Gittin 162

Chapter 162

א דב"ש סברי אדם עושה בעילתו בעילת זנות
1 Beth Shammai holding that a man [in such a case] will not scruple to commit fornication, whereas Beth Hillel hold that a man will scruple to commit fornication.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And therefore he meant the intercourse to be a method of betrothal, and since he has married her again he must give her a second Get. ');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ב וב"ה סברי אין אדם עושה בעילתו בעילת זנות אבל לא ראוה שנבעלה דברי הכל אינה צריכה הימנו גט שני
2 Where, however, she was not seen to have intercourse, both agree that she does not require a second Get from him.
ג תנן ומודים בנתגרשה מן האירוסין שאינה צריכה הימנו גט שני שאין לבו גס בה ואי בשראוה שנבעלה מה לי מן האירוסין ומה לי מן הנשואין
3 We learn: [BETH HILLEL] AGREE THAT IF THE DIVORCE IS ONE AFTER BETROTHAL, SHE DOES NOT REQUIRE A SECOND GET FROM HIM, BECAUSE HE WOULD NOT TAKE LIBERTIES WITH HER. Now [if a second Get is required] where she was seen to have intercourse, what difference does it make whether it was after betrothal or after marriage?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In either case according to Beth Hillel he has married her again. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ד אלא מתני' בשלא ראוה שנבעלה ור' יוחנן דאמר כי האי תנא דתניא א"ר שמעון בן אלעזר לא נחלקו ב"ש וב"ה על שלא ראוה שנבעלה שאינה צריכה הימנו גט שני
4 — We must suppose therefore that the Mishnah speaks of a case where she was not seen to have intercourse, and that R. Johanan was giving the view of the following Tanna, as it has been taught: 'R. Simeon b. Eleazar said: Beth Shammai and Beth Hillel were of accord that where she was not seen to have intercourse she does not require from him a second Get. Where they differed was when she was seen to have intercourse, Beth Shammai holding that a man would not scruple [in such a case] to commit fornication, and Beth Hillel holding that a man would scruple to commit fornication'. But according to the Mishnah, which we have explained to refer to the case where she was not seen to have intercourse, what are we to say is the [ground of] difference [between Beth Shammai and Beth Hillel]? — We must suppose there were witnesses to their being alone together but no witnesses to the intercourse, in which case Beth Shammai hold that we do not regard the witnesses to their being alone together as being ipso facto witnesses to their intercourse, whereas Beth Hillel hold that we do regard the witnesses to their being alone together as being ipso facto witnesses to their intercourse.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And we take the mere fact of their having been alone together as sufficient proof that they have married again. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ה על מה נחלקו על שראוה שנבעלה שבש"א אדם עושה בעילתו בעילת זנות ובה"א אין אדם עושה בעילתו בעילת זנות
5 Beth Hillel admit, however, that if the divorce is one after betrothal she does not require a second Get from him, because since he would not take liberties with her we do not regard them as being ipso facto witnesses to intercourse.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And therefore do not presume that they have married again. ');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ו ומתני' דאוקימנא בלא ראוה שנבעלה במאי פליגי דאיכא עדי יחוד וליכא עדי ביאה
6 But did R. Johanan say this?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That where she was not seen to have intercourse she does not require a second Get even according to Beth Hillel. ');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ז ב"ש סברי לא אמרי' הן הן עדי יחוד והן הן עדי ביאה וב"ה סברי אמרינן הן הן עדי יחוד והן הן עדי ביאה
7 Did not R. Johanan say that the <i>halachah</i> follows the anonymous Mishnah,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., not stated in the name of any particular authority, so that it may be regarded as the view of the majority and therefore authoritative. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ח ומודים בנתגרשה מן האירוסין שאינה צריכה הימנו גט שני דכיון דאין לבו גס בה לא אמרינן הן הן עדי ביאה
8 and we have explained the Mishnah to be referring to the case where she was not seen to have intercourse? — Different Amoraim report R. Johanan's opinion differently.
ט ומי אמר ר' יוחנן הכי והאמר רבי יוחנן הלכה כסתם משנה ואוקימנא למתניתין בשלא ראוה שנבעלה אמוראי נינהו ואליבא דרבי יוחנן:
9 <b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. IF A MAN MARRIES A [DIVORCED] WOMAN ON THE STRENGTH OF A 'BALD' GET,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. note 7. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>
י <big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> כנסה בגט קרח תצא מזה ומזה וכל הדרכים האלו בה
10 SHE MUST LEAVE BOTH HUSBANDS AND ALL THE ABOVE-MENTIONED PENALTIES APPLY TO HER. A 'BALD' GET MAY BE COMPLETED BY ANYONE'S SIGNATURE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., even of persons who ordinarily are not eligible to give evidence. ');"><sup>8</sup></span>
יא גט קרח הכל משלימין עליו דברי בן ננס ר"ע אומר אין משלימין עליו אלא קרובים הראויין להעיד במקום אחר
11 THIS IS THE VIEW OF BEN NANNOS, BUT R. AKIBA SAYS THAT IT MAY BE COMPLETED ONLY BY RELATIVES WHO ARE QUALIFIED TO TESTIFY ELSEWHERE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., who are not disqualified on other grounds, such as being a robber etc. ');"><sup>9</sup></span>
יב ואיזהו גט קרח כל שקשריו מרובין מעדיו:
12 WHAT IS A 'BALD' GET? ONE WHICH HAS MORE FOLDS THAN SIGNATURES.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If the husband did not wish to act too impetuously, he could have the Get written in folds, the scribe folding the paper over after every two or three lines and a witness signing on the back. If any fold was left without a signature. the Get was called 'bald' and was not valid, v. B.B. (Sonc. ed.) p. 699 nn. 1-3 and 6 and diagram p. 704. ');"><sup>10</sup></span>
יג <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> מ"ט דגט קרח גזירה משום כולכם:
13 <b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. What is the reason for [invalidating] A 'BALD' GET? — As a precaution, in case he said 'All of you [write]'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In which case we presume that the number of folds corresponds to the number of persons who were present at the time, and that one of these neglected to sign. As stated supra 66b, this would invalidate the Get. ');"><sup>11</sup></span>
יד גט קרח הכל משלימין עליו:
14 A 'BALD' GET MAY BE COMPLETED BY ANYONE'S SIGNATURE. Why does R. Akiba not permit a slave [to sign]? — Because this might lead people to say that he is competent to bear witness [in general]. But in the same way they might be led to say that a near relative is competent to bear witness? — The fact is that the reason why he does not allow a slave is because people might be led to think him of Israelite parentage.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'raise him in regard to the pedigree'. ');"><sup>12</sup></span>
טו ור"ע עבד מאי טעמא לא דאתו למימר כשר לעדות קרוב נמי אתו למימר כשר לעדות
15 According to this a robber who could prove his Israelitish descent<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'who has a pedigree'. ');"><sup>13</sup></span>
טז אלא עבד היינו טעמא דדלמא אתו לאסוקיה ליוחסין
16 should be competent. Why then do we learn here: R. AKIBA SAYS, IT MAY BE COMPLETED ONLY BY RELATIVES WHO ARE QUALIFIED TO TESTIFY ELSEWHERE, which would imply that a relative may testify but not a robber? — We must say therefore that the reason in the case of a slave is that people might be led to say that he has been emancipated; and similarly in the case of a robber people might be led to say that he has reformed himself. But as to a relative what objections can be raised? Everyone knows that a relative is a relative.
יז גזלן דבר יוחסין הוא ליתכשר אלמה תנן ר"ע אומר אין משלימין עליו אלא קרובים הראויין להעיד במקום אחר קרוב אין גזלן לא
17 R. Zera said in the name of Rabbah b. She'ilta who had it from R. Hamnuna the elder who had it from R. Adda b. Ahabah: If a 'bald' Get has seven folds and six witnesses, or six folds and five witnesses, or five folds and four witnesses, or four folds and three witnesses, then Ben Nannos and R. Akiba differ [as to how it is to be completed]. But if it has three folds and two witnesses both agree that only a relative may complete it. Said R. Zera to Rabbah b. She'ilta: Let us see now. Three in a folded Get correspond to two in a plain Get.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Three being the minimum for a folded Get as two for a plain one, in order to protract the proceedings for the reason stated supra p. 391. n. 7. ');"><sup>14</sup></span>
יח אלא עבד היינו טעמא דאתו למימר שחרורי שחרריה גזלן נמי אתו למימר תשובה עבד קרוב מאי איכא למימר קרוב כולי עלמא ידעי דקרוב הוא:
18 Seeing then that a relative is forbidden to sign the latter, should he not be forbidden to sign the former also? — He replied: I was also perplexed by this, and I asked R. Hamnuna, who in turn asked R. Adda b. Ahabah, who replied, Don't bother about three on a folded Get, since these are not required by the Torah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And therefore a concession was made in this case. ');"><sup>15</sup></span>
יט א"ר זירא אמר רבה בר שאילתא א"ר המנונא סבא א"ר אדא בר אהבה גט קרח קשריו שבעה ועדיו ששה ששה ועדיו חמשה חמשה ועדיו ארבעה ארבעה ועדיו שלשה עד כאן מחלוקת בן ננס ור"ע אבל קשריו שלשה ועדיו שנים דברי הכל אין משלימין עליו אלא קרוב
19 It has been taught to the same effect: A 'bald' Get which has seven folds but six witnesses, six folds and five witnesses, five folds and four witnesses, or four folds and three witnesses is judged differently by Ben Nannos and R. Akiba, to the extent that if it was completed by a slave Ben Nannos says that the child [born from a marriage contracted on the strength of such a Get] is legitimate while R. Akiba says that it is a mamzer. If, however, it has three folds and two witnesses, both agree that only a relative may complete it.
כ א"ל רבי זירא לרבה בר שאילתא מכדי כל שלשה במקושר כשנים בפשוט דמי מה התם קרוב לא אף הכא נמי קרוב לא
20 R. Joseph read [in the statement of R. Zera] 'a competent witness' [instead of 'relative']. But in the Baraitha it says 'relative'? — R. Papa said: Read, 'a competent witness'.
כא אמר ליה אף לדידי קשיא לי ושאילתיה לרב המנונא ורב המנונא לרב אדא בר אהבה וא"ל הנח לשלשה במקושר דלאו דאורייתא
21 R. Johanan said: Only one relative has been declared eligible to sign as witness on it but not two, for fear lest it should be confirmed on the strength of the signatures of two relatives and one competent witness.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If doubt is thrown on the validity of the Get, it can be established by proving the genuineness of three of the signatures on it, provided at least two of these are not relatives. If two relatives had signed, it might happen that these were the two whose signatures were confirmed ');"><sup>16</sup></span>
כב תניא נמי הכי גט קרח קשריו שבעה ועדיו ששה ששה ועדיו חמשה חמשה ועדיו ארבעה ארבעה ועדיו שלשה עד כאן מחלוקת בן ננס ורבי עקיבא
22 Said R. Ashi: This is indicated in the Baraitha also
כג השלים עליו עבד בן ננס אומר הולד כשר ורבי עקיבא אומר הולד ממזר אבל קשריו שלשה ועדיו שנים דברי הכל אין משלימין עליו אלא קרוב
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כד רב יוסף מתני כשר והתניא קרוב אמר רב פפא תני כשר
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כה אמר רבי יוחנן לא הוכשרו בו אלא עד אחד קרוב בלבד אבל תרי לא דלמא אתי לקיומי בתרי קרובים וחד כשר
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כו אמר רב אשי מתניתא נמי דיקא
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