Eruvin 145

מקום פיתא ושמואל אמר מקום לינה

One's dining-place.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'place of bread'.');">¹</span> and Samuel explained: One's night's lodging place. An objection was raised: Shepherds, summer fruit attendants,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Or 'fruit pickers', 'watchmen for drying figs'.');">²</span> station house-keepers and fruit watchmen have<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though they were in the field when the Sabbath began.');">³</span>

מיתיבי הרועים והקייצין והבורגנין ושומרי פירות בזמן שדרכן ללין בעיר הרי הן כאנשי העיר בזמן שדרכן ללין בשדה יש להם אלפים לכל רוח

the same status as the townspeople<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In whose vicinity they carry on their occupations. They, like the people of the town, are allowed to move in any part of the town and along distances of two thousand cubits in any of its directions.');">⁴</span> if they are in the habit of taking their night's rest in the town,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where they have their Sabbath meal.');">⁵</span> but if they are in the habit of spending the night in the fields<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though they dine in town.');">⁶</span> they are only entitled to walk a distance of two thousand cubits in all directions?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From their lodging-places. How then could Rab maintain that the meaning of 'dwelling-place' is 'one's dining-place'?');">⁷</span>

התם אנן סהדי דאי ממטו להו ריפתא התם טפי ניחא להו

- In that case<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Spoken of in the Baraitha just cited.');">⁸</span> we are witnesses that they would have been more pleased if bread had been brought to them there.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Into the field where they are spending the night. It is for this reason only that their dining-place in the town is disregarded.');">⁹</span> Said R'Joseph, 'l have never heard this tradition'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of Rab. R. Joseph having lost his memory after a serious illness was often making this remark.');">¹⁰</span> 'You yourself', Abaye reminded him, 'have told it to us, and you said it in connection with the following: BROTHERS WHO WERE EATING AT THEIR FATHER'S TABLE BUT SLEPT IN THEIR OWN HOUSES MUST EACH CONTRIBUTE A SHARE TO THE 'ERUB, concerning which we asked you: Does this then imply that the night's lodging-place is the cause of the obligation of 'erub?

אמר רב יוסף לא שמיע לי הא שמעתא אמר ליה אביי את אמרת ניהלן ואהא אמרת ניהלן האחין שהיו אוכלין על שלחן אביהן וישנים בבתיהן צריכין עירוב לכל אחד ואחד ואמרינן לך שמע מינה מקום לינה גורם ואמרת לן עלה אמר רב יהודה אמר רב במקבלי פרס שנו

And you, in reply to this question, told us: Rab Judah citing Rab replied: This was learnt only in respect of such as receive a maintenance allowance'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra p. 506, nn. 6ff.');">¹¹</span> Our Rabbis taught: Where a man has five wives who are in receipt of a maintenance allowance from their husband<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And each one lives in a separate house in his courtyard.');">¹²</span> or five slaves who are in receipt of a maintenance allowance from their Master,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And each one lives in a separate house in his courtyard.');">¹²</span> R'Judah B'Bathyra permits [unrestricted movement]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even if no 'erub had been prepared.');">¹³</span>

תנו רבנן מי שיש לו חמש נשים מקבלות פרס מבעליהן וחמשה עבדים מקבלין פרס מרביהן רבי יהודה בן בתירה מתיר בנשים ואוסר בעבדים

in the case of the wives<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since each one is deemed to be intimately associated with her husband's house.');">¹⁴</span> but forbids it in the case of the slaves,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who are not so intimately connected with their master.');">¹⁵</span> while R'Judah B'Baba permits this in the case of slaves but forbids it in the case of the wives. Sai Rab, what is R'Judah B'Baba's reason?

רבי יהודה בן בבא מתיר בעבדים ואוסר בנשים

The fact that it is written in Scripture: But Daniel was in the gate of the king.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Dan. II, 49; implying that wherever Daniel (the king's servant) was he was regarded as being 'in the gate of the king' i.e., at the king's house; and the same applies to slaves in relation to their master,');">¹⁶</span> It is obvious that a son in relation to his father is subject to the ruling here enunciated.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'as it has been said', cf, our MISHNAH:');">¹⁷</span> [The Status of] a wife in relation to her husband and a slave in relation to his master is a point at issue between R'Judah B'Bathyra and R'Judah B'Baba.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As has just been stated.');">¹⁸</span> What, however, [is the status of] a student in relation to his master?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where the former is in receipt of a maintenance grant from the latter and lives with him in the same courtyard but in a separate house.');">¹⁹</span>

אמר רב מאי טעמא דרבי יהודה בן בבא דכתיב (דניאל ב, מט) ודניאל בתרע מלכא

- Come and hear what Rab when at the school of R'Hiyya<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From whom he was receiving a maintenance grant.');">²⁰</span> stated: 'We need not prepare an 'erub since we virtually dine<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'rely'. 'are supported'.');">²¹</span> at R'Hiyya's table'; and R'Hiyya, when he was at the school of Rabbi, stated: 'We need not prepare an 'erub since we virtually dine<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'rely'. 'are supported'.');">²¹</span> at Rabbi's table.'

פשיטא בן אצל אביו כדאמרן אשה אצל בעלה ועבד אצל רבו פלוגתא דרבי יהודה בן בתירה ורבי יהודה בן בבא תלמיד אצל רבו מאי

Abaye enquired of Rabbah: If five residents<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of the same courtyard.');">²²</span> collected their contributions to their 'erub<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For the courtyard in which they lived.');">²³</span> and desired to transfer it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'when they carry their 'erub'.');">²⁴</span> to another place,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., to another courtyard with whose residents they wish to join in 'erub.');">²⁵</span>

ת"ש דרב בי רבי חייא אמר אין אנו צריכין לערב שהרי אנו סומכין על שולחנו של רבי חייא ורבי חייא בי רבי אמר אין אנו צריכין לערב שהרי אנו סומכין על שולחנו של רבי

does one 'erub contribution suffice for all of them<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. may one of them carry that 'erub (to which they had all contributed) or the prescribed quantity of food of his own (on behalf of all of them) to the courtyard with the tenants of which they desire to join?');">²⁶</span> or is it necessary for each one to make a separate contribution to the 'erub?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Abaye must never have heard of the Baraitha, supra 72b which deals with this very question; or, if he was acquainted with it, was desirous of ascertaining whether it represented the halachah, since, as was stated supra, it either agreed with none or only with Beth Hillel.');">²⁷</span> - He replied: One 'erub contribution suffices for all of them. But, surely, BROTHERS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who 'NEED NOT PREPARE ANY 'ERUB' where 'THERE ARE NO OTHER TENANTS WITH THEM IN THE COURTYARD'.');">²⁸</span>

בעא מיניה אביי מרבה חמשה שגבו את עירובן כשמוליכין את עירובן למקום אחר עירוב אחד לכולן או צריכין עירוב לכל אחד ואחד אמר ליה עירוב אחד לכולן

are like residents who collected their contributions<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who also need not prepare any other 'erub.');">²⁹</span> and yet was it not stated: MUST EACH CONTRIBUTE A SHARE TO THE 'ERUB?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If they desired to join in 'erub with other tenants. How then could Rabbah maintain that one 'erub contribution, which only places the tenants in the same position as the brothers, is sufficient?');">³⁰</span> - Here<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The ruling in our Mishnah concerning the brothers.');">³¹</span> we are dealing with a case where other tenants, for instance, lived with them,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the same courtyard.');">³²</span>

והא אחין דכי גבו דמו וקתני צריכין עירוב לכל אחד ואחד הכא במאי עסקינן כגון דאיכא דיורין בהדייהו דמגו דהני אסרי הני נמי אסרי

so that [it may be said:] Since these<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The tenants in the same courtyard.');">³³</span> impose restrictions<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Unless an 'erub is prepared.');">³⁴</span> those<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the other courtyard with whom they now desire to join.');">³⁵</span> also impose them.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Unless each brother makes an independent contribution to the new 'erub. In the case, however, of two courtyards for each of which an independent 'erub had been prepared by its tenants, or in that of two courtyards in one of which live a father and sons (who require no 'erub) and in the other an 'erub had been prepared by its tenants, so that the residents of each courtyard independently are permitted unrestricted movement within it, the principle of 'since these impose . . those also impose' is obviously inapplicable (since no one imposes restrictions upon the others) , and consequently one 'erub taken by one of the tenants to the other courtyard suffices for all the tenants of his own courtyard.');">³⁶</span>

הכי נמי מסתברא דקתני אימתי בזמן שמוליכין את עירובן במקום אחר אבל אם היה עירובן בא אצלם או שאין דיורין עמהן בחצר אין צריכין לערב שמע מינה

This may also be supported by a process of reasoning. For it was stated: WHEN DOES THIS APPLY? WHEN THEY CARRY THEIR 'ERUB INTO SOME OTHER PLACE BUT IF THEIR 'ERUB IS DEPOSITED WITH THEM OR IF THERE ARE NO OTHER TENANTS WITH THEM IN THE COURTYARD<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To impose restrictions upon them.');">³⁷</span> THEY NEED NOT PREPARE ANY 'ERUB.

בעא מיניה רב חייא בר אבין מרב ששת בני בי רב דאכלי נהמא בבאגא ואתו ובייתי בבי רב כי משחינן להו תחומא מבי רב משחינן להו או מבאגא משחינן להו אמר ליה משחינן מבי רב

This is conclusive. R'Hiyya B'Abin enquired of R'Shesheth: in the case of students who have their meals<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., who eat bread'.');">³⁸</span> in the country, but come to spend their nights at the schoolhouse<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is in town, the distance between which and their dining quarters is not greater than two thousand cubits.');">³⁹</span> do we measure their Sabbath limit from the Schoolhouse<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because it is the place where their nights are spent, in agreement with the view of Samuel supra.');">⁴⁰</span>

והרי נותן את עירובו בתוך אלפים אמה ואתי וביית בביתיה דמשחינן ליה תחומא מעירוביה

or from their country quarters?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where they have their meals, in agreement with Rab.');">⁴¹</span> He replied: We measure it from the schoolhouse.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because it is the place where their nights are spent, in agreement with the view of Samuel supra.');">⁴⁰</span> Behold, [the first objected], the case of the man who deposits his 'erub within two thousand cubits<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From his town.');">⁴²</span> and comes to take his night's rest at his house whose Sabbath limit is measured from his 'erub!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And not from the place where his night is spent. How then could it be maintained that the students' Sabbath limit is measured from their schoolhouse because they spend their nights there?');">⁴³</span>

בההוא אנן סהדי ובהדא אנן סהדי בההוא אנן סהדי דאי מיתדר ליה התם ניחא ליה ובהדא אנן סהדי דאי מייתו להו ריפתא לבי רב ניחא להו טפי

- In that case,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That of the man who deposits his 'erub outside the town and spends the night within it.');">⁴⁴</span> [the other replied,] we are witnesses, and in this case<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of the students under discussion.');">⁴⁵</span> also we are witnesses. In that case<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That of the man who deposits his 'erub outside the town and spends the night within it.');">⁴⁴</span>

בעי רמי בר חמא מרב חסדא אב ובנו הרב ותלמידו כרבים דמו או כיחידים דמו צריכין עירוב או אין צריכין עירוב מבוי שלהן ניתר בלחי וקורה או אין ניתר בלחי וקורה

we are witnesses' that if he could live there<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where his 'erub is deposited.');">⁴⁶</span> he<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since it is his intention to go on the Sabbath in that direction of the town.');">⁴⁷</span> would have preferred it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In order that he might be nearer to his goal when he starts on his walk on the Sabbath day.');">⁴⁸</span> and 'in this case<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of the students under discussion.');">⁴⁵</span>

א"ל תניתוה אב ובנו הרב ותלמידו בזמן שאין עמהן דיורין הרי הן כיחידים ואין צריכין לערב ומבוי שלהן ניתר בלחי וקורה:

also we are witnesses that if their meals<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'bread'.');">⁴⁹</span> had been brought to them at the schoolhouse they would have much preferred it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hence the ruling that their Sabbath limit is measured from the schoolhouse.');">⁵⁰</span> Rami B'Hama enquired of R'Hisda: Are a father and his son or a master and his disciple regarded<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the case of two courtyards one within the other where the tenants of the inner one have a right of way through the outer one.');">⁵¹</span> as many<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that if they resided in the inner one they impose restrictions on the use of the outer one even though the latter had prepared an 'erub among themselves (cf. infra 75a) .');">⁵²</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> חמש חצירות פתוחות זו לזו ופתוחות למבוי עירבו בחצירות ולא נשתתפו במבוי מותרין בחצירות ואסורין במבוי

or as one individual?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who (cf. prev. n.) imposes no restrictions on the use of the outer courtyard.');">⁵³</span> Do they<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If they are the only tenants.');">⁵⁴</span> require an 'erub or not? Can the use of their alley<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where one of them resided in one courtyard and the other in another courtyard in the same alley.');">⁵⁵</span> be permitted by means of a side-post or cross-beam<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As if two courtyards opened out into it. No side-post or cross-beam is effective in an alley unless 'houses and courtyards' open into it.');">⁵⁶</span> or not?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The courtyards of a father and his son or a master and disciple being regarded as a single courtyard (cf. prev. n. second clause) .');">⁵⁷</span> - He replied: You have learnt it: A father and his son or a master and his disciple, if no other tenants live with them,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the same courtyard.');">⁵⁸</span> are regarded as one individual,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra n. 10.');">⁵⁹</span> they require no 'erub, and the use of their alley<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where one of them resided in one courtyard and the other in another courtyard in the same alley.');">⁵⁵</span> may be rendered permissible by means of a side-post or cross-beam.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As if two courtyards opened out into it. No side-post or cross-beam is effective in an alley unless 'houses and courtyards' open into it.');">⁵⁶</span> <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>IF FIVE COURTYARDS OPENED INTO EACH OTHER AND INTO AN ALLEY,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., each had two doors one of which led to the other courtyards and the other opened direct into the alley.');">⁶⁰</span> AND AN 'ERUB WAS PREPARED FOR THE COURTYARDS BUT NO SHITTUF WAS MADE FOR THE ALLEY, THE TENANTS ARE PERMITTED THE UNRESTRICTED USE OF THE COURTYARDS BUT FORBIDDEN THAT OF THE ALLEY.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because an 'erub cannot serve the purposes of both 'erub and shittuf.');">⁶¹</span>