Eruvin 17

Chapter 17

א משוכה או תלויה פחות מג' אין צריך להביא קורה אחרת ג' צריך להביא קורה אחרת רשב"ג אומר פחות מד' אין צריך להביא קורה אחרת ד' צריך להביא קורה אחרת
1 was drawn away<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the alley walls. If, for instance, it was resting on pins driven into the external extremities of the alley walls on either side of the entrance.');"><sup>1</sup></span> or suspended<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On a pole erected in the center of the entrance, the ends of the beam not reaching the walls, and hanging, so to speak, in the air.');"><sup>2</sup></span> [at a distance of] less than three handbreadths [from the walls of the alley] there is no need to provide another beam,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The space between the beam and the walls being so small it is deemed to be non-existent (v. Glos. s.v. labud) .');"><sup>3</sup></span> [but if the distance was] three handbreadths another beam must be provided.
ב מאי לאו משוכה מבחוץ ותלויה מבפנים
2 R'Simeon B'Gamaliel ruled: [If the distance was] less than four handbreadths there is no need to provide another beam<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. previous note. R. Simeon b. Gamaliel regards as labud (v. Glos.) any gap that is not wider than four handbreadths.');"><sup>4</sup></span> [but if it was] four handbreadths another beam must be provided.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. infra 14a, 16b, Suk. 22a.');"><sup>5</sup></span> Does not 'drawn away' [mean that the beam was altogether] outside [the alley],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra p. 48, n. 9.');"><sup>6</sup></span> and 'suspended' [that it was] within?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As explained supra p. 48, n. 10. An objection thus arises against Raba who ruled that the beam must rest within the alley walls.');"><sup>7</sup></span>
ג לא אידי ואידי מבפנים משוכה מרוח אחת ותלויה משתי רוחות
3 No; both<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The expressions 'drawn away' and 'suspended'.');"><sup>8</sup></span> [refer to a beam] within the alley, but by 'drawn away [was meant that the beam was drawn away] from one side,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. it did not reach the wall of the alley on that side but its other end was supported on the opposite wall.');"><sup>9</sup></span> and by 'suspended' [that it was drawn away] from both sides.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The beam resting on a pole fixed in the center of the entrance (cf supra p. 48, n. 10) .');"><sup>10</sup></span> [As] it might have been assumed [that the law of] labud<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');"><sup>11</sup></span>
ד מהו דתימא מרוח אחת אמרינן לבוד משתי רוחות לא אמרינן לבוד קמ"ל
4 is applied<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'we say'.');"><sup>12</sup></span> [only where the beam is removed] from one side but not<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'we do not say'.');"><sup>13</sup></span> [when it is removed] from the two sides, hence we were informed [that in the latter case also the law of labud<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');"><sup>11</sup></span> applies].
ה רב אשי אמר משוכה והיא תלויה והיכי דמי כגון שנעץ שתי יתידות עקומות על שני כותלי מבוי שאין בגובהן ג' ואין בעקמומיתן ג' מהו דתימא או לבוד אמרינן או חבוט אמרינן לבוד וחבוט לא אמרינן קמ"ל
5 R'Ashi<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Not being satisfied with the previous answer, since it was unnecessary to lay down a special law of labud for two sides when it could be easily inferred from that of one side where the very same principle is involved.');"><sup>14</sup></span> replied: [The meaning is that the beam was] drawn away [from the walls] and also suspended. And how is this to be imagined? [That a man], for instance, inserted on the tops of the two side-walls of an alley respectively two slanting pins<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sloping towards each other above the entrance of the alley.');"><sup>15</sup></span>
ו תני ר' זכאי קמיה דר' יוחנן בין לחיים ותחת הקורה נידון ככרמלית אמר ליה פוק תני לברא
6 whose height<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the top of the walls.');"><sup>16</sup></span> is less than<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'there is not in their height'.');"><sup>17</sup></span> three handbreadths<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to the first Tanna.');"><sup>18</sup></span> and whose slant also<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the distance between the walls and the extremity of the pin.');"><sup>19</sup></span>
ז אמר אביי מסתברא מילתיה דר' יוחנן תחת הקורה אבל בין לחיין אסור ורבא אמר בין לחיים נמי מותר
7 is less than three handbreadths.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And the beam was placed upon these projections so that it is removed from the walls both vertically and horizontally.');"><sup>20</sup></span> [Since] it might be assumed that we call apply either the law of labud<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. Labud ('junction') might apply to the horizontal, and habut ('beating down') to the vertical gap.');"><sup>21</sup></span> or that of habut,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. Labud ('junction') might apply to the horizontal, and habut ('beating down') to the vertical gap.');"><sup>21</sup></span> but not that of both labud and habut, hence we were informed [that both may also be applied].
ח אמר רבא מנא אמינא לה דכי אתא רב דימי א"ר יוחנן מקום שאין בו ד' על ד' מותר לבני רה"ר ולבני רה"י לכתף עליו ובלבד שלא יחליפו
8 R'Zakkai recited in the presence of R'Johanan: [The space] between the side-posts and beneath the cross-beam is subject to the laws of a karmelith.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. Consequently the free movement of objects in that space is forbidden on the Sabbath.');"><sup>22</sup></span> 'Go out', the other told him, 'recite this outside'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' An expression of disapproval. R. Johanan holds the view that the space mentioned is regarded as a part of the alley in which the free movement of objects is permitted.');"><sup>23</sup></span> Said Abaye: It stands to reason that the view of R'Johanan<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. previous note.');"><sup>24</sup></span> [applies to the space] under the beam<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where no side-posts were erected at the entrance, his reason being that the outer edge of the beam constitutes the virtual partition between the alley and the public domain.');"><sup>25</sup></span>
ט ואביי התם בגבוה ג'
9 but [that] between the side-posts<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If no beam was put up.');"><sup>26</sup></span> is forbidden. Raba, however, said: [The space] between the side-posts<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If no beam was put up.');"><sup>26</sup></span> is also permitted.
י אמר אביי מנא אמינא לה דאמר רב חמא בר גוריא אמר רב תוך הפתח צריך לחי אחר להתירו
10 Said Rabbi: Why<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'whence'.');"><sup>27</sup></span> do I say this? Because when R'Dimi came<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From Palestine to Babylon.');"><sup>28</sup></span> he reported in the name of R'Johanan: In a place<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Situated between a public and a private domain.');"><sup>29</sup></span>
יא וכי תימא דאית ביה ד' על ד' והאמר רב חנין בר רבא אמר רב תוך הפתח אע"פ שאין בו ד' על ד' צריך לחי אחר להתירו
11 whose area is less than<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'in which there is not'.');"><sup>30</sup></span> four by four [handbreadths]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Being so small it cannot be regarded as a separate domain and assumes, therefore, the legal status of a free area.');"><sup>31</sup></span> it is permissible<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since it is regarded as a free spot.');"><sup>32</sup></span> for both the people of the public domain and those of the private domain to rearrange their burdens,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'to put on the shoulder'.');"><sup>33</sup></span>
יב ורבא התם דפתוח לכרמלית
12 provided only that they do not exchange them.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And thus lead people erroneously to assume that it is permitted to carry from a public domain into a private domain or vice versa. (Shab. 8b, infra 77a) . For a similar reason (v. supra n. 10) the space between the side-posts, not being of sufficient size to constitute a domain of its own, assumes the same status as the spot spoken of by R. Johanan.');"><sup>34</sup></span> And Abaye?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' How can he maintain his view against this principle of R. Johanan?');"><sup>35</sup></span> - There<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Johanan's ruling.');"><sup>36</sup></span> [it is a case] where [the place] was three handbreadths in height.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Being a clearly defined spot it may be regarded as a 'free area'. The space between side-posts, however, being comparatively small and level with the ground, is not in any way distinguishable from the domains adjoining it; and, if its use were permitted, people would erroneously assume that it is permitted to carry objects from a public domain into a private domain or vice versa. Hence the prohibition.');"><sup>37</sup></span>
יג אבל לרה"ר מאי שרי יציבא בארעא וגיורא בשמי שמיא
13 Said Abaye: Why<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'whence'.');"><sup>27</sup></span> do I say this?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' His explanation of R. Johanan's ruling supra.');"><sup>38</sup></span> Because R'Hama B'Goria said in the name of Rab: [The space] within a gateway<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Formed by the wide side-posts of an alley.');"><sup>39</sup></span> requires<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In addition to the side-posts mentioned which effect the ritual fitness of the alley itself.');"><sup>40</sup></span>
יד אין מצא מין את מינו וניעור
14 a special<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'another'.');"><sup>41</sup></span> side-post to render it permissible.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Shab. 9a; from which it follows that where no special side-posts had been put up, the space within the gateway, formed by the side-posts, remains forbidden.');"><sup>42</sup></span> And should you suggest that [this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The case spoken of by R. Hama b. Goria.');"><sup>43</sup></span> is one] where the area is four handbreadths by four,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., large enough to constitute an independent domain to be Rabbinically forbidden.');"><sup>44</sup></span>
טו א"ל רב הונא בריה דרב יהושע לרבא ואת לא תסברא דבין לחיין אסור והאמר רבה בר בר חנה אמר ר' יוחנן מבוי שרצפו בלחיין פחות פחות מד' <img 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K5Cogsgie0Y4Znjx4+LI4+cEoEiE/A735zLk/oqb/TiJThTXHwXN1hs83xU6HBCtsNFEj0GnumGdCpO81ZtM5lLhU/18bE1amjiMornzp9lrW+0u2vi9QxywTzniHz12o/AZjGa2u3qc1DUahWonzr3TafCyXTnos68NZtuGgMc1O5sbtsQpUpBzvOAgf0Ifb5mbTqoLP39q3BhKCy9evWS+Zh3fTH/9e7nFxI2RO4r8+0F4zO+EyZE8JFTHeJ2xn3IwZiPw3JpW7dtRnuu8pAHDnlMFPnrb7yWsHABAO/jJw8Y9Nj4iRFDhwYSW75gASmf5OQkByzQwzSHWwiYFwWwazPSxK1XXz/SV9v5ycddsd5c/SLTjcg3brJtGzIxMhy9psqzZEJGDSVk+6QpkazDZV3EZsxuke2MW5FDDsfnfEurkqR5/ILnCeTJKYtZV/fycrNt7y7kB/72VwI5XBLJQ/7mW8uJeT5gcP+ed9UQzR3twenyXBsWNBiBOnT4AJRwLLFn/5attsQ6RRmFq8Edz+HOENzOljBuRN7rUdvSdZhjMRjbUAPLhQ1Z7+D7SzlG3t2FYtzD7/369kavnIaFjuT2ytdpbG/ew0ZPPjUFIW9SKYXIezLwKNywt3MlfFwYQgEVb7uuBe1dRa6HA/Wie3fwVxx62LV0I/KY30UjFH36cjHW9nYtSXN84Tu02z3I7e5CPoPbDc8Ht14pWk/Kdhyq3qjreZp3VV6KlYWJ8QiF0dSGMoq8PQcgMyBpCuqhoaGsxMu76zIE6ROaRN7P/1ECuQdp7q7yxorlBChW+EbuxMhxhFaLiorqPj7sGc5/JzMDIQeyA2k4nt0ODXqaNqFpn5T0Soc6x2AVTw0TUT7YYrPblS0q8dgrdOigfwJfa4HZCe/JkHYRuULVII784iVu70eTyYSEAco8V1aW//TzxZMnj+fkHAF/J04cKyjIv19RVvWwuq6pXtXarG7TaI3tetrQ2tZSVfNApVZ6SRwSR37lxlW4GyLJ7RaD3rzdKsw0pKQkg1p5RYlLe3bLeW8yAYvAG8B/9KftzpGv+eMqJPQhzQMCBvBsaZrbfV2laqqpqQJ/TarG2yVFlXVVgPJ3SopKK8tqFLW3i24dO5H7oLrSS7j9b58fQMjrlQoyuwQP8k5/TXip/v59xXwyl+JqjHe8rAnIQEg4fLmiRdCbzCs+iagl+v3LDkcWvGO9ATTDYV3T3gJXrJHI9QYtptVo/IewetLedG8pvV+CkOsobqf/NosgY23IKZPOipzG57mkX+K5fPki8liMrAkmjmy/02BBbv7ZJ5zbx48Pl7r1+pfPsgmxDRQwSXOaMRDIo6OnSR35y4sSMS+FA3W/uoKHHP3UF+7WxMfPkzry2XNmEuQEqpf0z9vM+7zr9e0I+cyZsVJHHvfiXDkfucivDzUq6+EeMsJAhXTl3KQpkQTNWSFyIuo4IKD/xInjJU1wPMrAcL9f0Hr0n4dJ5MBDM5po3koiuezvfz8sdW63WCV2eFZmbw0VMAMYlsY3UBJNMNAOw4WenSYAxavLku1eRcj37t3b3NyMvlOvfAjrBpMe+CfAAzVShhatplmjblQ3VddUKBpqgS5kze9xNDbVqDVNwBA0YUaSx8vkKRPUrU32aCAebNu3bx9r/m0Pvifq48oPTUlmLjhgTnCYsnTJU1FP/u7ZmI3vZ+0/tO/1N16LT1ywPuu97D27V765/N11GWsz0hJemjct6vH4BXEbsjL3H/hMksidTFEX5qyX6T+6w8jNbyE6d0alLfldIh3TMfJ6EeUZu52ROego4+CX5qVBb0dr+SSfSHG/hPvNl/8HYY0inXZBwxkAAAAaelRYdGpwZWc6Y29sb3JzcGFjZQAAeNozAgAAMwAziTgjNQAAACR6VFh0anBlZzpzYW1wbGluZy1mYWN0b3IAAHjaM6ww1DGEYAARbwLnnf4emQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=="> באנו למחלוקת רשב"ג ורבנן
15 surely, [it can be retorted] R'Hanin<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Var. lec., 'R. Hama b. Goria' (Shab. 9a) .');"><sup>45</sup></span> B'Raba<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Var. lec., 'R. Hama b. Goria' (Shab. 9a) .');"><sup>45</sup></span> stated on the authority of Rab: [The space] within a gateway, though it is less than four handbreadths by four, requires a special<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'another'.');"><sup>46</sup></span> side-post to render its use permitted.
טז לרשב"ג דאמר אמרינן לבוד משתמש עד חודו הפנימי של לחי הפנימי לרבנן דאמרי לא אמרינן לבוד משתמש עד חודו הפנימי של חיצון אבל בין לחיין דכולי עלמא אסור
16 And Raba?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' How can he maintain his ruling in view of Abaye's argument?');"><sup>47</sup></span> - There [it is a case where the alley] opens out into a karmelith.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos., fields for instance; so that a side-post is necessary to separate the space within the entrance, which is Rabbinically forbidden from the karmelith which adjoins it and which is also Rabbinically forbidden.');"><sup>48</sup></span> Is this,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To use the space within the entrance even if no side-post is provided.');"><sup>49</sup></span> however, permitted [where the alley opens out] into a public domain?
יז ורבא התם נמי דפתוח לכרמלית
17 The native [then would be] in the earth and the stranger in the highest heavens?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A proverbial paradox. The reverse surely should be expected. If an opening to a karmelith which is only a Rabbinically forbidden domain, requires a side-post how much more so one that opens into a public domain which is Pentateuchally forbidden');"><sup>50</sup></span> Yes, the like<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'kind'.');"><sup>51</sup></span> has found its like and is aroused.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the space within the entrance is in fact a karmelith, but as it is less than the prescribed size, it loses all its independent existence if it is situated between a private and a public domain, to neither of which it is akin and to neither of which it can be joined. If, however, it adjoins a karmelith on one side it is deemed to have regained its existence as a karmelith by being regarded as a part of the larger domain.');"><sup>52</sup></span> Said R'Huna son of R'Joshua to Raba: Do you not uphold the view that [according to R'Johanan, the space] between side-posts is forbidden?
יח אבל לרה"ר מאי שרי יציבא בארעא וגיורא בשמי שמיא אין מצא מין את מינו וניעור
18 Surely, Rabbah B'Bar Hana stated in the name of R'Johanan: If [a section of one side of] an alley was lined with side-posts<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The first post being placed near the entrance, the second next to it, the third next to the second and so on.');"><sup>53</sup></span> [fixed within distances of] less<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'less less'.');"><sup>54</sup></span> than four [handbreadths<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But more than three handbreadths.');"><sup>55</sup></span> between one another, the question of its use] is dependent<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'we came'.');"><sup>56</sup></span> on the dispute between R'Simeon B'Gamaliel and the Rabbis.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra.');"><sup>57</sup></span> [Now this obviously means, does it not, that] according to R'Simeon B'Gamaliel, who ruled [that in respect of such distances the law of] labud is applied,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'we say labud' (v. Glos.) .');"><sup>58</sup></span> one is allowed to the [the alley from the interior thereof only] up to the inner edge of the innermost post<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since all posts are deemed to be united into one single unit the space between this edge and the entrance of the alley is subject to the law of the 'space between the side-posts'.');"><sup>59</sup></span> and that according to the Rabbis, who ruled [that in respect of a distance of more than three handbreadths, the law of] labud is not applied,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that each post is deemed to be a separate unit, and the alley's permissibility is consequently effected by means of the first post that is fixed nearest the entrance.');"><sup>60</sup></span> one is allowed to use [the alley] up to the inner edge of the outermost post,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. previous note.');"><sup>61</sup></span> but [the use of the space] between side-posts is unanimously<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'that all the world', sc. R. Simeon b. Gamaliel and the Rabbis.');"><sup>62</sup></span> forbidden?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Had this been permitted, the dispute on labud could not have had any bearing on the use of the alley mentioned.');"><sup>63</sup></span> And Raba?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' How call he still maintain his ruling in view of the objection just raised?');"><sup>64</sup></span> - There also [it is a case] where [the alley] opens out into a karmelith. Would this, however, be permitted [where the alley opened out] into a public domain? The native [then would be] in the earth and the stranger in the highest heavens? - Yes, the like has found its like and is aroused.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra p. 51, nn. 8-11 mutatis mutandis.');"><sup>65</sup></span>
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