Eruvin 16

Chapter 16

א אבל זה כנגד זה אימא לא
1 but not where they were facing each other.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rab, therefore, found it necessary to state that even where the gaps faced one another the courtyard is still regarded as a private domain.');"><sup>1</sup></span> According to Rabbah, however, who ruled [that a courtyard is] forbidden where the gaps were facing each other,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra 8a.');"><sup>2</sup></span> how would he explain Rab's ruling?
ב ולרבה דאמר זה כנגד זה אסור הא דרב במאי מוקי לה בזה שלא כנגד זה תרתי למה לי
2 [Obviously, that it referred to a case where the gaps were] not facing one another [but then the question arises again:] What need was there for<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'wherefore to me'.');"><sup>3</sup></span> two [rulings<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rab's and that of the Mishnah quoted.');"><sup>4</sup></span> on the same subject]? - If [the rulings were derived] from there<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The MISHNAH:');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ג אי מהתם הוה אמינא הני מילי לזרוק אבל לטלטל אימא לא קמ"ל
3 it might have been assumed to apply only to the throwing [of objects into it],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. that it is Pentateuchally regarded as a private domain and that consequently it is forbidden to throw any object from the public domain into it.');"><sup>6</sup></span> but not to the moving [of them within it];<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Such movement being forbidden by an enactment of the Rabbis who imposed upon it the restrictions of a public domain.');"><sup>7</sup></span> hence we were informed [of Rab's ruling].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That the moving of objects within the courtyard is permitted.');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ד איתמר מבוי העשוי כנדל אמר אביי עושה צורת הפתח לגדול והנך כולהו מישתרו בלחי וקורה
4 It was stated:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By Amoras.');"><sup>9</sup></span> If an alley is constructed in the form of a centipede,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. from a major alley that opens out into a public domain minor alleys branch out in the shape of the legs of a centipede, and these have two entrances each, one from the major alley and another from a public domain (Rashi) , being built, however, in such a manner as to avoid the entrances of any two opposite alleys from facing one another (R. Tam) . Should the entrances of two alleys be directly opposite each other they would be regarded as one long alley that opens out at both ends into public domains and would be subject to the more stringent laws that are hucn applicable to such all alley. (V. Tosaf. s.v. a.l.)');"><sup>10</sup></span> the shape of a doorway, said Abaye, is made [at the entrance] of the major alley and all the others are rendered ritually fit by means of a side-pos and cross-beam.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Fixed at each of the entrances that open out into the public domains.');"><sup>11</sup></span>
ה א"ל רבא כמאן כשמואל דאמר תורתו כסתום למה ליה צורת הפתח ועוד הא ההוא מבוי עקום דהוה בנהרדעא וחשו לה לדרב
5 Said Raba to him: In agreement with whose view [is your ruling]? [If it is] in agreement with that of Samuel who ruled that [a crooked alley]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Each of the minor alleys may be regarded as an arm of a crooked alley the other arm of which is formed by the major alley.');"><sup>12</sup></span> has the same law as one that is closed [at one end], why should it be necessary to have the shape of a doorway?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' At the entrance of the major alley. If the minor ones have the status of crooked alleys the major one also, for the same reason, should have the same status and be subject to the same laws.');"><sup>13</sup></span>
ו אלא אמר רבא עושה צורת הפתח לכולהו להאי גיסא ואידך גיסא מישתרו בלחי וקורה
6 And, furthermore, was there not once a crooked alley at Nehardea<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 6b.');"><sup>14</sup></span> and [in providing for its ritual fitness] Rab's view also was taken into consideration?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' How then could Abaye rule that only the lenient ruling of Samuel was to be followed?');"><sup>15</sup></span> [The fact,] however, is, said Raba, that the shape of a doorway is made [at the entrance] of each minor alley<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'to all of them'.');"><sup>16</sup></span>
ז אמר רב כהנא בר תחליפא משמיה דרב כהנא בר מניומי משמיה דרב כהנא בר מלכיו משמיה דרב כהנא רביה דרב ואמרי לה רב כהנא בר מלכיו היינו רב כהנא רביה דרב מבוי שצידו אחד ארוך וצידו אחד קצר פחות מארבע אמות מניח את הקורה באלכסון ארבע אמות אינו מניח את הקורה אלא כנגד הקצר רבא אמר אחד זה ואחד זה אינו מניח את הקורה אלא כנגד הקצר
7 on the one side<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That terminates in the major alley (Rashi) .');"><sup>17</sup></span> while the other side<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Terminating in the public domain (Rashi) . R. Han.: 'on one side etc.'; i.e., the shape of the doorway and the side-post and cross-beam may respectively be set up on either side. V. Also Marginal Gloss.');"><sup>18</sup></span> [of each minor alley] is rendered ritually fit by means of a side-post and cross-beam.
ח ואימא טעמא דידי ואימא טעמא דידהו אימא טעמא דידי קורה טעמא מאי משום היכר ובאלכסון לא הוי היכר
8 Said R'Kahana B'Tahlifa in the name of R'Kahana B'Minyomi in the name of Rab Kahana B'Malkio who had it from R'Kahana the teacher of Rab [others say that R'Kahana B'Malkio is the same R'Kahana who was Rab's teacher]: If one side of an alley was long and the other short, [and the shortage is] less than four cubits, the cross-beam may be laid in a slanting position,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' One end on the longer and the other on the shorter side, and the alley may be used as far as the beam, i.e., to the termination of each side.');"><sup>19</sup></span> [but if it is] four cubits the cross-beam is laid only at right angles<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'opposite', 'corresponding'.');"><sup>20</sup></span> to the shorter side.
ט ואימא טעמא דידהו קורה משום מאי משום מחיצה ובאלכסון נמי הוי מחיצה
9 Raba said: In either case<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whether the difference between the lengths of the two walls of an alley was four cubits or less.');"><sup>21</sup></span> the beam must be laid only at right angles<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'opposite', 'corresponding'.');"><sup>20</sup></span> to the shorter side; and I can give<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'and I say'.');"><sup>22</sup></span>
י אמר רב כהנא הואיל ושמעתתא דכהני היא אימא בה מילתא הא דאמרת מניח הקורה באלכסון לא אמרן אלא שאין באלכסונו יותר מעשר אבל יש באלכסונו יותר מעשר דברי הכל אינו מניח אלא כנגד הקצר
10 my reason and also<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'and I say'.');"><sup>22</sup></span> theirs.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That of the authorities just mentioned.');"><sup>23</sup></span> My reason is:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'and I say'.');"><sup>22</sup></span>
יא איבעיא להו מהו להשתמש תחת הקורה רב ורבי חייא ור' יוחנן אמרו מותר להשתמש תחת הקורה שמואל ורבי שמעון בר רבי ור"ש בן לקיש אמרו אסור להשתמש תחת הקורה
11 [The erection of] a cross-beam was enacted<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'what is the reason?'');"><sup>24</sup></span> in order [to provide] a distinguishing mark,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra 5a.');"><sup>25</sup></span> and [a beam] in a slanting position provides no such mark.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'there is no recognition', because the space adjoining the part of the longer wall which protrudes beyond the shorter one, not being enclosed by any wall on its other side, might be mistaken for a continuation of the public domain.');"><sup>26</sup></span>
יב לימא בהא קמיפלגי דמר סבר קורה משום היכר ומר סבר קורה משום מחיצה
12 Their<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That of the authorities just mentioned.');"><sup>27</sup></span> reason is:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'and I say'.');"><sup>28</sup></span> [The object of] a cross-beam was to provide a partition,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Between the alley and the public domain.');"><sup>29</sup></span>
יג לא דכולי עלמא קורה משום היכר והכא בהא קמיפלגי דמר סבר היכירא מלגיו ומר סבר היכירא מלבר
13 and [a beam] in a slanting position is also a partition. R'Kahana remarked: As the ruling is reported in the name of Kahanas, I would say something about it. The rule<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'that which you said'.');"><sup>30</sup></span>
יד ואיבעית אימא דכולי עלמא משום מחיצה והכא בהא קמיפלגי דמר סבר חודו הפנימי יורד וסותם ומר סבר חודו החיצון יורד וסותם
14 that the beam may be laid in a slanting position applies only where the slant was no longer than ten cubits, but if it was longer than ten cubits all agree that it is placed only at right angles to the shorter side.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since an entrance may not be wider than ten cubits.');"><sup>31</sup></span> The question was asked: May the space under a cross-beam be used?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. in the same manner as the interior of the alley. This is a general question relating to any alley.');"><sup>32</sup></span> Rab and R'Hiyya and R'Johanan replied: It is permitted to use the space under the beam; Samuel, R'Simeon B'Rabbi and R'Simeon B'Lakish replied: It is forbidden to use the space under the beam.
טו אמר רב חסדא הכל מודים בבין לחיים שאסור
15 May it be assumed that they<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The two groups of authorities just mentioned.');"><sup>33</sup></span> differ on the following principle? One Master<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. each of the group.');"><sup>34</sup></span>
טז בעא מיניה רמי בר חמא מרב חסדא נעץ שתי יתידות בשני כותלי מבוי מבחוץ והניח קורה על גביהן מהו
16 is of the opinion that a cross-beam serves the purpose of a distinguishing mark,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Between the alley and public domain. As the mark is there, it is permitted to use the space under it.');"><sup>35</sup></span> while the other Master<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. each of the group.');"><sup>34</sup></span> holds that the cross-beam serves the purpose of a partition?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The space under the beam being virtually covered so to speak with the imaginary downward extension of the beam, no use can be made of it.');"><sup>36</sup></span>
יז א"ל לדברי המתיר אסור לדברי האוסר מותר
17 - No; all may agree that a beam serves the purpose of a partition, but it is this principle on which they differ here. One Master<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. each of the group.');"><sup>34</sup></span> holds that the distinguishing mark [is to serve as such for those who are] from within,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The residents of the alley. As they see only the inner side, no use may be made of the space beyond the inner edge.');"><sup>37</sup></span>
יח רבא אמר לדברי האוסר נמי אסור בעינן קורה ע"ג מבוי וליכא
18 and the other Master<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. each of the group.');"><sup>34</sup></span> holds that it is for those who are without.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e.,the people in the public domain; so that the whole of the space under the beam belongs to the alley and consequently may be used by the residents of the alley.');"><sup>38</sup></span> And if you prefer I would reply: All agree that it serves the purpose of a partition, but it is this on which they differ here: One Master<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. each of the group.');"><sup>34</sup></span>
יט איתיביה רב אדא בר מתנה לרבא היתה קורתו
19 holds that its inner edge [is deemed to] descend and close up [the entrance]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The space under the beam, being in consequence outside the alley, must be regarded as belonging to the public domain and its use must, therefore, be forbidden.');"><sup>39</sup></span> while the other Master<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. each of the group.');"><sup>34</sup></span> maintains that it is its outer edge [that is deemed to] descend and close it up.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. previous note mutatis mutandis. ohhjk');"><sup>40</sup></span> R'Hisda stated: All agree that [the use of the space] between side-posts is forbidden.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where no cross-beam but only a side-post had been put up. The plural () in the text applies to alleys in general, each single alley requiring no more than one side-post at its entrance (V. Rashi) .');"><sup>41</sup></span> Rami B'Mama enquired of R'Hisda: What is the ruling where one Inserted two pins [respectively] in the two [extremities of the] walls of an alley on the outside<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. in the thicknesses of the walls, on either side of the entrance, that face the public domain.');"><sup>42</sup></span> and placed a beam on them?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that the inner edge of the beam touches the walls of the alley while the rest of the beam lies outside. Is the alley, it is asked, rendered ritually fit for the Sabbath by such an arrangement?');"><sup>43</sup></span> The other replied: According to him who permits [elsewhere the use of the space under the cross-beam the use of the space here] is forbidden;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the very reason for the permission to use the space under the beam, viz., that the outer edge of the beam is deemed to descend to the ground, is a reason here for the prohibition of the use of the entire interior of the alley. For if the outer edge is the limit of the partition, the thickness of the beam separates it from the alley and so invalidates it as a partition of it.');"><sup>44</sup></span> and according to him who forbids [the use elsewhere of such space,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because he maintains that it is the inner edge of the beam that constitutes the partition.');"><sup>45</sup></span> the use of it here] is permitted.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the inner edge does touch the walls of the alley and so forms a valid partition between the public domain and the alley. h" ,');"=""><sup>46</sup></span> Raba said: According to him also who forbids [the use of the space under the cross-beam the use of the alley here] is forbidden, since we require the beam to rest above the alley and this is not the case here. R'Adda B'Mattena raised an objection against Raba:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And also against R. Hisda () .');"><sup>47</sup></span> If its<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That the moving of objects within the courtyard is permitted.');"><sup>8</sup></span> cross-beam