Eruvin 184

גפנים מותרין גפנים בקטנה מותר לזרוע את הגדולה

the vines are permitted;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the lesser courtyard cannot influence the larger one which remains independent of it.');">¹</span> if vines grew in the lesser one it is permitted<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even ab initio.');">²</span> to sow in the larger one.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra n. 6. The line of contact between the courtyards being regarded as a doorway to the larger one and, a doorway having the status of a partition, the corn may be sown even in close proximity to the vines (cf. B.B. 26a) . In this case, since they were planed first, the vines also remain permitted (cf. Men. 15a) .');">³</span>

אשה בגדולה וגט בקטנה מתגרשת אשה בקטנה וגט בגדולה אינה מתגרשת

If a woman was in the larger one, and her get<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which her husband threw to her.');">⁴</span> was in the lesser one<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And she was the owner of both courtyards.');">⁵</span> she is<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even according to the view (Git. 77b) that a woman cannot be divorced by the thrusting of a get into her domain unless she was herself present at the time within that domain.');">⁶</span>

צבור בגדולה ושליח צבור בקטנה יוצאין ידי חובתן ציבור בקטנה ושליח ציבור בגדולה אין יוצאין ידי חובתן

divorced thereby;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the lesser courtyard is regarded as a part of the larger one in which she was actually present,');">⁷</span> but if the woman was in the lesser one and her get<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which her husband threw to her.');">⁴</span> in the larger,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And she was the owner of both courtyards.');">⁵</span>

תשעה בגדולה ויחיד בקטנה מצטרפין תשעה בקטנה ואחד בגדולה אין מצטרפין

she is not divorced.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because the larger courtyard forms no part of the lesser one, while the woman within the latter (who, as a rule, has no desire to acquire a get to be divorced) cannot be deemed to be transferred to the larger courtyard.');">⁸</span> If a congregation was in the larger one and the Reader<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sheliah zibbur, lit., 'the messenger of the congregation', who reads the prayers for, and on behalf of those who are themselves unable to read them.');">⁹</span> in the lesser one, they have dully performed their duty,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of prayer. The Reader in the lesser courtyard which is regarded as a part of the larger one is deemed to be in the same place as the congregation.');">¹⁰</span>

צואה בגדולה אסור לקרות קריאת שמע בקטנה צואה בקטנה מותר לקרות קריאת שמע בגדולה

but if the congregation was in the lesser one and the Reader in the larger one they have not performed their duty.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' since the Reader in the larger courtyard, which (as explained supra) is independent of the' lesser one, cannot be regarded as present with them in the lesser one, while a whole congregation cannot be deemed to be transferred from their position and shifted towards the position of an individual.');">¹¹</span> If nine men were in the larger courtyard and one was in the lesser one they may all be combined,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To form a quorum of ten, the minimum number required for a public religious service (cf. supra p. 639, n. 15 mut. mut.)');">¹²</span> but if nine men were in the lesser one and one man in the larger one they may not be combined.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra n. 1 mut. mut.');">¹³</span>

אמר להו אביי א"כ מצינו מחיצה לאיסור שאילמלי אין מחיצה מרחיק ד"א וזורע ואילו השתא אסורה

If excrement was in the larger one it is forbidden to read the portions of the shema'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Keri'ath shema', lit., 'the reading of the shema', the passages from Deut. VI, 4-9 XI, 13-21, and Num. XV, 37-41 the first of which begins with the words 'Shema' Yisroel' ('Hear, O Israel') . The three passages form the central part of the morning and evening services.');">¹⁴</span> in the lesser one,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is deemed to be a part of the former.');">¹⁵</span> but if it was in the lesser one it is permitted to rea the shema' in the larger one.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which (as explained supra) is separated from the lesser one by a virtual doorway which has the status of a partition.');">¹⁶</span>

א"ל רבי זירא לאביי ולא מצינו מחיצה לאיסור והא תנן חצר גדולה שנפרצה לקטנה גדולה מותרת וקטנה אסורה מפני שהיא כפתחה של גדולה

Said Abaye to them, If so, do we not find here a case where a partition<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the virtual doorway (formed, by the projection of the sections of the larger courtyard on both sides of the smaller one) which has the status of a partition.');">¹⁷</span> is a cause of prohibition, for in the absence of a partition<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., but for the projections on both sides of the smaller one which have the status of a partition.');">¹⁸</span> one may sow at a distance of four cubits<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the vines; lit., 'removes four cubits and sows'.');">¹⁹</span>

ואילו השוה את גיפופיה גדולה נמי אסורה

whereas now<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On account of the imaginary partition.');">²⁰</span> this is forbidden? '<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the entire area of the smaller courtyard is forbidden ground.');">²¹</span> But, retorted R'Zera to Abaye, do we not elsewhere also find a case where a partition is a cause of prohibition?

א"ל התם סילוק מחיצות הוא

Have we not in fact learnt: IF THE FULL. WIDTH OF A WALL OF A SMALL.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. relevant note on our MISHNAH:');">²²</span> COURTYARD WAS BROKEN DOWN SO THAT THE YARD FULLY OPENED INTO A LARGE<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. relevant note on our MISHNAH:');">²²</span>

אמר ליה רבא לאביי ולא מצינו מחיצה לאיסור והא אתמר

COURTYARD, THE USE OF THE LARGER ONE IS PERMITTED, BUT THAT OF THE SMALLER ONE IS FORBIDDEN, BECAUSE THE GAP IS REGARDED AS A DOORWAY TO THE FORMER; but if its projections<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The sections of the larger courtyard that projected on both sides of the smaller one.');">²³</span> had been straightened<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By building partitions that cut out these projections from the larger courtyard.');">²⁴</span> the use of the large One also<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which, on account of the partitions d, is now fully exposed to the smaller one as the latter is exposed to it.');">²⁵</span> would have been forbidden?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is another case where a partition is the cause of a prohibition.');">²⁶</span> - There,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The case just cited.');">²⁷</span> the other replied, it is a case of the removal of partitions.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The putting up of the new partitions removes the former partitions so that one cancels out the other. In the case cited by Abaye, however, there is only one set of partitions and these very partitions are the cause of the prohibition.');">²⁸</span> 'Do we not', retorted Raba to Abaye, 'find a partition to be the cause of a prohibition? Has it not in fact been stated: