Eruvin 196:1

בכותל שאינו משופע למעלה משלשה גוללו אצלו למטה משלשה הופכו על הכתב:

of a wall that was not slanting and it came to rest above three handbreadths [from the ground], he may roll it back to himself; but if below the three handbreadths,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A level that is regarded as the actual ground.');">¹</span> HE MUST TURN IT OVER WITH ITS WRITING DOWNWARDS. R'JUDAH RULED: EVEN IF IT WAS REMOVED, FROM THE GROUND BY NO MORE THAN etc. , because it is essential<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If it is to be deemed to have come to rest In a certain domain, and if the prescribed penalties are to be incurred.');">²</span>

רבי יהודה אומר אפילו אינו מסולק מן הארץ וכו': דבעינן הנחה על גבי משהו

that the object shall come to rest on something.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is not enough that it passed through the air of the domain however low the level.');">³</span> But then what of the statement of Raba that even if all object came within three handbreadths [from the ground] it is necessary<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If it is to be deemed to have come to rest In a certain domain, and if the prescribed penalties are to be incurred.');">²</span> according to the Rabbis that it shall rest<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is not enough that it passed through the air of the domain however low the level.');">³</span>

ואלא הא דאמר רבא תוך שלשה לרבנן צריך הנחה לימא כתנאי אמרה לשמעתיה

on something,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Shah 80a, 100a.');">⁴</span> must it be assumed<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the first Tanna in our Mishnah apparently differs from R. Judah's view.');">⁵</span> that he based his teaching on what is a dispute between Tannas? - The fact is that all this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' All the anonymous part of our Mishnah including the ruling explicitly attributed to R. Judah.');">⁶</span>

אלא כולה רבי יהודה היא וחסורי מיחסרא והכי קתני במה דברים אמורים בכותל משופע אבל בכותל שאינו משופע אפילו פחות משלשה טפחים גוללו אצלו שרבי יהודה אומר אפילו אינו מסולק מן הארץ אלא מלא החוט גוללו אצלו

represents the view of R'Judah, but some words are missing, the correct reading being as follows: This applies only to a slanting wall, but in the case of a wall that was not slanting, even if it was below three handbreadths from the ground, he may roll it back because R'JUDAH RULED: EVEN IF IT WAS REMOVED FROM THE GROUND BY NO MORE THAN A THREADS THICKNESS, HE MAY ROLL. IT BACK TO HIMSELF. What is the reason?

מאי טעמא דבעינן הנחה על גבי משהו:

Because it is essential<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 679, n. 9.');">⁷</span> that the object shall come to rest on something. <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>IF THERE WAS A LEDGE<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That was no less than four handbreadths wide and no less than ten handbreadths raised from the ground.');">⁸</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> זיז שלפני חלון נותנין עליו ונוטלין ממנו בשבת:

IN FRONT OF A WINDOW IT IS PERMltted<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To persons in the house, since (cf. prev. n.) the ledge has the status of a private domain.');">⁹</span> TO PUT OBJECTS UPON IT OR TO REMOVE OBJECTS FROM IT ON THE SABBATH. <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>Whither did the LEDGE project?

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> האי זיז דמפיק להיכא אילימא דמפיק לרשות הרבים ליחוש דילמא נפיל ואתי לאיתויי אלא דמפיק לרשות היחיד פשיטא

If it be suggested that it projected on to a public domain, why should no provision be made against the possibility<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'let it be apprehended'.');">¹⁰</span> that an object might drop<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the ledge into the public domain below.');">¹¹</span> and one would be tempted<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'and come'.');">¹²</span>

אמר אביי לעולם דמפיק לרשות הרבים ומאי נותנין עליו דקתני כלים הנשברים:

to carry it?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Back to the private domain and thus transgress a Pentateuchal law.');">¹³</span> If, on the other hand, it be projected on to a private domain, is not this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The ruling in our MISHNAH:');">¹⁴</span> obvious?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the ledge is a private domain within a private domain.');">¹⁵</span>

תניא נמי הכי זיז שלפני החלון היוצא לרשות הרבים נותנין עליו קערות וכוסות קיתוניות וצלוחיות

- Abaye replied: The fact is that it projected on to a public domain, but the ruling, that IT IS PERMITTED TO PUT OBJECTS UPON IT, refers only to<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'and what. . that he learned'.');">¹⁶</span> breakable objects.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If these were to drop from the ledge no one would be likely to carry the fragments back into the house. Hence no preventive measure was necessary.');">¹⁷</span> So it was also taught: If a ledge in front of window projected into a public domain it is permitted to put upon it dishes, cups, ladles or bottles;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' All of which are fragile.');">¹⁸</span>

ומשתמש בכל הכותל עד עשרה התחתונים ואם יש זיז אחד למטה ממנו משתמש בו ובעליון אין משתמש בו אלא כנגד חלונו

and [it is permitted] to use<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'and uses'.');">¹⁹</span> all the wall<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the holes and crevices in it (so Tosaf. a.l. contra Rashi) .');">²⁰</span> as far as its lowest ten handbreadths.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But not lower, since a height that is less than ten handbreadths is counted as the public domain.');">²¹</span>

האי זיז היכי דמי אי דלית ביה ארבעה מקום פטור הוא ואפילו כנגד חלונו נמי לא ישתמש ואי אית ביה ארבעה בכולי הכותל לישתמש

If there was a ledge below it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But above ten handbreadths from the ground.');">²²</span> one may use it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even if it extends along the entire length of the wall.');">²³</span> while the upper one may be used only in front of one's window.

אמר אביי תחתון דאית ביה ארבעה ועליון לית ביה ארבעה וחלון משלימתו לד' כנגד חלון משתמש דחורי חלון הוא דהאי גיסא ודהאי גיסא אסור:

Now what kind of ledge is one to imagine?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The upper one to be.');">²⁴</span> If its width was less than<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'there is not in it'.');">²⁵</span> four handbreadths, is it not a free domain which<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though its occasional use is permitted to the people of both the public and the private domain');">²⁶</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> עומד אדם ברשות היחיד ומטלטל ברשות הרבים ברשות הרבים ומטלטל ברה"י ובלבד שלא יוציא חוץ מארבע אמות:

one must not use<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Regularly.');">²⁷</span> even in front of one's window?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As its area is small, objects are certain to fall off, and the placing of such objects upon it assumes the appearance of direct throwing from a private into a public domain.');">²⁸</span> If, on the other hand, its with was four handbreadths, why<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since it is a private domain.');">²⁹</span>

לא יעמוד אדם ברשות היחיד וישתין ברה"ר ברה"ר וישתין ברה"י וכן לא ירוק

should not one be allowed to use it along the entire length of the wall? - Abaye replied: This is a case where the lower ledge was four handbreadths wide, while the upper one was not four handbreadths wide but the window-sill made it up to four handbreadths. [Consequently] One may use it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The upper ledge.');">³⁰</span> in front of the window since it is regarded as an extension<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'holes'.');">³¹</span>

רבי יהודה אומר אף משנתלש רוקו בפיו לא יהלך ארבע אמות עד שירוק:

of the window-sill but its section on the one side or on the other<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since it cannot be regarded as an extension of the window, and its own width is less than the minimum prescribed for a private domain.');">³²</span> remains forbidden. <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>A MAN MAY STAND<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the Sabbath.');">³³</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> מתני ליה רב חיננא בר שלמיא לחייא בר רב קמיה דרב לא יעמוד אדם ברה"י ומטלטל ברה"ר אמר ליה שבקת רבנן ועבדת כר"מ

IN A PRIVATE DOMAIN AND MOVE OBJECTS IN A PUBLIC DOMAIN OR HE MAY STAND IN A PUBLIC DOMAIN AND<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By bending forward.');">³⁴</span> MOVE OBJECTS IN A PRIVATE DOMAIN, PROVIDED HE DOES NOT TAKE THEM BEYOND FOUR CUBITS.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the place where he picked them up.');">³⁵</span> A MAN MAY NOT STAND IN A PRIVATE DOMAIN AND MAKE WATER IN A PUBLIC DOMAIN OR IN A PUBLIC DOMAIN AND MAKE WATER IN A PRIVATE DOMAIN, AND THE SAME APPLIES TO SPITTING.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'and so he shall not spit'.');">³⁶</span> R'JUDAH RULED: EVEN WHERE A PERSON'S SPITTLE ACCUMULATED<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'plucked'.');">³⁷</span> IN HIS MOUTH, HE MUST NOT WALK FOUR CUBITS BEFORE HE SPAT OUT.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The spittle being regarded as a burden which one must not carry beyond four cubits in a public domain.');">³⁸</span> <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>R'Hinena<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' MS.M., 'Hanania');">³⁹</span> B'Shelemya taught Hiyya B'Rab in the presence of Rab: A man may not stand in a private domain and move objects in a public domain.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This being a preventive measure against the possibility of transferring the object from the public into the private domain.');">⁴⁰</span> 'Do you', he<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rab.');">⁴¹</span> said to him, 'ignore<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'leave'.');">⁴²</span> the Rabbis<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the anonymous view expressed in our MISHNAH:');">⁴³</span> and act according to the view of R'Meir? '<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who adopted (infra 101a) a preventive measure of a similar character.');">⁴⁴</span>