Eruvin 5

לא תיהני ליה אמלתרא דהא היכל אמלתרא הויא ליה ואפי' הכי עשרים אמה הוא דגבוה דתנן חמש אמלתראות של מילה היו על גביו זו למעלה מזו וזו למעלה מזו

a cornice<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' or cf. Gr. **.');">¹</span> should be of no avail,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where the gateway is higher than twenty cubits. vkhn');">²</span> since [the entrance to the] Hekal had a cornice and yet was only twenty cubits high?

והאי מאי תיובתא דילמא כי תניא ההיא דאמלתראות באולם תניא

For have we not learnt: Five cornices of oak<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' cf. Gr. ** quercus infectoria.');">³</span> were above it, one higher than the other? ( What<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The argument is interrupted by the discussion within the brackets and is then resumed.');">⁴</span>

והאי מאי קושיא דילמא תבנית היכל כתבנית אולם

an objection, however, is this? Is it not possible that the statement about the cornices was made in respect of the Ulam?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' While the entrance to the Hekal may have had no cornice at all?');">⁵</span> - And what difficulty is this! It is quite possible that the build of [the entrance to] the Hekal w like that of the Ulam.)

אלמה אמר רבי אילעא אמר רב רחבה ד' אע"פ שאינה בריאה ואם יש לה אמלתרא אפי' גבוהה יותר מעשרים אמה אינו צריך למעט

Then<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra n. 13.');">⁶</span> why did R'Il'a state in the name of Rab [that if a cross-beam was] four [handbreadths] wide [it constitutes a proper gateway] even though it is not strong enough,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To carry the weight of an ariah (a small brick hall' the size of an ordinary one) , v. infra 13b.');">⁷</span> and if it had a cornice there is no need to lower it even if it was higher than twenty cubits? - R'Joseph replied: [The ruling about] the cornice is that of a Baraitha.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Not that of Rab himself. Hence there is no contradiction between Rab's own statements.');">⁸</span>

אמר רב יוסף אמלתרא מתניתא היא מאן קתני לה

⁹ - Abaye replied: Hama<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Delete with MS.M. and Bah. Emden reads: 'R. Hama'.');">¹⁰</span> the son of Rabbah B'Abbuha learned it."&gt; But even if [the ruling about] the cornice is a Baraitha, does it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This Baraitha from which it is obvious that the inference is not made from the door of the Hekal.');">¹¹</span>

אמר אביי והא חמא בריה דרבה בר אבוה קתני לה ותיהוי אמלתרא מתניתא ותיקשי לרב

not present an objection against Rab?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who stated (supra 2a) that the inference is made from the door of the Hekal; whereas from this Baraitha it is evident that such an inference is not drawn.');">¹²</span> - Rab can answer you: Even if I am removed from here,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. even if his opinion had never been expressed.');">¹³</span> are not the two Baraithas<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The one just cited and that quoted supra 2b where the inference from the door of the Hekal is specifically mentioned.');">¹⁴</span>

אמר לך רב דל אנא מהכא מתנייתא מי לא קשיין אהדדי אלא מאי אית לך למימר תנאי היא לדידי נמי תנאי היא

mutually contradictory? All you can reply,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'what have you to say'.');">¹⁵</span> [however, is that they represent the views of different] Tannas;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Tanna supra 2b infers from the Hekal and consequently limits the height of a gateway to twenty cubits irrespective of the presence or absence of a cornice, while the Tanna of the last cited Baraitha draws no such inference.');">¹⁶</span>

רב נחמן בר יצחק אמר בלא רב מתנייתא אהדדי לא קשיין לרבנן קורה טעמא מאי משום היכרא והאי דקתני יתר מפתחו של היכל סימנא בעלמא

so also [the reply to the contradiction] against me may be [that our respective statements are the views of different] Tannas. R'Nahman B'Isaac said: In the absence of [the statement of] Rab<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. if Rab had not suggested that the Rabbis in the first Baraitha derived their measurement from the door of the Hekal.');">¹⁷</span> there is no contradiction between the [two] Baraithas, since the reason of the Rabbis [for limiting the height of] the beam, [may be] that there should be a distinguishing mark<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Between the alley and the public domain into which it opens. At a height of more than twenty cubits the beam would not be noticed and people might mistake the alley for a public domain. As a cornice can be noticed even at a higher altitude the limit of twenty cubits, as stated in the second Baraitha, was in its case removed.');">¹⁸</span>

ורב נחמן בר יצחק הניחא אי לא סבירא ליה הא דרבה אלא אי סבירא ליה הא דרבה דאמר רבה כתיב (ויקרא כג, מג) למען ידעו דורותיכם כי בסכות הושבתי עד עשרים אמה אדם יודע שדר בסוכה למעלה מעשרים אמה אין אדם יודע משום דלא שלטא ביה עינא

and that the use of the expression,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'and that which he taught'.');">¹⁹</span> 'higher than the doorway of the Hekal'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the first Baraitha.');">²⁰</span> is a mere mnemonic.

אלמא גבי סוכה נמי בהיכרא פליגי איפלוגי בתרתי למה לי

As to R'Nahman B'Isaac, [his explanation may be accepted as] satisfactory if he does not adopt the view of Rabbah; but if he does adopt the view of Rabbah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Suk. 2a.');">²¹</span> who stated: 'It is written in Scripture: That your generations may know that I made the children of Israel dwell in booths,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXIII, 43, emphasis on 'know'.');">²²</span> [if the roof of the booth is] not higher than<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'until'.');">²³</span>

צריכא דאי אשמעינן גבי סוכה בהא קאמר ר' יהודה כיון דלישיבה עבידא שלטא ביה עינא אבל מבוי דלהילוך עביד אימא מודה להו לרבנן ואי אשמעינן בהא בהא קאמרי רבנן אבל בהך אימא מודו ליה לר' יהודה צריכא

twenty cubits, one knows that one is living in a booth but if it is higher than twenty cubits one would not know it, since [the roof] does not catch the eye',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'the eye does not rule over it'. Suk. 2a'');">²⁴</span> from which it is clear that in respect of sukkah also they<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Rabbis and R. Judah, who declare such a booth valid. hk uvk');">²⁵</span> differ on the question of distinction, why [it may be asked] should they<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For (sing.) read with Bah (plur.) .');">²⁶</span>

מאי אמלתרא רב חמא בריה דרבה בר אבוה אמר קיני כי אתא רב דימי אמר אמרי במערבא פסקי דארזא

express the [same] difference<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Rabbis insisting on, and R. Judah dispensing with the necessity for a distinction.');">²⁷</span> in two [rulings]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Those of (a) sukkah and (b) the cross-beam of an alley.');">²⁸</span> - [Both are] required.

מאן דאמר פסקי דארזא כ"ש קיני מ"ד קיני אבל פסקי דארזא לא

For if we had been informed [of their dispute] in respect of sukkah only, it might have been assumed that only in this case does R'Judah maintain his view, [because a sukkah], since it is made for the purpose of sitting in, the eye would well observe<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Supra n. 4.');">²⁹</span> [the roof], but [that in the case of] an alley, since it is used for walking<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is not usual to sit down in an open alley and in passing one would not see a beam lying too high.');">³⁰</span> he agrees with the Rabbis.

ומ"ד פסקי דארזא מ"ט משום דנפיש משכיה והא סוכה דנפיש משכיה וקאמרי רבנן דלא

And if we had been informed of the other<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'of that', the entrance to an alley.');">³¹</span> [ruling only], it might have been assumed that only in this case did the Rabbis maintain their view, but that in the other case they agree with R'Judah. [Hence the] necessity [for both rulings].

אלא כיון דקא חשיב אית ליה קלא:

What [is the meaning of] amaltera?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Heb. for 'cornice', v. supra p. 7. hbhe');">³²</span> - R'Hama son of Rabbah B'Abbuha replied: Pigeon holes.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'nests', sc. ornamental carvings in the shape of birds' nests.');">³³</span> When R'Dimi came<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From Palestine to Babylon.');">³⁴</span>

מקצת קורה בתוך עשרים ומקצת קורה למעלה מעשרים מקצת סכך בתוך עשרים ומקצת סכך למעלה מעשרים אמר רבה במבוי כשר בסוכה פסול

he stated that in the West<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Palestine.');">³⁵</span> it was explained as cedar poles.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Fixed to the walls on the sides of the entrance.');">³⁶</span> He who said that cedar poles<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Fixed to the walls on the sides of the entrance.');">³⁶</span>

מאי שנא במבוי דכשר דאמרי' קלוש סוכה נמי לימא קלוש

[constitute a proper entrance would] with even more reason [admit that] pigeon holes [constitute a proper entrance].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the latter are more likely to be noticed by the public.');">³⁷</span> He, however, who said that pigeon holes [constitute a proper entrance recognizes only these] but not cedar poles.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which are not so striking and may, in consequence, remain unnoticed.');">³⁸</span> As to him, however, who recognized<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'said', sc. regarded them as constituting a proper gateway even when higher than twenty cubits.');">³⁹</span>

אי קלשת הויא לה חמתה מרובה מצילתה

cedar poles, is not his reason because their length is considerable?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In consequence of which they would be easily observed even at a considerable height.');">⁴⁰</span> But [if so, it may be objected]: Is not the extent [of the roof] of a sukkah considerable<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra n. 2.');">⁴¹</span> and the Rabbis nevertheless ruled that it is not [valid]!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If it is more than twenty cubits high.');">⁴²</span>

הכא נמי אי קלשת הויא לה קורה הניטלת ברוח אלא על כרחך נעשו כשפודין של מתכת הכא נמי על כרחך נעשית צילתה מרובה מחמתה

- The fact, however, is that since [they are] valuable people talk about them.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'it has a voice', and the public are consequently aware of their existence, a reason which is inapplicable, of course, to a sukkah.');">⁴³</span> If part of [the thickness of] the cross-beam<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' At the entrance of an alley.');">⁴⁴</span> was within twenty cubits<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the ground. lfx');">⁴⁵</span>

אמר רבא מפרזקי' סוכה דליחיד היא לא מדכר מבוי דלרבים מדכרי אהדדי

and part of it above twenty cubits,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the ground. lfx');">⁴⁵</span> or if part of [the depth of] the covering<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' , consisting of branches, twigs or straw.');">⁴⁶</span> [of a sukkah] was within twenty cubits<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the ground. lfx');">⁴⁵</span>

רבינא אמר סוכה דאורייתא אחמירו בה רבנן מבוי דרבנן לא אחמירו ביה רבנן

and part of it above twenty cubits, [such an altitude] said Rabbah, is admissible<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'fit', 'proper', sc. the entrance to the alley is deemed to constitute a proper gateway.');">⁴⁷</span> in the case of an entrance but inadmissible<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'unfit', cf. supra n. 9 mutatis mutandis.');">⁴⁸</span> in that of a sukkah.

רב אדא בר מתנה מתני להא שמעתא דרבה איפכא אמר רבה במבוי פסול בסוכה כשירה

Why is this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A cross-beam of which only a portion is below the height of twenty cubits. auke ake');">⁴⁹</span> admissible in the case of an entrance? Obviously because we say, [Regard the beam as] planed;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And only that portion remained that lay within the twenty cubits. , particip. pass. of 'to weaken', 'to thin out'.');">⁵⁰</span>

מאי שנא סוכה דכשירה דאמרינן קלוש במבוי נמי לימא קלוש

but, then, [why should it not] be said in respect of a sukkah also, [Regard the roof as] thinned?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And only that portion remained that lay within the twenty cubits. , particip. pass. of 'to weaken', 'to thin out'.');">⁵⁰</span> - If you [assume the roof to be] thinned, the sunshine in the sukkah [would have to be assumed to be] more than the shade.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And this would render the sukkah invalid. The roof of a proper Sukkah must be thick enough to enable the shadows in the interior to predominate over the sunshine.');">⁵¹</span> But here also,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the case of a cross-beam over an entrance.');">⁵²</span>

אי קלשת הוי לה קורה הניטלת ברוח הכא נמי אי קלשת הויא לה חמתה מרובה מצילתה אלא על כרחך נעשית צילתה מרובה מחמתה הכא נמי ע"כ נעשו כשפודין של מתכת

if you [regard it as] planed, would not the beam be like one that can be carried away by the wind?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In consequence of which it could not be regarded as a proper beam conforming to the prescribed thickness and strength, V. Supra p. 7, n. 16.');">⁵³</span> Consequently you must [assume that beams in the conditions mentioned]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In view of their general thickness and strength.');">⁵⁴</span> are regarded as metal spits;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A thin one of which can carry as heavy a weight as a thicker one of wood.');">⁵⁵</span>

אמר רבא מפרזקיא סוכה דליחיד היא רמי אנפשיה ומדכר מבוי דלרבי' היא סמכי אהדדי ולא מדכרי דאמרי אינשי קדרא דבי שותפי לא חמימא ולא קרירא

[may it not then], here also [be said], that whatever the assumption<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'against your will'.');">⁵⁶</span> the extent of the shade is actually more than that of the sunshine?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Why then, it may again be asked, did Rabbah rule that a Sukkah in such a condition is invalid?');">⁵⁷</span> - Raba of Parazika<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Farausag, a district near Bagdad (Obermeyer, p. 269) , or Porsica, a town in Mesopotamia (v. Golds.) .');">⁵⁸</span>

רבינא אמר סוכה דאורייתא לא בעי חיזוק מבוי דרבנן בעי חיזוק

replied: In the case of a sukkah, since [it is usually intended] for the use of an individual, one might not remember [the altitude of the roof].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Should, therefore, the section below the altitude of twenty cubits dry up or fall down it might never occur to the individual that his Sukkah, the roof of which was now completely higher than twenty cubits, was no longer valid. He would thus unconsciously live in an invalid Sukkah and so transgress a Pentateuchal precept.');">⁵⁹</span> In the case of an entrance however, since [it is made] for the use of many, [the people concerned] would remind one another.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Supra n. 4 mutatis mutandis.');">⁶⁰</span> Rabina replied:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' v. Supra note 2.');">⁶¹</span>

מאי הוי עלה רבה בר רב עולא אמר זה וזה פסול רבא אמר זה וזה כשר

The Rabbis made the law stricter in respect of a sukkah because [the commandment is] Pentateuchal, but in respect of an entrance [to an alley the prescribed construction of] which is only Rabbinical, the Rabbis did not impose such restrictions. R'Adda B'Mattenah taught the statement of Rabbah just cited in the reverse order: Rabbah said: It is inadmissible in the case of an entrance but admissible in that of a sukkah. Why is this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A roof of a sukkah of which only a portion is below the height of twenty cubits.');">⁶²</span> admissible in the case of a sukkah? Obviously because we say: [Regard the roof as] thinned out;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' v. Supra p. 10, n. 12.');">⁶³</span> but, then, [why should it not] be said in respect of an entrance also: [Regard the beam as] planed?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' v. Supra p. 10, n. 12.');">⁶³</span> - If you [regard it as] planed, the beam would be like one that can be carried away by a wind.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' v. Supra p. 10, n. 15.');">⁶⁴</span> But here also<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the case of the roof of a sukkah.');">⁶⁵</span> if you [regard the roof as] thinned out [would not also] the sunshine in the sukkah [have to be regarded as] larger in extent than its shade? Consequently you must maintain that whatever the assumption,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'against your will'.');">⁶⁶</span> the actual extent of the shadow is larger than that of the sunshine, [may it not then] here also [be said] that whatever the assumption [beams in the condition mentioned] are regarded as metal spits?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra p. 10, n. 17. Why then did Rabbah rule that a cross-beam in such a condition is admissible?');">⁶⁷</span> - Raba of Parazika replied: In the case of a sukkah, since [it is usually made] for one individual, that person realizes his responsibility<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'throws upon himself'.');">⁶⁸</span> and makes a point of remembering [the conditions of the roof].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra p. 11, n. 2.');">⁶⁹</span> In the case of an entrance, however, since [it is made] for the use of many, [the people affected might] rely upon one another and so overlook<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'and would not remember'.');">⁷⁰</span> [any defects in the cross-beam]; for do not people say: 'a pot in charge of two cooks<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'of partners'.');">⁷¹</span> is neither hot nor cold'. Rabina replied:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra p. 11, n. 2.');">⁷²</span> [the law of] sukkah, since it is Pentateuchal, requires no buttressing<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' People would in any case be careful properly to observe it.');">⁷³</span> but that of an entrance, since it is onl Rabbinical, does require buttressing.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Otherwise it might be entirely disregarded.');">⁷⁴</span> What is the ultimate decision?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'what is (the decision) about it'.');">⁷⁵</span> - Rabbah B'R'Ulla replied: The one as well as the other<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'this and this', the roof of a sukkah and a cross-beam if either is even only partially higher than twenty cubits from the ground.');">⁷⁶</span> is inadmissible. Raba replied: The one as well as the other<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'this and this', the roof of a sukkah and a cross-beam if either is even only partially higher than twenty cubits from the ground.');">⁷⁶</span> is admissible,