Eruvin 93

Chapter 93

א שלש חצירות של שני בתים ואמר רב חמא בר גוריא אמר רב הלכה כרבי שמעון ומאן פליג עליה רבי יהודה והא אמרת רבי יהודה ור"ש הלכה כרבי יהודה
1 Three courtyards each of which contained two houses';<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Infra 59a q.v. notes.');"><sup>1</sup></span> in connection with which R'Hama B'Goria stated in the name of Rab, 'The halachah is in agreement with R'Simeon'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Infra 49b.');"><sup>2</sup></span> For who is it that differed from him?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Simeon.');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ב ומאי קושיא דילמא הכא נמי היכא דאיתמר איתמר היכא דלא איתמר לא איתמר
2 R'Judah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who was explicitly named.');"><sup>4</sup></span> of course; but has it not been laid down that 'In a dispute between R'Judah and R'Simeon the halachah is in agreement with R'Judah'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of course it has. Hence R. Mesharsheya's conclusion that the rules as to the halachah are to be disregarded.');"><sup>5</sup></span> - What, however, is really the difficulty?
ג אלא מהא דתנן המניח את ביתו והלך לשבות בעיר אחרת אחד נכרי ואחד ישראל אוסר לבני חצירות דברי רבי מאיר
3 Is it not possible that here also [we may reply that] these rules are disregarded only where a ruling to the contrary had been stated, but that where no such ruling is stated the rules remain in force?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra n. 3.');"><sup>6</sup></span> - [The view of R'Mesharsheya is] rather derived from the following where we learned: 'If a man left his house and went to spend the Sabbath in another town, whether he was a gentile or an Israelite, [his share]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the courtyard, as one of the residents.');"><sup>7</sup></span> imposes restrictions<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In connection with the movement of objects on the Sabbath.');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ד רבי יהודה אומר אינו אוסר רבי יוסי אומר נכרי אוסר ישראל אינו אוסר מפני שאין דרך ישראל לבא בשבת רבי שמעון אומר אפילו הניח את ביתו והלך לשבות אצל בתו באותה העיר אינו אוסר שכבר הסיח דעתו
4 on the residents of the courtyard;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because in his absence the man could not join the other residents in their preparation of the required 'erub.');"><sup>9</sup></span> R'Meir. R'Judah ruled: It imposes no restrictions.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The share of an absent resident is in his view to be disregarded.');"><sup>10</sup></span>
ה ואמר רב חמא בר גוריא אמר רב הלכה כר"ש ומאן פליג עליה ר"י והא אמרת רבי יהודה ור"ש הלכה כרבי יהודה
5 R'Jose ruled: [The share of] a gentile imposes restrictions,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since he might return on the Sabbath and thus assert his rights to the use of the courtyard.');"><sup>11</sup></span> but that of an Israelite does not impose any restrictions because it is not usual for an Israelite to return on a Sabbath.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As he is not likely to return before the termination of the day his house may be regarded as ownerless and the courtyard thus remains at the entire disposal of the other residents.');"><sup>12</sup></span> R'Simeon ruled: Even if he left his house<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On Friday before the Sabbath had begun.');"><sup>13</sup></span>
ו ומאי קושיא דלמא הכא נמי היכא דאיתמר איתמר היכא דלא איתמר לא איתמר
6 and went to spend the Sabbath with his daughter in the same town [his share]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the courtyard, as one of the residents.');"><sup>14</sup></span> imposes no restrictions since he had no intention to return';<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Infra 86a. Lit., 'he has removed his mind'. His house may consequently be regarded as ownerless (cf. supra n. 1) .');"><sup>15</sup></span> in connection with which R'Hama B'Goria stated in the name of Rab, 'The halachah is in agreement with R'Simeon'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Infra 86a.');"><sup>16</sup></span>
ז אלא מהא דתנן וזהו שאמרו העני מערב ברגליו רבי מאיר אומר אנו אין לנו אלא עני
7 For who is it that differed from him?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Simeon.');"><sup>17</sup></span> R'Judah of course;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since R. Judah ruled that only the share of a man who is out of town imposes no restriction while R. Simeon ruled that even that of a man in town imposes no restrictions.');"><sup>18</sup></span> but has it not been laid down that 'In a dispute between R'Judah and R'Simeon the halachah is in agreement with R'Judah'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra p. 325, n. 8.');"><sup>19</sup></span>
ח רבי יהודה אומר אחד עני ואחד עשיר לא אמרו מערבין בפת אלא להקל על העשיר שלא יצא ויערב ברגליו
8 - And what difficulty really is this? Is it not possible that here also [the reply is that] these rules<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra p. 324, n. 5.');"><sup>20</sup></span> are disregarded only where a ruling to the contrary had been stated, but that where no such ruling is stated the rules remain in force?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra p. 323, n. 11.');"><sup>21</sup></span>
ט ומתני ליה רב חייא בר אשי לחייא בר רב קמיה דרב אחד עני ואחד עשיר ואמר ליה רב סיים בה נמי הלכה כרבי יהודה
9 - [The view of R'Mesharsheya] then is derived from the following where we learned: 'And it is this of which the Rabbis have said: A poor man may make his 'erub with his feet.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. he may walk to the required place, and remain there until the Sabbath begins, thereby acquiring it as his Sabbath abode though he deposited no food there.');"><sup>22</sup></span> R'Meir said: We can apply this law<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That an 'erub may be made with one's feet and that no food is in that case necessary.');"><sup>23</sup></span> to<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'we have none'.');"><sup>24</sup></span>
י תרתי למה לי והא אמרת ר"מ ורבי יהודה הלכה כרבי יהודה
10 a poor man only.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. a person who cannot afford, or is unable to obtain (as for instance on a desert journey) the required quantity of food. A 'rich man' however, i.e., one who can afford or obtain it must provide his 'erub with food only.');"><sup>25</sup></span> R'Judah said: [It<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That an 'erub may be made with one's feet and that no food is in that case necessary.');"><sup>23</sup></span> applies] to both rich and poor, the Rabbis' enactment that an 'erub is to be prepared with bread having had the only purpose of making it easier for the rich man so that<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By being enabled to send an 'erub of food through an agent.');"><sup>26</sup></span>
יא ומאי קושיא דילמא רב לית ליה להני כללי
11 he shall not be compelled to go out himself to make the 'erub with his feet';<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Infra 49b.');"><sup>27</sup></span> and when R'Hiyya B'Ashi taught Hiyya B'Rab in the presence of Rab [that the law<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra p. 326, n. 12.');"><sup>28</sup></span> applied] to both rich and poor,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., he taught him R. Judah's ruling in the Mishnah just cited. ohhx');"><sup>29</sup></span>
יב אלא מהא דתנן היבמה לא תחלוץ ולא תתייבם עד שיהו לה שלשה חדשים
12 Rab said to him: Conclude<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Or 'mark'. may bear both meanings.');"><sup>30</sup></span> this also with the statement, 'The halachah is in agreement with R'Judah'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Infra 51b.');"><sup>31</sup></span> For what need was there for a second statement<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That 'the halachah is in agreement with R. Judah', that Rab desired R. Hiyya b. Ashi to add. Lit., 'two'.');"><sup>32</sup></span>
יג וכן שאר כל הנשים לא ינשאו ולא יתארסו עד שיהו להן שלשה חדשים אחד בתולות ואחד בעולות אחד אלמנות ואחד גרושות אחד ארוסות ואחד נשואות
13 seeing that it had already been laid down that 'in a dispute between R'Meir and R'Judah the halachah is in agreement with R'Judah'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Obviously there was none. But, since Rab did desire this statement to be added, it follows, as R. Mesharsheya stated, that the rules on the halachah were to be disregarded.');"><sup>33</sup></span> - But what difficulty is this? Is it not possible that Rab does not accept<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'has not'.');"><sup>34</sup></span>
יד ר' יהודה אומר נשואות יתארסו
14 those rules?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And this may have been the reason for his request to his son's teacher. This being possible, the question arises again: Whence did R. Mesharsheya infer that rues sponsored by R. Johanan (supra 46b) who was a higher authority than Rab, and whose decisions are the accepted halachah, were to be disregarded?');"><sup>35</sup></span> - [R'Mesharsheya's statement] then was derived from the following where we learned: 'The deceased brother's wife<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whose husband died without issue, and who became subject to the levirate obligations.');"><sup>36</sup></span> shall<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In order to make sure that she is not pregnant.');"><sup>37</sup></span>
טו וארוסות ינשאו חוץ מארוסה שביהודה מפני שלבו גס בה
15 neither perform the halizah nor contract levirate marriage before three months have passed.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the date of her husband's death. The reasons are fully discussed in Yeb. 41a (Sonc. ed., p. 268f)');"><sup>38</sup></span> Similarly all other women<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whose husbands have died.');"><sup>39</sup></span> shall be neither married nor betrothed before three months have passed,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra n. 12 mutatis mutandis and Yeb. 42b.');"><sup>40</sup></span>
טז ר' יוסי אומר כל הנשים יתארסו חוץ מן האלמנה מפני האיבול
16 whether they were virgins or non-virgins, whether widows or divorcees,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The distinctions between these classes are discussed in Yeb. 42a (Sonc. ed., p, 275.)');"><sup>41</sup></span> whether betrothed or married.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The distinctions between these classes are discussed in Yeb. 42a (Sonc. ed., p, 275.)');"><sup>41</sup></span> R'Judah ruled: Those who were married may be betrothed [forthwith] and those who were betrothed may even be married [forthwith], with the exception of a betrothed woman in Judea, because there the bridegroom was too intimate<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'his heart is bold', and cohabitation might be suspected.');"><sup>42</sup></span>
יז ואמרינן רבי (אליעזר) לא על לבי מדרשא אשכחיה לרבי אסי דהוה קאים אמר ליה מאי אמור בבי מדרשא אמר ליה הכי אמר רבי יוחנן הלכה כרבי יוסי מכלל דיחידאה פליג עליה
17 with her. R'Jose said: All [married] women<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whose husbands have died.');"><sup>39</sup></span> may be betrothed [forthwith] excepting the widow<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who must allow a period of thirty days to pass.');"><sup>43</sup></span>
יח אין והתניא הרי שהיתה רדופה לילך לבית אביה או שהיתה לה כעס עם בעלה או שהיה בעלה זקן או חולה או שהיתה היא חולה עקרה זקנה קטנה ואיילונית ושאינה ראויה לילד או שהיה בעלה חבוש בבית האסורין המפלת לאחר מיתת בעלה כולן צריכין להמתין ג' חדשים דברי ר"מ רבי יוסי מתיר ליארס ולינשא מיד
18 owing to her mourning';<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Yeb. 41a; which terminates on the thirtieth day.');"><sup>44</sup></span> and in connection with this it was related: R'Eleazar<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So marg. note, MS.M. and parallel passage in Yeb. Cur. edd. in parenthesis 'Eliezer'.');"><sup>45</sup></span> did not go one day to the Beth Hamidrash.
יט למה לי והא אמרת ר"מ ורבי יוסי הלכה כר' יוסי
19 On meeting R'Assi who was standing [in his way] he asked him, 'What was discussed at the Beth Hamidrash? ' The other replied: 'Thus said R'Johanan: The halachah is in agreement with R'Jose'.' Does this then imply [it was asked] that only an individual opinion<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the view recorded anonymously in the cited teaching is that of an individual.');"><sup>46</sup></span> is against him? '<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since otherwise the halachah would be in agreement with the view of the majority. vpusr ;sr');"><sup>47</sup></span>
כ ומאי קושיא דלמא לאפוקי מדרב נחמן אמר שמואל דאמר הלכה כרבי מאיר בגזירותיו
20 [And the reply was] 'Yes; and so it was taught: A [married woman] who was always anxious<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' partic. pass of 'to pursue', 'be anxious'.');"><sup>48</sup></span> to spend her time<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'to go'.');"><sup>49</sup></span> at her Paternal home,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And she was there at the time her husband died.');"><sup>50</sup></span>
כא אלא מהא דתניא הולכין ליריד של נכרים ולוקחים מהן בהמה ועבדים ושפחות בתים שדות וכרמים וכותב ומעלה בערכאות שלהן מפני שהוא כמציל מידן
21 or who had some angry quarrel with her husband,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' At the time of his death.');"><sup>51</sup></span> or whose husband was old or infirm,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' At the time of his death.');"><sup>51</sup></span> or one who was herself infirm,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When her husband's death took place.');"><sup>52</sup></span>
כב ואם היה כהן מטמא בחוצה לארץ לדון ולערער עמהן וכשם שמטמא בחוצה לארץ כך מטמא בבית הקברות
22 barren, old, a minor, congenitally incapable of conception or in any other way incapacitated from procreation, or one whose husband was in prison,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' At the time of his death.');"><sup>51</sup></span> or one who had miscarried after the death of her husband, [each of] these must<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though none of these women could possibly be suspected of pregnancy.');"><sup>53</sup></span> wait three months;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Before marriage or betrothal; as a precaution against such marriage or betrothal on the part of a woman in normal circumstances whose pregnancy might well be expected.');"><sup>54</sup></span>
כג בית הקברות ס"ד טומאה דאורייתא היא
23 so R'Meir, but R'Jose permits immediate betrothal and marriage'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Yeb. 42b; which shows that only an individual opinion, that of R. Meir, is opposed to that of R. Jose.');"><sup>55</sup></span> Now what need was there<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For R. Johanan who himself sponsored the rules on the halachah, supra 46b.');"><sup>56</sup></span> [to state this]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That 'the halachah is in agreement with R. Jose'.');"><sup>57</sup></span>
כד אלא בבית הפרס דרבנן
24 seeing that it had already been laid down that 'in a dispute between R'Meir and R'Jose the halachah is in agreement with R'Jose'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' None whatever. Since R. Johanan, however, found it necessary in this particular instance to state specifically that the halachah agreed with R. Jose it follows that the general rules on the halachah (supra 46b) are spurious and, as R. Mesharsheya stated, were to be disregarded.');"><sup>58</sup></span> - But what is really the difficulty? Is it not possible [that R'Johanan<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In his specific ruling in the case under discussion.');"><sup>59</sup></span>
כה ומטמא לישא אשה וללמוד תורה אמר רבי יהודה אימתי בזמן שאין מוצא ללמוד אבל מוצא ללמוד לא יטמא
25 intended] to indicate that the law was not in agreement with R'Nahman who in the name of Samuel had laid down: 'The halachah is in agreement with R'Meir in his restrictive measures'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since in this case R. Meir upholds the restrictive ruling it might have been assumed that, despite the general rule that the halachah agrees with R. Jose, the halachah here, in accordance with R. Nahman's rule, is to be in agreement with R. Meir, hence it was necessary for R. Johanan specifically to lay down that the halachah in this else also was in agreement with R. Jose.');"><sup>60</sup></span> - [R'Mesharsheya's statement] then is derived from the following where it was taught: 'One may attend a fair of idolaters and buy of them cattle, menservants, maidservants, houses, fields and vineyards; one may write [the necessary documents] and present them even in their courts<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though this recognition of the idolaters' courts might have the appearance of belief in, or regard for idolatry.');"><sup>61</sup></span> because thereby one merely wrests his property for their hands.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the absence of their court's endorsement, the seller might dispute the validity of the purchase.');"><sup>62</sup></span>
כו ר' יוסי אומר אף בזמן שמוצא ללמוד נמי יטמא לפי
26 If he is a priest<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though forbidden to come in contact with levitical uncleanness.');"><sup>63</sup></span> he may incur [the risk of] defilement by going outside the Land<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of Israel, sc. palestine. All countries outside Palestine are suspected of levitical uncleanliness (cf. Shab. 15a) .');"><sup>64</sup></span> to litigate with them and to contest the claims. And just as he may risk defilement without the Land so may he defile himself by entering a graveyard. Is not this a defilement Pentateuchally forbidden? - A grave area<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Beth ha-Peras, a field in which a grave has been ploughed and every part of which becomes in consequence the possible repository of a fraction of a human bone which conveys defilement, v. supra 26b.');"><sup>65</sup></span> rather which is only Rabbinically forbidden is to be understood."&gt; One may also incur the risk of defilement for the sake of taking a wife or studying the Torah. R'Judah said: This applies only where a man cannot find [in the home country] a place in which to study but when he can find there a place for study he may not risk his defilement. R'Jose said: Even when he can find there a place where to study he may also risk defilement since