Eruvin 81

וכן ערב תשעה באב שחל להיות בשבת אוכל ושותה כל צרכו ומעלה על שולחנו אפילו כסעודת שלמה בשעתו חל להיות תשעה באב בערב שבת מביאין לו כביצה ואוכל כדי שלא יכנס לשבת כשהוא מעונה

and, similarly, if the eve of the Ninth of Ab<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The eve of the fast, if it falls on an ordinary day, is also subject to certain restrictions. At the last meal of the day it is forbidden to eat more than one cooked dish nor is it permitted to drink wine or eat meat on that day.');">¹</span> fell on a Sabbath a man may eat and drink as much as he requires and lay on his table a meal as big as that of Solomon in his time. If the Ninth of Ab fell on the Sabbath eve [food] of the size of an egg must be brought and eaten [before the conclusion of the day] so that one does not approach the Sabbath in a state of affliction'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ta'an 29b.');">²</span> It was taught:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Wanting in MS.M. Ban reads 'and it was taught'.');">³</span>

תניא אמר רבי יהודה פעם אחת היינו יושבין לפני ר"ע ותשעה באב שחל להיות בע"ש היה והביאו לו ביצה מגולגלת וגמעה בלא מלח ולא שהיה תאב לה אלא להראות לתלמידים הלכה

R'Judah stated: We were once sitting in the presence of R'Akiba, and the day was a Ninth of Ab that occurred on a Sabbath eve, when a lightly roasted egg was brought to him and he sipped it without any salt. And [this he did] not because he had any appetite for it but in order to show the students what the halachah was.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That a fast on the Sabbath eve must be broken before the Sabbath begins.');">⁴</span> R'Jose, however, ruled: The fast must be fully concluded.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. previous note and supra p. 281, n. 10.');">⁵</span> 'Do you not agree with the', said R'Jose to them, 'that when the Ninth of Ab falls on a Sunday one must break off<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' His meal on the eve of the Fast.');">⁶</span>

ורבי יוסי אומר מתענה ומשלים אמר להן ר' יוסי אי אתם מודים לי בט' באב שחל להיות באחד בשבת שמפסיק מבעוד יום אמרו לו אבל אמר להם מה לי ליכנס בה כשהוא מעונה מה לי לצאת ממנה כשהוא מעונה

while it is yet day? '<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though it is the Sabbath day he must cease eating before the day comes to an end.');">⁷</span> - 'Indeed [it is so]', they replied.' What', he said to them, 'is the difference between<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'what to me'.');">⁸</span> beginning the Sabbath<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'to enter it'.');">⁹</span>

אמרו לו אם אמרת לצאת ממנה שהרי אכל ושתה כל היום כולו תאמר ליכנס בה כשהוא מעונה שלא אכל ושתה כל היום כולו

when one is in a state of affliction<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., to be fasting all the Sabbath eve until the Sabbath actually commenced.');">¹⁰</span> and between letting it out<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'to go out from it'.');">¹¹</span> when one is in such a state? '<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., to begin on the Sabbath the fast that fell on a Sunday. If the latter is permitted, why not also the former?');">¹²</span> 'If you allowed a person',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'you said'.');">¹³</span>

ואמר עולא הלכה כרבי יוסי ומי עבדינן כרבי יוסי ורמינהי אין גוזרין תענית על הציבור בראשי חדשים בחנוכה ובפורים ואם התחילו אין מפסיקין דברי ר"ג אמר ר"מ אף על פי שאמר רבן גמליאל אין מפסיקין מודה היה שאין משלימין וכן בט' באב שחל להיות בע"ש

they replied: 'to let it out<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'to go out from it'.');">¹¹</span> [when in such a state] because he has eaten and drunk throughout the day, would you also allow a person<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'will you say'.');">¹⁴</span> to begin it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'to enter it'.');">⁹</span> when in a state of affliction, though he has not eaten or drunk all day? ' And in connection with this Ulla ruled: The halachah agrees with R'Jose.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A contrary ruling to the one given previously on the enquiry made at R. Huna's.');">¹⁵</span>

ותניא לאחר פטירתו של (רשב"ג) נכנס ר' יהושע להפר את דבריו עמד רבי יוחנן בן נורי על רגליו ואמר חזי אנא דבתר רישא גופא אזיל כל ימיו של רבן גמליאל קבענו הלכה כמותו עכשיו אתה מבקש לבטל דבריו יהושע אין שומעין לך שכבר נקבעה הלכה כר"ג ולא היה אדם שערער בדבר כלום

But do we act in agreement with the view of R'Jose seeing that such action would be contradictory to the following rulings: No fast day may be imposed upon the public on New Moons, Hanukkah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');">¹⁶</span> or Purim,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');">¹⁶</span> but if they began [the period of fasting prior to these days] there is no need to interrupt it;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It may be continued even on the days mentioned.');">¹⁷</span> so R'Gamaliel.

בדורו של רבן גמליאל עבוד כר"ג בדורו של רבי יוסי עבוד כרבי יוסי

Said R'Meir: Although R'Gamaliel laid down that 'there is no need to interrupt it', he agrees nevertheless that [the fasts on these days] must not be concluded,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But must be broken on every one of these days before they respectively draw to a close.');">¹⁸</span> and the same ruling applies to the Ninth of Ab that falls on a Sabbath eve.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ta'an 15b. Cf. previous note.');">¹⁹</span> And it was further taught: After the death of R'Gamaliel,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Reading of marg. note. Cur. edd. in parenthesis, 'R. Simeon b. Gamaliel'.');">²⁰</span> R'Joshua entered [the academy] to abrogate his ruling,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. to lay down that the fast may be concluded even on a Sabbath eve in agreement with R. Jose.');">²¹</span>

ובדורו של ר"ג עבוד כר"ג והתניא א"ר אלעזר (בן) צדוק אני (הייתי) מבני סנאב בן בנימין פעם אחת חל תשעה באב להיות בשבת ודחינוהו לאחר השבת והתענינו בו ולא השלמנוהו מפני שיו"ט שלנו היה טעמא דיו"ט הא ערב יו"ט משלימין

when R'Johanan B'Nuri stood up<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'stood on his feet'.');">²²</span> and exclaimed: 'I submit<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'see (good reason for the statement) '.');">²³</span> that "the body must follow the head";<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Proverb. Cf. 'follow the leader'.');">²⁴</span> throughout the lifetime<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'all his days'.');">²⁵</span>

אמר רבינא שאני יו"ט של דבריהם מתוך שמתענין בו שעות משלימין בו ערביות שבת הואיל ואין מתענין בה שעות אין משלימין בה ערביות

of R'Gamaliel we laid down the halachah in agreement with his view and now you wish to abrogate it? Joshua, we shall not listen to you, since the halachah has once been fixed in agreement with R'Gamaliel!' And there was not a single person who raised any objection whatever to this statement.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A fast on the Sabbath eve accordingly must not be concluded. How then could this be reconciled with the practice in agreement with the view of R. Jose?');">²⁶</span> - In the time<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'in his generation'.');">²⁷</span> of R'Gamaliel the people acted in agreement with the views of R'Gamaliel but in the time<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'in his generation'.');">²⁷</span>

אמר רב יוסף לא שמיע לי הא שמעתא אמר ליה אביי את אמרת ניהלן ואהא אמרת ניהלן אין גוזרין תענית על הצבור בראשי חדשים וכו' ואמרינן עלה אמר רב יהודה אמר רב זו דברי רבי מאיר שאמר משום רבן גמליאל אבל חכמים אומרים מתענה ומשלים

of R'Jose<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who flourished after R. Gamaliel.');">²⁸</span> they acted in agreement with the views of R'Jose. But [could it be maintained] that 'in the time of R'Gamaliel the people acted in agreement with the view of R'Gamaliel'? Was it not in fact taught: R'Eleazar son of R'Zadok<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is the reading according to marg. glos. Cur. edd. insert 'son of' in parenthesis and omit the 'R.' before Zadok. MS.M. Eliezer', omitting his father's name.');">²⁹</span>

מאי לאו אכולהו לא אחנוכה ופורים

stated: 'I am one of the descendants of Seneab of the tribe of Benjamin. Once it happened that the Ninth of Ab fell on a Sabbath and we postponed it to the following Sunday<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'to after the Sabbath'.');">³⁰</span> when we fasted but did not complete the fast because that day was our festival.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ta'an. 12a. The tenth of Ab was allotted to them as the day on which they were entitled to bring the offering of wood for the Temple altar. The families that were entitled to such a privilege kept the respective days allotted to them as a family festival. (V. Rashi a.l. and cf. Ta'an. 26a, 28a) .');">³¹</span> The reason [then<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Why they did not complete the postponed fast.');">³²</span>

הכי נמי מסתברא

was] that [the day had been their] festival, but on the eve of [their] festival<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the usual date of the Ninth of Ab which is the proper fast day and which always occurred on the eve of their festival.');">³³</span> they did complete the fast, did they not?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which proves, since R. Eleazar son of R. Zadok was a contemporary of R. Gamaliel (cf. Bezah 22a) , that on the eve of a festival a fast was completed even in the days of R. Gamaliel,');">³⁴</span> Rabina replied: A festival of Rabbinic origin<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'their words'.');">³⁵</span> is different [from a Sabbath]. Since it is permitted to fast for a number of hours on the former<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As was stated supra, 'When we fasted etc.'');">³⁶</span> it is also permitted to complete a fast on its eves;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The completion of the fast does not involve even a full hour. If one may fast on a Rabbinic festival one should certainly be allowed on it a fast lasting only a portion of an hour.');">³⁷</span> [but as regards] the Sabbath, since it is forbidden to fast on it even for a few hours, it is forbidden to complete a fast on its eves.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where the fast is to be completed its termination would encroach upon the Sabbath and one would incur the guilt of fasting on a Sabbath, however short the duration of that fasting might be.');">³⁸</span> 'I have never heard', said R'Joseph, 'that tradition',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ulla's (supra) that the halachah is in agreement with R. Jose.');">³⁹</span> Said Abaye to him, 'You yourself have told it to us<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Joseph lost his memory as a result of a serious illness and his students often reminded him of traditions and rulings he had imparted to them in his earlier days.');">⁴⁰</span> and you said it in connection with the following: "No fast may be imposed upon the public on New Moons etc. " and it was in connection with this that you told us, "Rab Judah said in the name of Rab: This is the view of R'Meir<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who stated supra that the fast is not to be completed, and the same applies to the fast of the Ninth of Ab that fell on a Sabbath eve.');">⁴¹</span> who laid it down in the name of R'Gamaliel; but the Sages ruled: One must complete the fast". Now does not this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The ruling of the Sages.');">⁴²</span> refer to all the days mentioned?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'on all of them', i.e., that even on a Sabbath eve the fast must be completed. Now since Rab described R. Jose by the plural noun of 'Sages' it is obvious that he intended the halachah to be in agreement with his view.');">⁴³</span> - No; only to Hanukkah and Purim. This may also be supported by a process of reasoning