Eruvin 174

הכא רשויות דרבנן

while here we are dealing with Rabbinical domains.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the movement of objects between a karmelith and a private domain is only Rabbinically forbidden. As Pentateuchally it is permitted to transfer directly from the one into the other the Rabbis have relaxed their ruling where the transfer is effected by way of a free domain. (As to the discrepancy between R. Dimi's minimum of four handbreadths and that of three handbreadths in the Baraitha cf. Rashi a.l.)');">¹</span> But did not R'Johanan maintain his view<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That no transfer from one domain into another is permitted even by way of a free domain.');">²</span> even in the case of Rabbinical domains?

והא ר' יוחנן ברשויות דרבנן נמי אמר (דתניא) כותל שבין ב' חצירות גבוה י' טפחים ורוחב ארבעה מערבין שנים ואין מערבין אחד

For we learned:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. marg. gl. Cur. edd. in parenthesis 'for it was taught'.');">³</span> - If between two courtyards there was a wall ten handbreadths high and four handbreadths thick, two 'erubs may be prepared but not one. If there was fruit on the top of it, the tenants on either side may climb up and eat there.

היו בראשו פירות אלו עולין מכאן ואוכלין ואלו עולין מכאן ואוכלין

If a breach to the extent of ten cubits was made in the wall, the tenants may prepare two 'erubs or, if they prefer, only one, because it is like a doorway. If the breach was bigger, only one 'erub and not two may be prepared'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra 76b q.v. notes.');">⁴</span> And when the question was raised, What is the ruling where it was not four handbreadths wide? ' Rab replied: 'The air of two domains prevails upon it and no object on it may be moved even as far as a hair's breadth'; whereas R'Johanan replied: 'The tenants on either side may carry up their food and eat it there',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But may not transfer objects from one courtyard into the other across that wall. Supra 77a.');">⁵</span>

נפרץ הכותל עד עשר אמות מערבין שנים ואם רצו מערבין אחד מפני שהוא כפתח יותר מכאן מערבין אחד ואין מערבין שנים

R'Johanan thus<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. prev. n.');">⁶</span> following his own view; since R'Dimi, when he came,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From Palestine to Babylon.');">⁷</span> stated in the name of R'Johanan: On a place whose area is less than four handbreadths by four both the people in the public domain and those in the private domain may re-arrange their loads provided they do not exchange their!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Now, since R. Johanan maintains his view even in the case of courtyards, the movement of objects between which is only Rabbinically forbidden, how could it be maintained that a distinction is drawn between Pentateuchal and Rabbinical domains?');">⁸</span>

והוינן בה אין בו ארבעה מאי אמר רב אויר ב' רשויות שולטת בו ולא יזיז בו מלא נימא

- That<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Johanan's ruling concerning a wall between courtyards.');">⁹</span> was reported by Ze'iri.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Dimi, however, maintains that R. Johanan's restriction does not apply to domains the movement of objects between which is only Rabbinically forbidden.');">¹⁰</span> But does not this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The difficulty, raised supra 87a ad fin., on R. Dimi's report.');">¹¹</span>

ורבי יוחנן אמר אלו מעלין מכאן ואוכלין ואלו מעלין מכאן ואוכלין

present an objection against Ze'iri? - Ze'iri explains it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Baraitha (supra 87a) dealing with the dispute between R. Simeon b. Gamaliel and the first Tanna on the dimensions that do, or do not constitute a karmelith between which and the courtyard the movement of bucket and water is forbidden.');">¹²</span> to refer to the water-channel itself,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to the first Tanna a width of three handbreadths, and according to R. Simeon b. Gamaliel only one of four handbreadths imparts to it the status of a karmelith.');">¹³</span> while the ruling of R'Dimi<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Reported in the name of R. Johanan, according to which 'no domain can be regarded as a karmelith if less than four handbreadths'.');">¹⁴</span>

ואזדא רבי יוחנן לטעמיה דכי אתא רב דימי אמר רבי יוחנן מקום שאין בו ארבעה על ארבעה מותר לבני רה"ר ולבני רה"י לכתף עליו ובלבד שלא יחליפו

is one in dispute between Tannas. But why should it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A water-channel passing through a courtyard, whose dimensions are less than those of a karmelith.');">¹⁵</span> not be regarded as the cavities of a karmelith?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And the movement of any object, bucket or water, between it and the courtyard should be forbidden. As cavities in a wall adjoining a public domain are subject to the restrictions of the latter (v. Shab. 7b) so should the water-channel within the courtyard be subject to the restrictions of the wider channel without the town which is a karmelith and of which it forms a part.');">¹⁶</span>

ההיא זעירי אמרה ולזעירי קשיא הא

- Both Abaye B'Abin and R'Hanina B'Abin replied: The law of cavities<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though applicable to Pentateuchally forbidden domains.');">¹⁷</span> does not apply to a karmelith.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Being only a Rabbinically forbidden domain no additional restrictions were imposed upon its use.');">¹⁸</span> R'Ashi replied: It may even be conceded that the law of cavities does apply to a karmelith, but this is the case only where the cavity is near<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If, for instance, it was in a wall adjoining a karpaf that was bigger than two beth Se'ah.');">¹⁹</span>

זעירי מוקים לה באמת המים גופה ורב דימי תנאי היא

whereas here it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The channel within the courtyard.');">²⁰</span> is far removed<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the section of the channel without the town which was of the size of a karmelith.');">²¹</span> Rabina replied: We are dealing<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the discussion between R. Simeon b. Gamaliel and the first Tanna.');">²²</span>

ותיהוי כי חורי כרמלית

in with a case, for instance, where outlets were made at its<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The water-channel's.');">²³</span> ends,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'at its mouth', Sc. the dimensions prescribed by the two opinions (cf. supra n. 11) are neither those of the channel nor those of its embankments (as has been previously suggested) but those of the outlets made in the partitions at its ends to enable the water to pass through them.');">²⁴</span> the Rabbis<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the first Tanna who limits the width of the outlets to less than three handbreadths.');">²⁵</span>

אביי בר אבין ורב חנינא בר אבין דאמרי תרוייהו אין חורין לכרמלית

following their view,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra 9a, that the rule of labud is inapplicable to a gap that was three handbreadths wide.');">²⁶</span> while R'Simeon B'Gamaliel<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who regards the channel as a karmelith only where the widths of the outlets was no less than four handbreadths.');">²⁷</span> follows his view.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That the rule of labud applies to a gap that was not wider than four handbreadths.');">²⁸</span>

רב אשי אמר אפילו תימא יש חורין לכרמלית ה"מ בסמוכה הכא במופלגת

<big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>FROM A BALCONY THAT WAS SITUATED ABOVE A STRETCH OF WATER NO WATER MAY BE DRAWN<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Through a hole in its floor.');">²⁹</span> ON THE SABBATH<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the stretch of water has the status of a karmelith while the balcony is a private domain.');">³⁰</span> UNLESS IT WAS FURNISHED WITH A PARTITION<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Round about all the balcony or at least round the hole.');">³¹</span>

רבינא אמר כגון דעבד לה ניפקי אפומה

TEN HANDBREADTHS HIGH EITHER ABOVE<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The balcony, in an upward direction.');">³²</span> OR BELOW.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In a downward direction from the balcony towards the water. In either case the partition that is ten handbreadths is deemed to extend downwards and, by vertically joining balcony and water, to form a private domain through, and from which the water may be taken up.');">³³</span> SO ALSO WHERE TWO BALCONIES WERE SITUATED IN POSITIONS ONE HIGHER THAN<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But not exactly above.');">³⁴</span>

ואזדו רבנן לטעמייהו ור' שמעון בן גמליאל לטעמיה:

THE OTHER,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Provided the one was removed from the other by less than four handbreadths.');">³⁵</span> AND A PARTITION WAS MADE FOR THE UPPER ONE BUT NOT FOR THE LOWER ONE, RESTRICTIONS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the use of the hole in the upper balcony for the purpose of drawing water.');">³⁶</span> ARE IMPOSED ON THE USE OF BOTH<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Groups of tenants.');">³⁷</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> גזוזטרא שהיא למעלה מן המים אין ממלאין הימנה בשבת אלא אם כן עשו לה מחיצה גבוהה עשרה טפחים בין מלמעלה בין מלמטה

UNTIL THEY HAVE PREPARED A JOINT 'ERUB.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The use of a hole in the lower balcony remains forbidden even after an 'erub had been prepared, since it was not furnished with any partition that could convert the karmelith of the water and the passage to the balcony into a private domain.');">³⁸</span> <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>Is our Mishnah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which requires a partition to be provided before one is allowed to draw water through the hole in the balcony.');">³⁹</span> in disagreement with the view of Hananya B'Akabya, since it was taught: Hananya B'Akabya ruled: In a balcony whose area is four cubits by four a hole of four handbreadths by four is cut<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though no partition had been provided.');">⁴⁰</span>

וכן שתי גזוזטראות זו למעלה מזו עשו לעליונה ולא עשו לתחתונה שתיהן אסורות עד שיערבו:

and water may be drawn through it?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra 86b ad fin. q.v. notes.');">⁴¹</span> - R'Johanan citing R'Jose B'Zimra replied: R'Hananya B'Akabya permitted it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The use of a balcony of the dimensions given, though it had no partitions.');">⁴²</span> only in the case of the sea of Tiberias since it is surrounded by embankments, towns and karpafs,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And is thus distinguished from any other karmelith.');">⁴³</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> מתניתין דלא כחנניא בן עקביא דתניא חנניא בן עקביא אומר גזוזטרא שיש בה ד' על ד' אמות חוקק בה ד' על ד' וממלא

but not in that of any other waters.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where, as stated in our Mishnah, a partition is essential.');">⁴⁴</span> Our Rabbis taught: R'Hananya B'Akabya permitted the men of Tiberias three things: To draw water from a balcony<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of the area of four cubits by four (as stated Supra) .');">⁴⁵</span> on the Sabbath, to store fruit in pea-stalks<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is explained presently.');">⁴⁶</span>

אמר ר' יוחנן משום רבי יוסי בן זימרא לא התיר רבי חנניא בן עקביא אלא בימה של טבריא הואיל ויש לה אוגנים ועיירות וקרפיפות מקיפות אותה אבל בשאר מימות לא

and to dry themselves with a towel.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is explained presently.');">⁴⁶</span> 'To draw water from a balcony on the Sabbath' as has just been stated; what, however, was the point of the permission 'to store fruit in pea-stalks'? - That, as it was taught. If a man got up early in the morning<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Before the dew in the fields had dried up.');">⁴⁷</span>

ת"ר ג' דברים התיר רבי חנניא בן עקביא לאנשי טבריא ממלאין מים מגזוזטרא בשבת וטומנין בעצה ומסתפגין באלונטית

to fetch some refuse,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Such refuse as straw, stalks and the like, in which to store fruit.');">⁴⁸</span> the Scriptural expression, 'if water be put upon the seed'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XI. 38.');">⁴⁹</span> applies to it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'behold it is in if be put' and it becomes susceptible to levitical uncleanness.');">⁵⁰</span>

ממלאין מים מגזוזטרא בשבת הא דאמרן וטומנין בעצה מאי היא דתניא השכים להביא פסולת אם בשביל שיש עליו טל הרי הוא בכי יותן

if he did so<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rose early to gather the refuse.');">⁵¹</span> because the dew was upon it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., when the refuse was still damp and good for storing. Produce cannot become susceptible to levitical uncleanness unless (a) it first came in contact with dew or other prescribed liquids and (b) the owner of the produce was pleased with that contact.');">⁵²</span> but if he did so<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rose early to gather the refuse.');">⁵¹</span>

ואם בשביל שלא יבטל ממלאכתו אינו בכי יותן וסתם

in order that he might not be disturbed from his usual work, the expression. If water be put upon the seeds does not apply to it;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Tosef. Maksh. II; and it is not susceptible to levitical uncleanness.');">⁵³</span> and as a rule,