Eruvin 151

Chapter 151

א זה נעשה בית שער לזה וזה נעשה בית שער לזה אמצעי הוה ליה בית שמניחין בו עירוב ואין צריך ליתן את הפת

1 The one [outer house] thereby becomes1 a gate-house to the one [courtyard]2 and the other [outer house] becomes1

ב בדיק להו רחבה לרבנן ב' חצרות וב' בתים ביניהם זה בא דרך זה ונתן עירובו בזה וזה בא דרך זה ונתן עירובו בזה קנו עירוב או לא מי משוי' להו לגבי דהאי בית ולגבי דהאי בית שער [ולגבי דהאי בית שער ולגבי דהאי בית]

2 a gate-house to the other [courtyard]2 while the middle house, being the house in which the 'erub is deposited, need not contribute any bread to the 'erub. Rehaba tested the Rabbis: If there were two courtyards and between them two houses3

ג אמרו ליה שניהן לא קנו עירוב מה נפשך אי בית שער משוית ליה הנותן את עירובו בבית שער אכסדרה ומרפסת אינו עירוב אי בית משוית ליה קא מטלטל לבית דלא מערב ליה

3 and a tenant4 of the one [courtyard] came through the one [house] and deposited his 'erub in the other5 while a tenant6

ד ומאי שנא מדרבא דאמר רבא אמרו לו שנים צא וערב עלינו לאחד עירב עליו מבעוד יום ולא' עירב עליו בין השמשות זה שעירב עליו מבעוד יום נאכל עירובו בין השמשות וזה שעירב עליו בין השמשות נאכל עירובו משתחשך שניהם קנו עירוב

4 of the other [courtyard] came through the latter [house] and deposited his 'erub in the former, do they7 thereby acquire the privileges of 'erub8 or not?

ה הכי השתא התם ספק יממא ספק ליליא לא מינכרא מילתא אבל הכא אי דלגבי דהאי בית לגבי דהאי בית אי לגבי דהאי בית שער לגבי דהאי נמי בית שער:

5 Do we regard each house in relation to the one [courtyard]9 as a house and in relation to the other [courtyard]10 as a gate-house?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And both 'erubs are consequently valid. If both houses had been regarded as gate-houses neither 'erub (cf. infra 85b) would have been valid, and even if both houses had been regarded as proper houses neither 'erub would have been valid since in the case of each house the other that was lot covered by the 'erub intervened between it and the courtyard for which the 'erub had been prepared.');">11

ו <big>הדרן עלך הדר</big>

6 - Both,12 they replied, do not acquire the privileges of 'erub. For, whatever you assume, [this must be the result].

ז מתני׳ <big>חלון</big> שבין ב' חצירות ד' על ד' בתוך עשרה מערבין שנים ואם רצו מערבין א'

7 If you regard either house as a gate-house, 'an 'erub deposited in a gate-house, exedra or balcony is not a valid 'erub';13 and if you regard either as a proper house, the tenants would be carrying objects into a house which was not covered by their 'erub.14 But why should this ruling be different from that of Raba,15

ח פחות מד' על ד' או למעלה מי' מערבין שנים ואין מערבין אחד:

8 who laid down: If two persons said to a third party, 'Go and prepare an 'erub on our behalf' and, after he had prepared an 'erub for the one while it was yet day16 and for the other at twilight,16 the 'erub of the man for whom it was prepared while it was yet day was eaten up at twilight while the 'erub of the man for whom it was prepared at twilight was eaten up after dusk, both17

ט <big>גמ׳</big> לימא תנן סתמא כר"ש בן גמליאל דאמר כל פחות מד' כלבוד דמי

9 acquire the privileges<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the former case it is assumed that twilight is night and, since the 'erub was in existence before twilight when the Sabbath commenced, the 'erub is valid. In the latter case it is assumed that twilight is still day and, since the 'erub was prepared before twilight and was still in existence when the Sabbath commenced, the 'erub is valid. Now why, it is asked, if twilight is here assumed to be day for one individual and night for another could not a house also be assumed to be a gate-house for one and a proper house for another?');">18 of 'erub?19 - What a comparison!20

י אפי' תימא כרבנן עד כאן לא פליגי רבנן עליה דרשב"ג אלא לענין לבודין אבל לענין פתחא אפי' רבנן מודו דאי איכא ד' על ד' חשיב ואי לא לא חשיב:

10 There21 it is doubtful whether twilight is day-time or night-time, a point that cannot be definitely determined;22 but, in this case, a house is to be regarded as a proper house in relation to the former it must be so regarded in relation to the latter also, and if it is regarded in relation to the latter as a gate-house it must also be so regarded in rela to the former.23

יא פחות מד' וכו': פשיטא כיון דאמר ד' על ד' בתוך עשרה ממילא אנא ידענא דפחות מד' ולמעלה מי' לא

11 <big>MISHNAH: </big>IF BETWEEN TWO COURTYARDS24 THERE WAS A WINDOW OF FOUR HANDBREADTHS BY FOUR, WITHIN TEN HANDBREADTHS FROM THE GROUND, THE TENANTS MAY PREPARE TWO 'ERUBS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' One for each courtyard, to enable the respective tenants to have the unrestricted use of their courtyard. The movement of objects from one courtyard into the other, however, remains forbidden.');">25 OR, IF THEY PREFER, THEY MAY PREPARE ONE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Jointly. The tenants of one courtyard deposit their 'erub in the other and, by thus joining together, both groups of tenants are permitted the unrestricted use of both courtyards.');">26

יב הא קמ"ל טעמא דכוליה למעלה מי' אבל מקצתו בתוך י' מערבין שנים ואם רצו מערבין אחד

12 IF [THE SIZE OF THE WINDOW WAS] LESS THAN FOUR HANDBREADTHS BY FOUR27 OR HIGHER THAN TEN HANDBREADTHS FROM THE GROUND,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that a portion of the dividing wall to a height of ten handbreadths contained no valid opening through which the tenants could gain access from one courtyard into the other.');">28 TWO 'ERUBS MAY BE PREPARED<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' One for each courtyard, to enable the respective tenants to have the unrestricted use of their courtyard. The movement of objects from one courtyard into the other, however, remains forbidden.');">25

יג תנינא להא דת"ר כולו למעלה מי' ומקצתו בתוך עשרה כולו בתוך י' ומקצתו למעלה מי' מערבין שנים ואם רצו מערבין אחד

13 BUT NOT ONE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the wall (cf. prev. n.) constitutes a solid partition between the courtyards. It is consequently forbidden to move objects between the courtyards either over the wall or through any small apertures or cracks in it.');">29 <big>GEMARA: </big>Must it be assumed that we have here learnt30 an anonymous Mishnah in a agreement with R'Simeon B'Gamaliel who ruled31

יד השתא כולו למעלה מי' ומקצתו בתוך י' אמרת מערבין שנים ואם רצו מערבין א' כולו בתוך י' ומקצתו למעלה מי' מיבעיא

14 that wherever a gap is less than four handbreadths it is regarded as labud?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' v. Glos. Is it likely, however, that an anonymous Mishnah, which usually represents the accepted halachah, would agree with an individual opinion against that of the majority?');">32 - It may be said to agree even with the Rabbis; for the Rabbis differed from R'Simeon B'Gamaliel only in regard to the laws of labud. As regards an opening, however, even they may agree that only if its size is four handbreadths by four is it regarded as a valid opening but otherwise it cannot be so regarded.

טו זו ואצ"ל זו קתני

15 LESS THAN FOUR etc. Is not this obvious? For, since it was said that the window must be33 FOUR HANDBREADTHS BY FOUR, WITHIN TEN HANDBREADTHS, would I not naturally understand that if it was less than four and higher than ten It is not valid opening? - It is this that we were informed:34

טז א"ר יוחנן חלון עגול צריך שיהא בהיקפו עשרים וארבעה טפחים ושנים ומשהו מהן בתוך י' שאם ירבענו נמצא משהו בתוך י'

16 The reason35 is because all of it was higher than ten handbreadths from the ground, but if a part of it was within ten handbreadths from the ground, THE TENANTS MAY PREPARE TWO 'ERUBS OR, IF THEY PREFER, THEY MAY PREPARE ONE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This could not have been inferred from the first clause of our Mishnah which might have been taken to imply that the entire window must be within ten handbreadths from the ground; and since 'HIGHER THAN TEN HANDBREADTHS' has to be stated, it incidentally states also 'LESS THAN FOUR, etc.'');">36 Thus we have learnt in a Mishnah what the Rabbis taught elsewhere: 'If [almost] all the window was higher than ten handbreadths from the ground but a part of it was within ten handbreadths from it, or if [almost] all of it was within ten handbreadths and a part of it was higher than ten handbreadths, the tenants may prepare two 'erubs or, if they prefer, they may prepare one'.

יז מכדי כל שיש בהיקפו שלשה טפחים יש בו ברוחבו טפח בתריסר סגיא

17 Now then, where '[almost] all the window was higher than ten handbreadths from the ground but a part of it was within ten handbreadths' you ruled that 'the tenants may prepare two 'erubs or, if they prefer, they may prepare one was it also necessary to mention the case where '[almost] all of it was within ten handbreadths and a part of it was higher than ten handbreadths'?37 - This is a case of anticlimax: This,38 and there is no need to say that.39 R'Johanan ruled: A round window33 must have a circumference of twenty-four handbreadths, two and a fraction of which40 must be within ten handbreadths from the ground, so that, when it41 is squared,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And thus reduced on each side oft he square by two handbreadths, leaving a square window of the size of 8 - (2 + 2) by 8 - (2 + 2) = 4 X 4 handbreadths. He assumed that the area of a square constructed within a circle is half the area of the circle itself, v. infra.');">42 a fraction remains within the ten handbreadths from the ground.43 Consider: Any object that has a circumference of three handbreadths is approximately one handbreadth in diameter: should not then twelve handbreadths44 suffice?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For the purpose of obtaining a square of four handbreadths by four within the circumference. Why then did R. Johanan require a minimum circumference of twenty-four?');">45

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