span>

וכי תימא מעשה שהיה כך היה והא בעו מיניה מרב פנימי במקומו מהו ואמר להן מותר

'should make a mistake in such a simple thing! If the ruling is in agreement with R'Meir why was it required that all Israelite shall live in th outer courtyard?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To bring up the number of Israelites to two. According to R. Meir (cf. supra p. 455, n. 14) the heathen would have imposed the restrictions even in there had been only the one Israelite in his courtyard.');">¹⁵</span> And should you reply that the case just happened to be of such a mature, was not Rab asked, [it could be pointed out,] whether the inner Israelite tenant could use his own place<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the inner courtyard, sc. may he move objects from his house into that courtyard and vice versa?');">¹⁶</span> and he replied that he was permitted? '<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which shows that the prohibition is restricted to that courtyard alone in which no less than two Israelites have a share. How then could it be suggested that the ruling was in agreement with R. Meir.');">¹⁷</span>

ואלא מאי כר"א בן יעקב האמר עד שיהו שני ישראלים אוסרין זה על זה

- In agreement with whose view then?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Did Rab explain his reported ruling.');">¹⁸</span> Is it suggested to be in agreement with that of R'Eliezer B'Jacob?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The author of the ruling in the second clause of our MISHNAH:');">¹⁹</span> Did he not, [it may be retorted,] rule:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That a heathen causes no restrictions.');">²⁰</span>

אלא כר"ע דאמר רגל המותרת במקומה אוסרת שלא במקומה

UNLESS THERE ARE TWO ISRAELITES WHO IMPOSE RESTRICTIONS UPON EACH OTHER?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As the two Israelites do not live in the same courtyard, and as the inner tenant is permitted to use his own courtyard, the latter could impose no restrictions upon the former. Why then was the use of the outer courtyard forbidden?');">²¹</span> - Is it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rab's reported ruling under discussion.');">²²</span> then in agreement with R'Akiba who ruled: A man who is permitted freedom of movement in his own place<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As is the Israelite in the inner courtyard.');">²³</span>

למה לי נכרי אפילו ישראל נמי

causes the restriction of free movement on others in a place that is not his?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra 59b, q.v. notes; and since the two Israelites thus impose restrictions upon each other the heathen also imposes restrictions upon them.');">²⁴</span> What need was there,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For the imposition of restrictions,');">²⁵</span> [it may be asked,] to have a heathen,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the inner courtyard.');">²⁶</span>

אמר רב הונא בריה דרב יהושע לעולם כר' אליעזר בן יעקב וכרבי עקיבא והכא במאי עסקינן כגון שעירבו וטעמא דאיכא נכרי דאסיר אבל ליכא נכרי לא אסיר

seeing that even one Israelite alone would have imposed the restrictions? - R'Huna son of R'Joshua replied: The ruling<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rab's reported ruling under discussion.');">²²</span> in fact is in agreement with R'Eliezer B'Jacob<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That only where two Israelites impose restrictions upon each other does a heathen's tenancy affect their rights to the use of their courtyard. Hence it is well permitted to the only Israelite in the inner court freely to use that courtyard in which he lives.');">²⁷</span> and R'Akiba,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to whose view the inner Israelite tenant, though he may freely use his own courtyard, imposes restrictions on the use of the outer courtyard.');">²⁸</span>

בעא מיניה רבי אליעזר מרב ישראל ונכרי בחיצונה וישראל בפנימית מהו התם טעמא משום דשכיח דדייר דמירתת נכרי וסבר השתא אתי ישראל ואמר לי ישראל דהוה גבך היכא

but<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The reason why the tenancy of a heathen is required if restrictions are to be imposed.');">²⁹</span> here we are dealing with a case where [the two Israelites] joined in an 'erub. Hence the reason of the prohibition that there was a heathen<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who impairs the validity of the 'erub of the Israelites.');">³⁰</span>

אבל הכא אמינא ליה נפק אזל ליה

who imposed the restrictions, but where there was no heathen there is none to impose restrictions upon them. R'Eleazar<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. marg. glos. Cur. edd., 'Eliezer'.');">³¹</span> enquired of Rab: What is your ruling where all Israelite and a heathen lived in the outer courtyard and one Israelite lived in the inner one?

או דילמא ה"נ מירתת דסבר השתא אתי ישראל וחזי לי

[Is the enactment<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That a heathen tenant imposes restrictions on his Israelite neighbours.');">³²</span> applicable only] there,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the previous case where an Israelite and a heathen lived in the inner courtyard and one Israelite lived in the outer one.');">³³</span> for the reason that it is usual<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the circumstances described (cf. prev. n.) .');">³⁴</span>

א"ל (משלי ט, ט) תן לחכם ויחכם עוד

[for an Israelite] to live [with a heathen] since [the former knows] that the heathen would be afraid [to use violence against him] as he expects the other Israelite<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who lived in the outer courtyard.');">³⁵</span> to come and demand,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'now the Israelite would come and say to me'.');">³⁶</span> 'Where is that Israelite that lived with you? '<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He could not shake since his way out could only he through the outer courtyard where its tenant would have seen him.');">³⁷</span>

ר"ל ותלמידי דרבי חנינא איקלעו לההוא פונדק ולא הוה שוכר והוה משכיר

but [not] here where the heathen could well reply,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'I would say to him',');">³⁸</span> 'He went out and disappeared';<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As no Israelite would in such circumstances venture to live with a heathen in the same courtyard no enactment (cf. supra n. 3) was deemed necessary.');">³⁹</span> or is it likely [that the enactment extended also to such a case since] here also [the heathen would be] afraid [to, use violence against his neighbour] as he imagines that the Israelite<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The tenant of the inner courtyard.');">⁴⁰</span>

אמרו מהו למיגר מיניה כל היכא דלא מצי מסליק ליה לא תיבעי לך דלא אגרינא כי תיבעי היכא דמצי מסליק ליה

might at any moment pass<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Through the outer courtyard on his way out.');">⁴¹</span> and detect him in the act?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'come and see me'.');">⁴²</span> - The other replied: Give to a wise man, and he will be yet wiser.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Prov. IX, 9; Sc. the enactment applied to the latter, as well as to the former case.');">⁴³</span>

מאי כיון דמצי מסליק אגרינא או דילמא השתא מיהא הא לא סלקיה

Resh Lakish and the students of R'Hanina once happened to be in a certain inn<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the courtyard of which lived two Israelites and one heathen who rented his house from a fellow heathen.');">⁴⁴</span> while its tenant was away but its landlord was present.' Is it proper',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'what is it?'');">⁴⁵</span>

אמר להן ריש לקיש נשכור ולכשנגיע אצל רבותינו שבדרום נשאל להן אתו שיילו לר' אפס אמר להן יפה עשיתם ששכרתם

they discussed, 'to rent from him<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The landlord.');">⁴⁶</span> [the heathen's share in the courtyard]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In order that the movement of objects in it shall be permitted on the Sabbath even if the leaseholder returned before the termination of the Sabbath.');">⁴⁷</span> Wherever the landlord is not entitled to terminate the lease<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Before the clay of its expiration. Lit., 'remove him'.');">⁴⁸</span>

רבי חנינא בר יוסף ור' חייא בר אבא ור' אסי איקלעו לההוא פונדק דאתא נכרי מרי דפונדק בשבתא אמרו מהו למיגר מיניה שוכר כמערב דמי מה מערב מבעוד יום אף שוכר מבעוד יום

there could be no question that we must not rent it; the question arises only where he is entitled to terminate it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Before the clay of its expiration. Lit., 'remove him'.');">⁴⁸</span> May we rent it because he has the power to terminate the lease or is it possible that, since at present at any rate he did not yet terminate it, we may not rent it? ' - Resh Lakish said to them: 'Let us<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since doubtful points in respect of the laws of 'erub are to be decided in favour of the more lenient view.');">⁴⁹</span> rent it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And thus be entitled to the unrestricted use of the courtyard.');">⁵⁰</span>

או דילמא שוכר כמבטל רשות דמי מה מבטל רשות ואפילו בשבת אף שוכר ואפילו בשבת

and when we arrive at our Masters in the South we might submit the question to them'. On submitting the question<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'they came, asked'.');">⁵¹</span> to R'Afes he replied: 'You have acted well in renting it'.

רבי חנינא בר יוסף אמר נשכור ור' אסי אמר לא נשכור אמר להו ר' חייא בר אבא נסמוך על דברי זקן ונשכור אתו שיילו ליה לרבי יוחנן אמר להן

R'Hanina<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' MS.M. 'Rabbah'.');">⁵²</span> B'Joseph, R'Hiyya B'Abba and K. Assi once happened to come to a certain inn whither<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' After they had duly prepared their 'erub on the Sabbath eve.');">⁵³</span> a heathen, the owner of the inn, had returned on the Sabbath.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' No question would have arisen if he had not returned since a heathen's right in a courtyard is disregarded in his absence in the case of 'erub. (Cf. R. Judah's ruling supra 86a) .');">⁵⁴</span> 'Is it permissible',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'what is it?'');">⁵⁵</span> they discoursed, 'to rent from him his share? Is the law of renting like that of the preparation of an 'erub,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'is one who rents like one who prepares an 'erub'.');">⁵⁶</span> so that as an 'erub must be prepared while it is yet day,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of the Sabbath eve.');">⁵⁷</span> must renting take place while it is yet day;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of the Sabbath eve.');">⁵⁷</span> or is the law of renting like tha of the renunciation of one's domain, so that as the right to one's domain may be renounced even on the Sabbath<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra 69b.');">⁵⁸</span> so may renting also take place on the Sabbath? '<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And consequently one of them at least in whose favour all the others would renounce their rights could rent the heathen's share and thus be entitled to the unrestricted use of the courtyard. [This is not treated as a commercial transaction but as the presentation of a mere gift, since its vph sole object is to permit the movement of objects; Tosaf. 66a, s.v. ].');">⁵⁹</span> R'Hanina B'Joseph said: 'Let us rent it', while R'Assi said: 'Let us not rent it'.' Let us', said R'Hiyya B'Abba to them, 'rely on the words of the old man and rent it'. When they subsequently came to R'Johanan and submitted the question to him he told them: