Gittin 143

Chapter 143

א ר' יוסי היא דאמר מילי לא מימסרן לשליח
1 R. Jose, who said that instructions are not transmitted to a messenger? Now if you should assume that R. Jose admits that the Get is valid where he said 'tell,'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., where the scribe signed on the instructions not of the husband but of his agent. ');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ב ואי ס"ד מודה ר' יוסי באומר אמרו נפיק מינה חורבא דזימנין דאמר להו לשנים אמרו לסופר ויכתוב ולפלוני ופלוני ויחתמו ומשום כיסופא דסופר חיישי ומחתמי ליה ובעל לא אמר הכי
2 then serious results may sometimes ensue, for it may happen that he says to two persons, 'Tell the scribe to write and So-and-so and So-and-so to sign', and they, in order not to offend the scribe, let him sign, and this is not what the husband said?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 67a and notes. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ג אלא מחוורתא רישא ר"מ וסיפא ר' יוסי
3 — The best view therefore is that the first clause follows R. Meir and the later one R. Jose.
ד רב אשי אמר כולה ר' יוסי היא ולא מיבעיא קאמר לא מבעיא היכא דלא אמר תנו אלא אפי' אמר תנו לא ולא מיבעיא היכא דלא אמר לבי תלתא אלא אפי' אמר לבי תלתא לא ולא מיבעיא היכא דלא אמר אמרו אלא אפילו אמר אמרו נמי לא
4 R. Ashi said: The whole follows R. Jose, and [the last clause] forms a climax: Not only where he omitted to say 'give' [is the Get invalid] but even where he said 'give', and not only where he did not tell three persons but even where he told three persons, and not only where he did not say 'tell' but even where he said 'tell' [the Get is invalid till he says to the scribe etc.].
ה תניא כוותיה דרב אשי כתב סופר לשמה וחתמו עדים לשמה אע"פ שכתבוהו וחתמוהו ונתנוהו לו ונתנו לה הרי הגט בטל עד שישמעו קולו שיאמר לסופר כתוב ולעדים חתומו
5 It has been taught in accord with R. Ashi: 'In the case where the scribe wrote and the witnesses signed for her name, though they had written and signed it and given it to him and he had given it to her, the Get is void unless they had heard him saying with his own voice to the scribe, Write, and to the witnesses, Sign'. The word 'hear' excludes the opinion [mentioned above], that R. Jose admits that the Get is valid where the husband said 'tell'. 'His voice' excludes the statement made by R. Kahana in the name of Rab.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That a deaf-mute may give instructions in writing. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ו ישמעו לאפוקי ממ"ד מודה רבי יוסי באומר אמרו קולו לאפוקי מדרב כהנא אמר רב:
6 <b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. [IF A MAN SAYS] THIS IS YOUR GET IF I DIE, THIS IS YOUR GET [IF I DIE]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [The bracketed words are supplied from the printed texts of the Mishnayoth. Rashi, however, omits these words and takes the phrase 'THIS IS YOUR GET FROM THIS ILLNESS' to mean that the Get is to take effect after this illness.] ');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ז <big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> זה גיטיך אם מתי זה גיטיך מחולי זה זה גיטיך לאחר מיתה לא אמר כלום מהיום אם מתי מעכשיו אם מתי ה"ז גט
7 FROM THIS ILLNESS, THIS IS YOUR GET AFTER [MY] DEATH, HIS WORDS ARE OF NO EFFECT.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because there is no such thing as a Get after death. ');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ח מהיום ולאחר מיתה גט ואינו גט ואם מת חולצת ולא מתייבמת
8 [IF HE SAYS], FROM TODAY IF I DIE, FROM NOW IF I DIE, THE GET IS VALID.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Get in this case comes retrospectively into force at the moment of his death. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ט זה גיטיך מהיום אם מתי מחולי זה ועמד והלך בשוק וחלה ומת אומדין אותו אם מחמת חולי הראשון מת ה"ז גט ואם לאו אינו גט:
9 [IF HE SAYS], FROM TODAY AND AFTER [MY] DEATH, IT IS BOTH A GET AND NO GET, AND IF HE DIES [WITHOUT ISSUE] SHE MUST GIVE <i>HALIZAH</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For fear it was no Get. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>
י <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> אלמא אם מתי כלאחר מיתה דמי והדר תני מהיום אם מתי מעכשיו אם מתי אלמא אם מתי לאו כלאחר מיתה דמי
10 BUT SHE CANNOT MARRY THE HUSBAND'S BROTHER.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As levir, for fear it was a Get. ');"><sup>8</sup></span>
יא אמר אביי אם מתי שתי לשונות משמע משמע כמעכשיו ומשמע כלאחר מיתה
11 [IF HE SAID], THIS IS YOUR GET FROM TODAY IF I DIE FROM THIS ILLNESS, AND HE THEN GOT UP AND WENT ABOUT AND FELL SICK AND DIED, WE MUST ESTIMATE [THE PROBABLE CAUSE OF HIS DEATH]; IF HE DIED FROM THE FIRST ILLNESS, THE GET IS VALID, BUT OTHERWISE NOT.
יב אמר לה מהיום כמאן דאמר לה מעכשיו דמי לא אמר לה מהיום כמאן דאמר לה לאחר מיתה דמי:
12 <b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. [IF HE SAID, THIS IS YOUR GET IF I DIE etc.] This would indicate that the formula 'IF I DIE' is equivalent to 'AFTER [MY] DEATH'; yet in the next clause we are told that [the Get is valid if he says] 'FROM TODAY IF I DIE, FROM NOW IF I DIE', which would indicate that it is not equivalent to 'AFTER DEATH'! — Abaye explained that the expression 'IF I DIE' can have two implications, viz., either 'as from now' or 'as from the time of my death'. If he [further] said to her 'from to-day', it is equivalent to saying to her 'as from now'; if he did not say to her 'from to-day', it is equivalent to saying to her 'from the time of my death'.
יג זה גיטך אם מתי לא אמר כלום: אמר רב הונא וחולצת
13 IF HE SAID, THIS IS YOUR GET IF I DIE, HIS WORDS ARE OF NO EFFECT. R. Huna said: The wife none the less must give <i>halizah</i>. But it is taught 'HIS WORDS ARE OF NO EFFECT'? — His words are of no effect to the extent that she remains prohibited to all other men and also to the brother-in-law. But since in the later case<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where he says, 'FROM TODAY AND AFTER MY DEATH'. ');"><sup>9</sup></span>
יד והא לא אמר כלום קתני לא אמר כלום דאסירא לעלמא וליבם נמי אסירא
14 it says specifically that SHE GIVES <i>HALIZAH</i>, we understand that in the earlier case<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where it is laid down that his words are of no effect. ');"><sup>10</sup></span>
טו והא מדסיפא חולצת מכלל דרישא יבומי נמי מיבמה מתני' כרבנן
15 [where it does not say so] she may also marry the brother-in-law? — The Mishnah follows the view of the Rabbis and R. Huna that of R. Jose, who said that the date of the document is sufficient indication.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'is the proof thereof'. The document referred to is one in which a man assigns all his property to his sons in his lifetime, intending to keep the usufruct for himself. According to the Rabbis, if he desires to transfer to them the body of the property at once, he must insert the words 'from to-day and after my death': according to R. Jose this is not necessary, the date of the document being sufficient to give this indication. V. B.B. 136a. ');"><sup>11</sup></span>
טז ורב הונא דאמר כר' יוסי דאמר זמנו של שטר מוכיח עליו
16 If we follow the View of R. Jose, she should not require to give <i>halizah</i> either?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the date makes it a valid Get immediately. ');"><sup>12</sup></span>
יז אי רבי יוסי חליצה נמי לא תיבעי וכ"ת מספקא ליה לרב הונא אי הלכתא כר' יוסי או אין הלכה כר' יוסי ומי מספקא ליה
17 perhaps you will aver that R. Huna was uncertain whether the <i>halachah</i> follows R. Jose or not.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And therefore he treated the document as a 'Get and no Get'. ');"><sup>13</sup></span>
יח והא רבה בר אבוה חלש עול לגביה רב הונא ורב נחמן א"ל רב הונא לר"נ בעי מיניה מרבה בר אבוה הלכה כרבי יוסי או אין הלכה א"ל טעמא דרבי יוסי לא ידענא הלכה איבעי מיניה א"ל את בעי מיניה הלכה וטעמיה דרבי יוסי אנא אמינא לך
18 But can you indeed say so? For once when Rabbah b. Abbuha was ill, R. Huna and R. Nahman went to visit him, and R. Huna said to R. Nahman, Ask Rabbah b. Abbuha whether the <i>halachah</i> follows R. Jose or not,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the matter of transference of property. ');"><sup>14</sup></span>
יט בעי מיניה א"ל הכי אמר רב הלכה כרבי יוסי לבתר דנפק א"ל היינו טעמא דרבי יוסי דקסבר זמנו של שטר מוכיח עליו אלא מספקא ליה
19 and R. Nahman answered, I do not know R. Jose's reason, and how can I ask him the <i>halachah</i>, whereupon R. Huna said, You ask him the <i>halachah</i> and I will tell you the reason. He therefore asked him, and he replied: Thus said Rab: the <i>halachah</i> is according to R. Jose. When he came out he [R. Huna] said to him, The reason of R. Jose is this; he held that the date of the document is sufficient indication. [This then cannot be R. Huna's reason]! — We must suppose therefore that he was uncertain