Gittin 10

Chapter 10

א טעמא מאי דילמא אתי בעל מערער ופסיל ליה השתא בעל לא קא מערער אנן ניקום ונערער עלה
1 why it is required is as a precaution against the risk of the husband coming to challenge and invalidate [the Get]. Seeing that here the [first] husband is raising no objection, shall we go out of our way to do so?'
ב בפלוגתא דר' יוחנן ור' יהושע בן לוי חד אמר לפי שאין בקיאין לשמה וחד אמר לפי שאין עדים מצויין לקיימו
2 [An identical] difference of opinion [had already been recorded] between R. Johanan and R. Joshua b. Levi,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Two Amoraim of an earlier generation than Rabbah and Raba. ');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ג תסתיים דר"י בן לוי הוא דאמר לפי שאין בקיאין לשמה דר' שמעון בר אבא אייתי גיטא לקמיה דר' יהושע בן לוי וא"ל צריכנא למימר בפני נכתב ובפני נחתם או לא
3 one of whom held that the reason [for requiring the declaration] was because the Jews outside the Land of Israel were not familiar with the rule of 'special intention', and the other that it was because witnesses could not easily be found to confirm the signatures. We may conclude that it was R. Joshua b. Levi who gave the reason, 'because they are not familiar with the rule of "special intention",' from the following incident. R. Simeon b. Abba once brought a Get before R. Joshua b. Levi, and said to him: Am I required to declare, 'I was present when it was written and present when it was signed'? and he replied: You need not make the declaration. It was only required in former generations, when the rule of 'special intention' was not generally known, but not in these times when the rule is known. We may therefore conclude [that it was R. Joshua b. Levi who gave this reason]. [Was this a good ruling,] seeing that Rabbah accepts Raba's reason also, and further that, as we have said, precaution should be taken in case there is a recurrence of the abuse? — There was another man with him,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And therefore Raba's reason did not apply. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ד א"ל לא צריכת לא אמרו אלא בדורות הראשונים שאין בקיאין לשמה אבל בדורות האחרונים דבקיאין לשמה לא תסתיים
4 although he is not mentioned [in the passage quoted] out of respect for R. Simeon.
ה ותסברא והא רבה אית ליה דרבא ועוד הא אמרינן שמא יחזור דבר לקלקולו
5 It has been stated: [On the question] how many persons must be present when the bearer of the Get gives it to the wife there was a difference of opinion between R. Johanan and R. Haninah, one holding that a minimum of two were required and the other a minimum of three. It may be concluded that it was R. Johanan who held that two were sufficient, [from the following incident]. Rabin son of R. Hisda brought a Get before R. Johanan, and the latter said to him: Go and give it to her in the presence of two persons, and say to them, 'In my presence it was written and in my presence it was signed.' We may therefore conclude [that R. Johanan held two to be sufficient]. May we assume that the point on which R. Johanan and R. Haninah diverge is that the one who held two persons to be sufficient considered the reason for requiring the declaration to be the general ignorance of the rule of 'special intention',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And therefore it is sufficient if two can testify to the delivery of the Get, after having heard the bearer make, in their presence, the proper declaration. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ו אלא ר"ש בר אבא איניש אחרינא הוה בהדיה והא דלא חשיב ליה משום כבודו דר"ש:
6 while the one who insisted on three considered the reason to be the difficulty of finding witnesses?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And therefore we require three persons to be available (in case the husband comes and challenges the Get), since the confirmation of signatures must take place in the presence of three, constituting a kind of Beth din; (v. Keth. 21b). ');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ז איתמר בפני כמה נותנו לה רבי יוחנן ור' חנינא חד אמר בפני שנים וחד אמר בפני שלשה
7 — [Can this be so?] We have found that it is R. Joshua who assigns as the reason ignorance of the rule of 'special intention', and so it must be R. Johanan who assigns as the reason the difficulty of finding witnesses. How then can it be R. Johanan who here says that two persons are sufficient? Moreover [is it not a fact] that Rabbah also accepts Raba's reason? No. [The reason of the declaration is because] we need witnesses who should be available to validate the Get, and the point at issue here is whether it is permitted to an agent to act as a witness and a witness as a judge. The authority who says that two persons are sufficient holds that an agent may act as witness and a witness may act as judge,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And therefore the bearer of the Get may join with the two witnesses of the delivery to form a Beth din. ');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ח תסתיים דר' יוחנן הוא דאמר בפני שנים דרבין בר רב חסדא אייתי גיטא לקמיה דר' יוחנן ואמר ליה זיל הב לה באפי תרי ואימא להו בפ"נ ובפני נחתם תסתיים
8 whereas the one who insists on three holds that while an agent may act as witness, a witness may not act as judge. But has it not been laid down that in the case of evidence required only by the Rabbis<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Under which category comes the confirmation of signatures. V. Keth. l.c. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ט לימא בהא קמיפלגי דמאן דאמר בפני שנים קסבר לפי שאין בקיאין לשמה ומאן דאמר בפני שלשה קסבר לפי שאין עדים מצויין לקיימו
9 [but not by the Torah] a witness may act as judge? No. The real point at issue is this, that one authority held that since a woman is qualified to bring the Get there is a danger [if only two persons are required] that we may rely upon her,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To form a third or to enable us to dispense with a third. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>
י ותסברא הא מדר' יהושע בן לוי אמר לפי שאין בקיאין לשמה רבי יוחנן אמר לפי שאין עדים מצויין לקיימו והכא היכי קאמר ר' יוחנן בפני שנים
10 while the other held that everyone knows that a woman is not qualified [to complete a <i>Beth din</i>], and therefore there is no danger.
יא ועוד הא רבה אית ליה דרבא
11 It has been taught in agreement with R. Johanan: If the bearer of a Get from foreign parts gave it to the wife without declaring, 'In my presence it was written and in my presence it was signed,' if she marries again the second husband must put her away and a child born from the union is a mamzer.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The product of an incestuous union. V. Glos. ');"><sup>8</sup></span>
יב אלא דכ"ע בעינן עדים מצויין לקיימו והכא בשליח נעשה עד ועד נעשה דיין קמיפלגי מ"ד בפני שנים קסבר שליח נעשה עד ועד נעשה דיין ומאן דאמר בפני ג' קסבר שליח נעשה עד ואין עד נעשה דיין
12 This is the opinion of R. Meir. But the Rabbis say that the child is not a mamzer. What should be done [to rectify matters?] The bearer should take the Get back from the woman, and then present it to her in the presence of two persons, declaring at the same time, In my presence it was written, and in my presence it was signed. [Are we to suppose then that] according to R. Meir, because the bearer failed [in the first instance] to make this declaration, the second husband has to put away the woman, and the child is a mamzer? — Yes: R. Meir in this is quite consistent; for so R. Hamnuna has told us in the name of 'Ulla, that R. Meir used to affirm: If any variation whatever is made in the procedure laid down by the Sages for writs of divorce, the second husband has to put the woman away and the child is a mamzer.
יג והא קיימא לן בדרבנן דעד נעשה דיין
13 Bar Hadaya once desired to act as bearer of a Get.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From Babylon to Palestine. ');"><sup>9</sup></span>
יד אלא הכא בהא קמיפלגי דמר סבר כיון דאשה כשירה להביא את הגט זמנין דמייתא ליה איתתא וסמכי עלה
14 Before doing so he consulted R. Ahi, who was a supervisor of writs of divorce.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' An expert officer was appointed to see that the procedure was in conformity with all the regulations. (Rashi). ');"><sup>10</sup></span>
טו ואידך אשה מידע ידעי ולא סמכי עלה
15 Said R. Ahi to him: You must watch the writing of every letter of the document. He then consulted R. Ammi and R. Assi, who said to him: This is not necessary, and if you think to be on the safe side, you must consider that by doing so you will be discrediting previous writs of divorce.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The bearers of which were not so particular. ');"><sup>11</sup></span>
טז תניא כוותיה דרבי יוחנן המביא גט ממדינת הים ונתנו לה ולא אמר לה בפני נכתב ובפני נחתם יוציא והולד ממזר דברי רבי מאיר
16 Rabba b. Bar Hanah once acted as bearer of a Get<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' See p. 15 n. 4. ');"><sup>12</sup></span>
יז וחכ"א אין הולד ממזר כיצד יעשה יטלנו הימנה ויחזור ויתננו לה בפני שנים ויאמר בפני נכתב ובפני נחתם
17 of which half had been written in his presence and half not. He consulted R. Eleazar, who told him that even if only one line of it had been written with 'special intention' that was sufficient. R. Ashi said:
יח ור"מ משום דלא אמר בפני נכתב ובפני נחתם יוציא והולד ממזר
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יט אין ר"מ לטעמיה דאמר רב המנונא משמיה דעולא אומר היה ר"מ כל המשנה ממטבע שטבעו חכמים בגיטין יוציא והולד ממזר
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כ בר הדיא בעי לאתויי גיטא אתא לקמיה דרבי אחי דהוה ממונה אגיטי א"ל צריך אתה לעמוד על כל אות ואות אתא לקמיה דרבי אמי ור' אסי אמרי ליה לא צריכת
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כא וכי תימא אעביד לחומרא נמצא אתה מוציא לעז על גיטין הראשונים
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כב רבה בר בר חנה אייתי גיטא פלגא איכתב קמיה ופלגא לא איכתב קמיה אתא לקמיה דרבי אלעזר אמר ליה אפילו לא כתב בו אלא שיטה אחת לשמה שוב אינו צריך רב אשי אמר
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