Eruvin 198

וכן בגת

AND A SIMILAR LAW APPlies TO A WINEPRESS.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which must refer to one that was lower than ten handbreadths which consequently had the status of a karmelith. It cannot refer to one that had the status of a private domain since the law relating to the latter had already been dealt with.');">¹</span> Raba, however, explained: The reference<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the mention of the winepress.');">²</span> is to<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'as regards'.');">³</span>

ורבא אמר לענין מעשר וכן אמר רב ששת וכן בגת לענין מעשר

tithe; and so explained R'Shesheth: AND A SIMILAR LAW APPLIES TO A WINEPRESS refers to<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'as regards'.');">³</span> tithe. For we learned: It is permitted<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To any person who stands within the winepress.');">⁴</span>

דתנן שותין על הגת בין בחמין ובין בצונן ופטור דברי רבי מאיר רבי אליעזר בר צדוק מחייב

to drink wine out of a winepress irrespective of whether it was mixed with hot water or cold water, and to be exempt from the tithe;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Provided the wine had not been carried outside the winepress the drink is regarded as occasional and consequently not subject to tithe.');">⁵</span> so R'Meir. R'Eliezer B'Zadok declared it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since it was mixed with water.');">⁶</span>

וחכ"א על החמין חייב ועל הצונן פטור מפני שמחזיר את המותר:

to be liable to tithe,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The dilution in the water imparts to it the nature of a regular drink which is subject to the tithe.');">⁷</span> while the Sages ruled: In the case of hot wine<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. wine mixed with hot water.');">⁸</span> one is liable to the tithe<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Once the wine is mixed with hot water it can no longer be returned to the press. If a person, therefore, has mixed it with such water his intention must have been to drink all of it and it consequently assumes the character of a regular drink which is subject to tithe.');">⁹</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> קולט אדם מן המזחילה למטה מי' טפחים ומן הצינור מ"מ שותה:

but in that of cold wine<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Wine mixed with cold water.');">¹⁰</span> one is exempt since whatever remains<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of the drink.');">¹¹</span> is poured back.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To the winepress. The drink, therefore, is regarded as merely an occasional one that is exempt from the tithe. What our Mishnah teaches is that, according to R. Meir whose view the last clause represents, a man must not stand on the ground and drink front the winepress without first setting aside the required tithe unless, as in the case of the domains spoken of, he puts HIS HEAD AND THE GREATER PART OF HIS BODY into the winepress.');">¹²</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> קולט אין אבל מצרף לא מ"ט אמר רב נחמן הכא במזחילה פחות מג' סמוך לגג עסקינן דכל פחות מג' סמוך לגג כגג דמי

<big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>A MAN<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Standing in a public domain.');">¹³</span> MAY INTERCEPT<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the Sabbath.');">¹⁴</span> WATER FROM A GUTTER<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That runs along the side of a roof within three handbreadths from it (v. Gemara infra) .');">¹⁵</span>

תניא נמי הכי עומד אדם ברה"י ומגביה ידו למעלה מעשרה טפחים לפחות משלשה סמוך לגג וקולט ובלבד שלא יצרף

AT A LEVEL BELOW TEN HANDBREADTHS FROM THE GROUND,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is regarded as a part of the public domain; or even at a higher level which is a free domain. The intention on the level below ten is due to the ruling that follows, which cannot apply to a higher level.');">¹⁶</span> BUT FROM A WATER-SPOUT<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The mouth of which projected into the public domain at some distance from the roof and below ten handbreadth from the ground, in consequence of which it is regarded is a part of the public domain.');">¹⁷</span> HE MAY DRINK IN ANY MANNER.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. he may even press his lips to the mouth of the spout and drink directly from it. This is not permitted in the case of a gutter which, being');">¹⁸</span>

תניא אידך לא יעמוד אדם ברה"י ויגביה ידו למעלה מעשרה טפחים לפחות מג' סמוך לגג ויצרף אבל קולט הוא ושותה:

<big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>He may only<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'yes'.');">¹⁹</span> INTERCEPT the water<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In mid air.');">²⁰</span> but may not press his lips to the gutter.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To drink directly from it.');">²¹</span>

מן הצינור מ"מ שותה: תנא אם יש בצינור ד' על ד' אסור מפני שהוא כמוציא מרשות לרשות:

What is the reason? - R'Nahman replied: We are here dealing with a gutter that was withn<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'less than'.');">²²</span> three handbreadths from the roof, since any structure<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Such as a gutter.');">²³</span> that is within three handbreadths from the roof is regarded as being the same domain as the roof.

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> בור ברה"ר וחולייתו גבוה י' טפחים חלון שעל גביו ממלאין הימנו בשבת אשפה

So<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That a gutter within three handbreadths from a roof is regarded as the same domain as the roof and that one drinking directly from such a gutter is deemed to be drinking from the roof itself.');">²⁴</span> it was also taught: A man standing in a private domain<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On a roof, for instance.');">²⁵</span> may raise his hand above ten handbreadths<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the floor of that domain.');">²⁶</span>

ברה"ר גבוה י' טפחים חלון שעל גביו שופכין לתוכה מים בשבת:

towards a gutter that was within less than three handbreadths from a roof<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Above the one on which he stands.');">²⁷</span> and intercept<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In mid air.');">²⁰</span> the water,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That flowed from that gutter upon his root');">²⁸</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> במאי עסקינן אילימא בסמוכה למה לי חוליא י'

provided he does not press this lips to it]. Elsewhere it was taught: A man standing in a private domain<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On a roof, for instance.');">²⁵</span> may not raise his hand above ten handbreadths<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the floor of that domain.');">²⁶</span>

אמר רב הונא הכא במאי עסקינן במופלגת מן הכותל ארבעה

towards a gutter 'that was within less than three handbreadths from a roof and press it to it, but he may intercept [the water]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In mid air.');">²⁰</span> and then drink. FROM A WATER-SPOUT HE MAY DRINK IN ANY MANNER'One taught: If the spout had an area of four handbreadths by four this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To drink directly from the mouth of the spout.');">²⁹</span>

וטעמא דאיכא חוליא עשרה הא ליכא חוליא עשרה קא מטלטל מרה"י לרה"י דרך רה"ר

is forbidden<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even if it was within ten handbreadths from the ground.');">³⁰</span> because this would be like taking from one domain<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A karmelith.');">³¹</span> into another.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A public domain.');">³²</span>

ורבי יוחנן אמר אפילו תימא בסמוכה הא קמ"ל דבור וחולייתו מצטרפין לעשרה:

<big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>IF A CISTERN IN A PUBLIC DOMAIN HAD AN EMBANKMENT TEN HANDBREADTHS HIGH, IT IS PERMITTED TO DRAW WATER FROM IT ON THE SABBATH THROUGH A WINDOW ABOVE IT. IF A RUBBISH-HEAP IN A PUBLIC DOMAIN WAS TEN HANDBREADTHS HIGH, IT IS PERMITTED TO POUR WATER ON IT ON THE SABBATH FROM A WINDOW ABOVE IT. <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>What<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' CISTERN.');">³³</span>

אשפה ברה"ר וכו': ולא חיישינן שמא תנטל אשפה

are we dealing with here? If it be Suggested: With one that was near,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To the wall, within four handbreadths from it.');">³⁴</span> what need was there,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For the purpose of permitting the use of the cistern from the window.');">³⁵</span>

והא רבין בר רב אדא אמר רבי יצחק מעשה במבוי אחד שצידו אחד כלה לים וצידו אחד כלה לאשפה ובא מעשה לפני רבי ולא אמר בו לא איסור ולא היתר

[it might be objected,] for<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'wherefore to me'.');">³⁶</span> an embankment that was ten handbreadths high?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even if there were no embankment the drawing up of water through the window would have been permitted, since a cistern, ten handbreadths deep, is itself a private domain and, being within four handbreadths from the wall, no material part of the public domain intervened between it and the wall.');">³⁷</span> - R'Huna replied: We are here dealing with a cistern that was removed four handbreadths from the wall.

היתר לא אמר בו דחיישינן שמא תנטל אשפה ויעלה הים שירטון

Hence it is only<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'and the reason'.');">³⁸</span> where there was an embankment ten handbreadths high that the ruling<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' that IT IS PERMITTED TO DRAW WATER etc.');">³⁹</span> applies.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the bucket never enters the public domain.');">⁴⁰</span>

איסור לא אמר בו דהא קיימין מחיצות

but where there was no embankment ten handbreadths high one would be moving an object<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The bucket or the water.');">⁴¹</span> from one private domain into another by way of a public domain.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The strip of four handbreadths wide or more that intervened between the wall and the cistern.');">⁴²</span> R'Johanan, however, replied: It<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' that IT IS PERMITTED TO DRAW WATER etc.');">³⁹</span>

לא קשיא הא דיחיד הא דרבים:

may even be assumed to refer to a cistern that was near,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To the wall, within four handbreadths from it.');">³⁴</span> but<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In reply to the objection What need was there for an embankment' etc.');">⁴³</span> it is this that we were informed: That the depth of a cistern and the height of its embankment<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though each is less than ten handbreadths in depth or in height.');">⁴⁴</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> אילן שהיה מיסך על הארץ אם אין גופו גבוה מן הארץ שלשה טפחים מטלטלים תחתיו

may be combined<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For the purpose of constituting a private domain.');">⁴⁵</span> to the prescribed depth of ten handbreadths. IF A RUBBISH-HEAP IN A PUBLIC DOMAIN etc. There is no need then to provide against the possibility that the rubbish' heap might be removed;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When its place would become a public domain and people might continue to use it from the window as if it were still a private domain.');">⁴⁶</span>

שרשיו גבוהים מן הארץ ג' טפחים לא ישב עליהן:

but did not Rabin son of R'Adda state in the name of R'Isaac: It once occurred that one side of an alley terminated in the sea<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whose embankments were ten handbreadths high.');">⁴⁷</span> and the other terminated in a rubbish heap.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Also ten handbreadths high; while of the other two sides one adjoined a public domain and the other was closed up, houses and courtyards opening out from it.');">⁴⁸</span> and when the facts were submitted to Rabbi he neither permitted nor forbade the movement of objects<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the Sabbath.');">⁴⁹</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> א"ר הונא בריה דרב יהושע אין מטלטלין בו יתר מבית סאתים מ"ט

in that alley; he did not declare it to be permitted since the possibility had to be considered that the rubbish-heap might be removed<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And its place would use the character of a private domain.');">⁵⁰</span> or the sea might throw up alluvium,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Thus turning the place, when dried up, into a public domain, and the public would use it as a thoroughfare (cf. R. Han.) .');">⁵¹</span> and he did not declare it to be forbidden because<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' At the time at least.');">⁵²</span> partitions<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The side from which the doors had opened, the sea embankment and the rubbish-heap.');">⁵³</span> in fact existed?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra 8a. Now since provision against the possibility of the cleaning of the rubbish-heap was made in the case of the alley, why was no similar provision made in the case deal with in our Mishnah?');">⁵⁴</span> - This is no difficulty, since the latter refers to one<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'that', the rubbish-heap at the side of the alley.');">⁵⁵</span> that belonged to an individual<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where the clearance of the comparatively small quantity of rubbish might well be expected.');">⁵⁶</span> whereas the former<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That referred to in our MISHNAH:');">⁵⁷</span> refers to one that belonged to the public.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is unlikely to be removed.');">⁵⁸</span> <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>WHERE A TREE OVERSHADOWS THE GROUND<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. its branches hanging downwards all around.');">⁵⁹</span> IT IS PERMITTED TO MOVE OBJECTS UNDER IT IF THE TOPS OF ITS BRANCHES ARE NOT HIGHER THAN THREE HANDBREADTHS FROM THE GROUND.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Their separation from the ground by less than three handbreadths is, wider the law of labud, completely disregarded and they are, therefore, deemed to be actually touching the ground; and, since at their other ends at which they are joined to the tree they are raised ten handbreadths from the ground, they constitute a partition ten handbreadths high all round that tree.');">⁶⁰</span> IF ITS ROOTS ARE THREE HANDBREADTHS HIGH ABOVE THE GROUND<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And much more so if they were higher.');">⁶¹</span> ONE MAY NOT SIT ON THEM.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Such a height imparts to them the character of a tree which may not be made use of on the Sabbath.');">⁶²</span> <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>R'Huna the son of R'Joshua ruled: No objects may be moved<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Beyond four cubits.');">⁶³</span> under it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The tree dealt with in our MISHNAH:');">⁶⁴</span> where the area was greater than two beth se'ah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even though the tree had been originally planted for the purpose of overshadowing the ground and serving as a shelter for watchmen.');">⁶⁵</span> What is the reason?