Eruvin 181

קרפיפות רשות לעצמן לדברי חכמים גגין וחצירות רשות אחת קרפיפות רשות אחת הן לדברי רבי שמעון כולן רשות אחת הן

and karpafs as a separate domain;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra 89a q.v., notes.');">¹</span> that, according to the view of the Sages,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who, unlike R. Meir, did not make provision against the possibility of using a mound in a public domain.');">²</span> roofs and courtyards form a single domain<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It being permissible to move objects from one courtyard into another if both belonged to more than one person, or from a private roof (since it is only infrequently used) into such a courtyard. Between private roofs this is forbidden, since in the view of' the Rabbis, the domains on the roofs are as divided as the domains of the houses below,');">³</span>

תניא כוותיה דרב תניא כוותיה דרב יהודה תניא כוותיה דרב כל גגות העיר רשות אחת הן ואסור להעלות ולהוריד מן הגגין לחצר ומן החצר לגגין וכלים ששבתו בחצר מותר לטלטלן בחצר בגגין מותר לטלטלן בגגין ובלבד שלא יהא גג גבוה י' או נמוך י' דברי ר"מ וחכ"א כל אחד ואחד רשות לעצמו ואין מטלטלין בו אלא בד'

and karpaf<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since they are of the same character.');">⁴</span> form a domain of their own;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though they belonged to more than one owner.');">⁵</span> and that according to the view of R'Simeon<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. his ruling in our MISHNAH:');">⁶</span>

תניא כוותיה דרב יהודה אמר רבי כשהיינו לומדים תורה אצל ר"ש בתקוע היינו מעלין שמן ואלונטית מגג לגג ומגג לחצר ומחצר לחצר ומחצר לקרפף ומקרפף לקרפף אחר עד שהיינו מגיעין אצל המעיין שהיינו רוחצין בו

all these together<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Not only each group.');">⁷</span> constitute a single domain. It was taught in agreement with Rab<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who laid down (supra 89a) that the principle of upward extension is inapplicable to indistinguishable walls, that adjoining roofs of the same level impose, therefore, restrictions upon each other, and that no object may be moved on either of them beyond four cubits.');">⁸</span>

אמר רבי יהודה מעשה בשעת הסכנה והיינו מעלין ס"ת מחצר לגג ומגג לחצר ומחצר לקרפף לקרות בו

and it was also taught in agreement with Rab Judah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whose view has just been cited.');">⁹</span> 'It was taught in agreement with Rab': All the roofs of a town constitute a single domain, and it is forbidden to carry objects up or down from the courtyards on to the roofs or from the roofs into the courtyards respectively;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This, according to R. Meir, is a preventive measure against the possibility of a similar act in the case of a mound in a public domain.');">¹⁰</span> but objects that were in a courtyard when the Sabbath began may be moved about within the courtyard, and if they were at that time on the roofs they may be so moved on the roofs, provided no roof was tell handbreadths higher or lower than all adjoining roof; so R'Meir.

אמרו לו אין שעת הסכנה ראיה:

The Sages, however, ruled: Each one is a separate domain and no object may be moved in it except within four cubits.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In agreement with Rab.');">¹¹</span> 'It was taught in agreement with Rab Judah':<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In respect of his interpretation of R. Simeon's view.');">¹²</span> Rabbi related, When we were studying the Torah at R'Simeon's at Tekoa<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A place in Palestine famous for its oil.');">¹³</span>

ר"ש אומר אחד גגין וכו':

we used to carry<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'bring up'.');">¹⁴</span> oil<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For anointing their bodies after their bathing (v. infra) .');">¹⁵</span> and a towel from roof to roof, from the roof to a courtyard, from the courtyard to another courtyard, from that courtyard to a karpaf and from that karpaf into another karpaf<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In agreement with Rab Judah.');">¹⁶</span>

אמר רב הלכה כר"ש והוא שלא עירבו אבל עירבו לא דגזרינן דילמא אתי לאפוקי מאני דבתים לחצר

until we arrived at the well wherein we bathed. R'Judah related: It once happened that during a time of danger<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The religious persecutions after Bar Kochba's revolt.');">¹⁷</span> we carried<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'bring up'.');">¹⁴</span>

ושמואל אמר בין עירבו בין שלא עירבו וכן אמר ר' יוחנן מי לחשך בין עירבו ובין שלא עירבו

a scroll of the Law from a courtyard into a roof, from the roof into a courtyard, and from the courtyard into a karpaf in order to read in it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From this R. Judah sought to lay down the law for normal times.');">¹⁸</span> They,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' His colleagues at the college.');">¹⁹</span> however, said to him: A time of danger can supply no proof.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As to what is permitted in normal times.');">²⁰</span>

מתקיף לה רב חסדא לשמואל ולרבי יוחנן יאמרו שני כלים בחצר אחת זה מותר וזה אסור

R'SIMEON RULED: ROOFS etc. Rab ruled: The halachah is in agreement with R'Simeon, This, however, applies only where no 'erub<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By the tenants of each courtyard.');">²¹</span> had been prepared,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For their respective courtyards. As in the absence of all 'erub they are forbidden to carry any objects from their houses into their courtyards there is no need to provide against the possibility of the carrying of an object from one of the houses into a neighbouring courtyard.');">²²</span> but not where one<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Each courtyard for itself but no two courtyards jointly.');">²³</span>

ר"ש לטעמיה דלא גזר דתנן א"ר שמעון למה הדבר דומה לשלש חצירות הפתוחות זו לזו ופתוחות לרה"ר ועירבו שתי החיצונות עם האמצעית היא מותרת עמהן והן מותרות עמה וב' החיצונות אסורין זו עם זו

had been prepared, since [in the latter case] a preventive measure must be enacted<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Forbidding the transfer of objects from one courtyard into another, even though these were all the time in the courtyard.');">²⁴</span> against the possibility of carrying out objects from the houses [in one courtyard] into a [neighbouring] courtyard.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which even R. Simeon forbids. Cf. Supra n. 12 mut. mut.');">²⁵</span> Samuel, however, ruled: [The same law<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It. Simeon's.');">²⁶</span>

ולא גזר דילמא אתי לאפוקי מאני דהא חצר להא חצר ה"נ לא גזרינן דילמא אתי לאפוקי מאני דבתים לחצר

applies] whether an 'erub had been prepared or not. So also said R'Johanan: 'Who whispered this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The distinction drawn by Rab (cf. Rabbenu Samuel in Tosaf a.l.) . Rashi deletes 'who . . you'. For another interpretation (cf. R. Tam. in Tosaf. loc. cit.) .');">²⁷</span> to you?

מתיב רב ששת ר"ש אומר אחד גגות אחד חצירות ואחד קרפיפות רשות אחת הן לכלים ששבתו בתוכן ולא לכלים ששבתו בתוך הבית אי אמרת בשלמא דעירבו היינו דמשכחת לה מאני דבתים בחצר

[There is in fact no difference] whether an 'erub had been prepared or not'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In either case freedom of movement is permitted.');">²⁸</span> R'Hisda demurred: According to the view of Samuel and R'Johanan,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That, though objects that were in a courtyard when the Sabbath began may be moved into another courtyard, those that were at the time mentioned in a house in that courtyard may not be moved to an adjoining courtyard, even after they had been brought into their own courtyard by means of an 'erub.');">²⁹</span> it might well be objected, 'Two objects in the same courtyard, and one may be moved<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Into an adjoining courtyard (cf. prev. n.) .');">³⁰</span>

אלא אי אמרת בשלא עירבו היכי משכחת לה מאני דבתים בחצר הוא מותיב לה והוא מפרק לה בכומתא וסודרא

while the other may not!'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As a result, people might take the liberty of carrying the two kinds of objects into the next courtyard. Why then was no preventive measure enacted against such a possibility?');">³¹</span> - R'Simeon follows his own principle that in such cases no preventive measure need be enacted. For we learned: R'Simeon remarked: To what may this case be compared? To three courtyards that open one into the other and also into a public domain where, if the two outer ones made an 'erub with the middle one, It is permitted to have access to them and they are permitted access to it, but the two outer ones are forbidden access to one another'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra 45b q.v. notes.');">³²</span> and no preventive measure against the possibility of carrying objects from the one courtyard into the other had been enacted; so also here no preventive measure has been enacted against the possibility of carrying objects from the houses of one courtyard into the next courtyard. R'Shesheth raised an objection: R'SIMEON RULED: ROOFS, COURTYARDS AND KARPAFS ARE EQUALLY REGARDED AS ONE DOMAIN IN RESPECT OF CARRYING FROM ONE INTO THE OTHER OBJECTS THAT WERE KEPT WITH THEM WHEN THE SABBATH BEGAN, BUT NOT IN RESPECT OF OBJECTS THAT WERE IN THE HOUSE WHEN THE SABBATH BEGAN. Now if you grant that the ruling<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Simeon's.');">³³</span> applies also to cases where an erub had been prepared it is quite easy to see how objects from a house call be found in a courtyard,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And the limitation, 'BUT NOT IN RESPECT OF OBJECTS THAT WERE IN THE HOUSE' was consequently necessary.');">³⁴</span> but if you maintain that the ruling; applies only to cases where no 'erub had been prepared, how<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since in the absence of all 'erub no object may be carried from any of the houses into the courtyard.');">³⁵</span> is it possible for objects from a house to be found in a courtyard?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This being apparently impossible, what need was there for (cf. supra p. 631, n. 6) the limitation?');">³⁶</span> - He raised the objection and he also supplied the solution: [The objects] referred to might be skull-caps or turbans.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which may well have been in the house when the Sabbath began but were carried into the courtyard on one's head as articles of dress.');">³⁷</span>