Eruvin 85

להבריח מים עשויות

are made only to keep the water out.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'to cause to flee'; hence they cannot be regarded as proper walls.');">¹</span> Then why does not Rabbah give the same reason as R'Zera? - He can answer you:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So MS.M. wanting in cur. edd.');">²</span>

ורבה מאי טעמא לא אמר כרבי זירא במהלכת כולי עלמא לא פליגי כי פליגי בשעמדה

Where the ship moves no one<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Not even R. Akiba.');">³</span> disputes [that it is permitted to walk through it];<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For the reason given by R. Zera.');">⁴</span>

אמר רב נחמן בר יצחק מתני' נמי דיקא דבמהלכת לא פליגי ממאי מדקתני מעשה שבאו מפלנדרסין והפליגה ספינתם בים רבן גמליאל ורבי אלעזר בן עזריה הלכו את כולה ורבי יהושע ורבי עקיבא לא זזו מארבע אמות שרצו להחמיר על עצמן

they only differ in the case where it stopped.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And the man consequently remained for a space of time in one spot. R. Zera allows him in consequence no more than four cubits; while Rabbah, since the ship has sides, still permits him to walk throughout the ship.');">⁵</span> Said R'Nahman B'Isaac: From our Mishnah also it may be inferred that they<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Tannas mentioned.');">⁶</span>

אי אמרת בשלמא במהלכת לא פליגי היינו דקתני רצו דילמא עמדה

do not differ in the case of ship that was on the move. Whence?

אלא אי אמרת פליגי האי רצו להחמיר איסורא הוא

From the statement: IT ONCE HAPPENED THAT THEY WERE COMING FROM BRINDISI AND, WHILE THEIR SHIP WAS SAILING IN THE SEA, R'GAMALIEL AND R'ELEAZAR B. AZARIAH WALKED ABOUT THROUGHOUT ITS AREA BUT R'JOSHUA AND R'AKIBA DID NOT MOVE BEYOND FOUR CUBITS BECAUSE THEY DESIRED TO IMPOSE A RESTRICTION UPON THEMSELVES. Now if it be granted that there is no difference of Opinion between them<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Tannas mentioned.');">⁷</span>

אמר רב אשי מתניתין נמי דיקא דקתני ספינה דומיא דדיר וסהר מה דיר וסהר דקביעי אף ספינה נמי דקביעא

in the case where a ship is on the move<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., that in such a case even R. Joshua and R. Akiba admit that it is permitted to walk throughout the ship.');">⁸</span> it was perfectly correct to state, THEY DESIRED', since the ship might have stopped;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Unexpectedly; and they desired to provide against such a possibility.');">⁹</span>

אמר ליה רב אחא בריה דרבא לרב אשי הלכתא כרבן גמליאל בספינה הלכתא מכלל דפליגי

but if it be maintained that they<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Tannas mentioned.');">⁷</span> differ [even in such a case],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Joshua and R. Akiba holding that even when a ship is moving one is forbidden to walk in it more than four cubits.');">¹⁰</span>

אין והתניא חנניא (בן אחי רבי יהושע) אומר כל אותו היום ישבו ודנו בדבר הלכה אמש הכריע אחי אבא הלכה כרבן גמליאל בספינה והלכה כרבי עקיבא בדיר וסהר:

what is the sense in saying,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'that'.');">¹¹</span> 'THEY DESIRED, TO IMPOSE A RESTRICTION' [seeing that in their view walking beyond four cubits] is a prohibition?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Not merely a restriction. Consequently it may be inferred that all the Tannas in our Mishnah agree that while a ship is moving it is permitted to walk throughout all its area.');">¹²</span>

בעי רב חנניא יש תחומין למעלה מעשרה או אין תחומין למעלה מעשרה

R'Ashi said: The inference from our Mishnah also proves [that the dispute between the Tannas mentioned relates to a stationary ship]. For SHIP was mentioned in the same way as A CATTLE-PEN and A CATTLE-FOLD; as a cattle-pen and a cattle-fold are stationary, so is the ship mentioned, one that was stationary.

עמוד גבוה עשרה ורחב ארבעה לא תיבעי לך דארעא סמיכתא היא

R'Aha the son of Raba said to R'Ashi: The law is in agreement with R'Gamaliel in the case of a ship.' The law' [you say]; does this then imply that the others differ from him?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But how could this be maintained in view of the statement that the others only desired to impose 'A RESTRICTION upon themselves but not an actual prohibition?');">¹³</span>

כי תיבעי לך בעמוד גבוה עשרה ואינו רחב ארבעה אי נמי דקאזיל בקפיצה

- Yes;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the dispute applies to a stationary ship, while the statement, THEY DESIRED TO IMPOSE A RESTRICTION UPON THEMSELVES, refers to a ship that was in motion.');">¹⁴</span> and so it was also taught: Hanania<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So MS.M. and Bah. Cur. edd. in parenthesis son of the brother of R. Joshua'.');">¹⁵</span>

לישנא אחרינא בספינה מאי

stated: All that day<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Sabbath on which they were on board the ship.');">¹⁶</span> they sat and discussed the question of the halachah and in the evening my father's brother<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Joshua.');">¹⁷</span>

אמר רב הושעיא ת"ש מעשה שבאו מפלנדרסין והפליגה ספינתם בים וכו' אי אמרת בשלמא יש תחומין משום הכי רצו אלא אי אמרת אין תחומין אמאי רצו

decided that the halachah was in agreement with R'Gamaliel in the case of a ship and the halachah was [in agreement] with R'Akiba in that of a cattle-pen and a cattle-fold. R'Hanania enquired: Is the law of Sabbath limits applicable at a height above ten handbreadths from the ground or not?

כדאמר רבא במהלכת ברקק הכא נמי במהלכת ברקק

There can be no question<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That the law of Sabbath limits is applicable.');">¹⁸</span> in respect of a column that was ten handbreadths high and four handbreadths wide,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And one section of it was within while the other was without the Sabbath limit.');">¹⁹</span>

תא שמע פעם אחת לא נכנסו לנמל עד שחשיכה וכו' אי אמרת בשלמא יש תחומין שפיר אלא אי אמרת אין תחומין כי לא היינו בתוך התחום מאי הוי

since it is regarded as solid ground.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is consequently forbidden to walk from the part within the Sabbath limit to the part without.');">²⁰</span> The question, however, arises in respect of a column that was ten handbreadths high but less than<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'and not'.');">²¹</span>

אמר רבא במהלכת ברקק

four handbreadths in width,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that the top is not quite convenient for walking.');">²²</span> or where one moves<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Through the air.');">²³</span>

תא שמע הני שב שמעתא דאיתאמרן בצפר' בשבתא קמיה דרב חסדא בסורא בהדי פניא בשבתא קמיה דרבא בפומבדיתא

by means of a miraculous leap (another version: In a ship).<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sailing in a ship, which is usually raised more than ten handbreadths from the ground and in constant motion, is similar in this respect to a leap through the air.');">²⁴</span> Now what is the law? - R'Hoshaia replied: Come and hear: IT ONCE HAPPENED THAT THEY WERE COMING FROM BRINDISI AND, WHILE THEIR SHIP WAS SAILING IN THE SEA etc. Now, if it be granted that the law of Sabbath limits is applicable<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' At a height above ten handbreadths from the ground.');">²⁵</span>

מאן אמרינהו לאו אליהו אמרינהו אלמא אין תחומין למעלה מעשרה לא דלמא יוסף שידא אמרינהו

one can well see the reason why they 'DESIRED?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' TO IMPOSE A RESTRICTION UPON THEMSELVES.');">²⁶</span> but if it is contended that the law of the Sabbath limits is inapplicable,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' At a height above ten handbreadths from the ground.');">²⁵</span>

תא שמע הריני נזיר ביום שבן דוד בא מותר לשתות יין בשבתות ובימים טובים

why [it may be asked]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since there can be no possible infringement of the law.');">²⁷</span> did they desire?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' TO IMPOSE A RESTRICTION UPON THEMSELVES.');">²⁶</span> - As Raba explained below that the reference was to a ship that sailed in shallow waters<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Aliter: Moves in diluvial water (Jast.) .');">²⁸</span> so it may here also be explained that the reference is to a ship that sailed in shallow water.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Within ten handbreadths from the ground.');">²⁹</span> Come and hear: ONCE [ON A SABBATH] THEY DID NOT ENTER THE HARBOUR UNTIL DUSK etc. Now, if it be granted that the law of Sabbath limits is applicable<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' At a height above ten handbreadths from the ground.');">²⁵</span> [their action]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In remaining on board the ship until they had received R. Gamaliel's assurance (v. our Mishnah) .');">³⁰</span> was perfectly correct; but if it be contended that the law of Sabbath limits is inapplicable,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' At a height above ten handbreadths from the ground.');">²⁵</span> what [it may be asked]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since there can be no possible infringement of the law.');">²⁷</span> could it have mattered if [they had] not [been assured:] WE WERE ALREADY WITHIN THE SABBATH LIMIT? - Raba replied: That was a case where the ship sailed in shallow waters.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra p. 298, nn. 11f.');">³¹</span> Come and hear: Who was it that delivered the seven traditional rulings on a Sabbath morning to R'Hisda at Sura and on the same Sabbath evening to Rabbah at Pumbeditha?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Places that were too far from one another for a man to walk on the Sabbath from the former to the latter even by means of 'erub.');">³²</span> Was it not Elijah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The immortal prophet who could fly through the air and thus move above ten handbreadths from the ground.');">³³</span> who delivered them, which proves, does it not, that the law of Sabbath limits is inapplicable above ten handbreadths from the ground? - It is possible that the demon Joseph<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who would break the Sabbath laws with impunity, v. Pes. 110b.');">³⁴</span> delivered them. Come and hear: [If a man said,] 'Let me be a nazirite on the day on which the son of David<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Messiah.');">³⁵</span> comes', he may drink wine on Sabbaths and festival days,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the Messiah would not come on such days.');">³⁶</span>