Gittin 165

Chapter 165

א מאי דאסר שרא לראובן מהו לראובן והוא הדין לשמעון והאי דקאמר לראובן משום דפתח ביה או דלמא לראובן דוקא
1 that he permits what he had forbidden, if he says only 'To Reuben',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To supplement his first statement. ');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ב ואם תמצא לומר לראובן דוקא לשמעון מהו לשמעון וה"ה לראובן והאי דקאמר שמעון משום דסליק מיניה או דלמא לשמעון דוקא
2 what is to be done? Do we take the words 'To Reuben' to apply also to Simeon, presuming that why he now says Reuben is because he had been mentioned first, or does he mean Reuben and Reuben only? And assuming that he means Reuben only, if he says 'To Simeon' what is to be done? Do we take the words 'To Simeon' to apply to Reuben also, presuming that why he now says Simeon is because he had just mentioned him, or does he mean Simeon and Simeon only? R. Ashi asked,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the assumption that in the last case he means 'to Simeon only'. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ג בעי רב אשי אף לשמעון מהו אף אראובן קאי או דלמא אף אעלמא קאי תיקו:
3 If he said, Also to Simeon, what are we to do? Do we take 'also' to mean 'besides Reuben', or 'besides everyone else' [but not Reuben]? — These questions are left undecided.
ד ת"ר לאחר פטירתו של ר"א נכנסו ארבעה זקנים להשיב על דבריו אלו הן רבי יוסי הגלילי ור"ט ורבי אלעזר בן עזריה ור"ע
4 Our Rabbis taught: After the demise of R. Eliezer, four elders came together to confute his opinion. They were R. Jose the Galilean, R. Tarfon, R. Eleazar b. Azariah, and R. Akiba. R. Tarfon argued as follows:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'answered and said'. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ה נענה ר"ט ואמר הרי שהלכה זו ונישאת לאחיו של זה שנאסרה עליו ומת בלא בנים לא נמצא זה עוקר דבר מן התורה הא למדת שאין זה כריתות
5 Suppose this woman went and married the brother of the man to whom she had been forbidden and he died without children, would not the first be found to have uprooted an injunction from the Torah?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because now she cannot fulfil the law of the levirate marriage. ');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ו נענה רבי יוסי הגלילי ואמר היכן מצינו אסור לזה ומותר לזה האסור אסור לכל והמותר מותר לכל הא למדת שאין זה כריתות
6 Hence you may conclude that this is no 'cutting off'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra p. 83. ');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ז נענה רבי אלעזר בן עזריה ואמר כריתות דבר הכורת בינו לבינה הא למדת שאין זה כריתות
7 R. Jose the Galilean then argued as follows: Where do we find the same thing should be forbidden to one and permitted to another? What is forbidden is forbidden to all alike and what is permitted is permitted to all alike. Hence we may conclude that this is no 'cutting off'. R. Eleazar b. Azariah then argued as follows: 'Cutting off' means something which completely cuts him off from her. Hence you may conclude that this is no cutting off'. R. Akiba then argued as follows: Suppose this woman went and married some other man and had children from him and was then widowed or divorced from him, and she afterwards went and married this man to whom she had been forbidden, would not her original Get have to be declared void and [consequently] her children bastards? From this we conclude that this is no cutting off'. Or alternatively I may argue: Suppose the man to whom she was forbidden was a priest and the man who divorced her died, then in respect of the priest she would be a widow<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because as far as he went she had never been divorced. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ח נענה ר"ע ואמר הרי שהלכה זו ונשאת לאחד מן השוק והיו לה בנים ונתארמלה או נתגרשה ועמדה ונישאת לזה שנאסרה עליו לא נמצא גט בטל ובניה ממזרים הא למדת שאין זה כריתות
8 and in respect of all other men a divorcee.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And consequently still forbidden to the priest, since she had at any rate been divorced from her husband. V. supra. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>
ט דבר אחר הרי שהיה זה שנאסרה עליו כהן ומת המגרש לא נמצאת אלמנה אצלו וגרושה אצל כל אדם
9 There then follows an argument <i>a fortiori</i>: Seeing that she would have been forbidden to the priest qua divorcee, though this involves but a minor [transgression],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The marriage of a divorcee to a priest involves the breach of an ordinary prohibition which carries with it no death penalty. ');"><sup>8</sup></span>
י וק"ו מה גרושה שהיא קלה אסורה בשביל צד גירושין שבה אשת איש שהיא חמורה לא כ"ש הא למדת שאין זה כריתות
10 should she not all the more as a married woman, which is a much more serious affair,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Involving, as it does, the penalty of death. ');"><sup>9</sup></span>
יא אמר להן רבי יהושע אין משיבין את הארי לאחר מיתה
11 be forbidden to all men?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In virtue of this peculiar divorce, she becomes at the time of divorce on one side a divorcee in respect of men in general, while on the other side she remains a married woman in respect of the priest. Seeing that the divorced side was sufficient to prohibit her to the priest, should not the married side be sufficient to prohibit her to all other men? ');"><sup>10</sup></span>
יב אמר רבא כולהו אית להו פירכא לבר מדר' אלעזר בן עזריה דלית ליה פירכא תניא נמי הכי א"ר יוסי רואה אני את דברי ר' אלעזר בן עזריה מדברי כולן:
12 From this we may conclude that this is no 'cutting off'. R. Joshua said to them: You should not seek to confute the lion after he is dead.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As much as to say, If R. Eliezer had been alive, he could have found answers to your objections. ');"><sup>11</sup></span>
יג אמר מר נענה ר"ט ואמר הרי שהלכה זו ונשאת לאחיו של זה שנאסרה עליו ומת בלא בנים לא נמצא זה עוקר דבר מן התורה עוקר איהו עקר אלא מתנה לעקור דבר מן התורה
13 Raba said: All these objections can be countered except that of R. Eleazar b. Azariah, in which there is no flaw. It has been taught to the same effect: R. Jose said: I consider the argument of R. Eleazar b. Azariah superior to all the others.
יד מתנה מי קאמר לה לא סגי לה דלא מינסבא ליה לאחוה דההוא גברא אלא גורם לעקור דבר מן התורה
14 The<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The flaws in the objections are now pointed out. ');"><sup>12</sup></span>
טו גורם אלא מעתה בת אחיו לא ישא שמא ימות בלא בנים ונמצא גורם לעקור דבר מן התורה היינו פירכא
15 Master said above: R. Tarfon argued thus: Suppose she went and married the brother of the man to whom she was forbidden and he died without children, would not the first be found to have uprooted an injunction from the Torah? Uprooting, [you say]? He uprooted?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That is to say, he has done nothing positive to this effect. ');"><sup>13</sup></span>
טז ובמאי אילימא בחוץ משרא שרא ר"א
16 — You should read, He stipulates to uproot an injunction from the Torah. He stipulates? Is there any word about it? Can she not do without marrying the brother of that man? — You should read, He may possibly cause an injunction to be uprooted from the Torah. But in that case a man should be forbidden to marry his brother's daughter, since perhaps he will die without children and he will thus cause an injunction to be uprooted from the Torah?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because the widow cannot possibly marry the husband's brother. ');"><sup>14</sup></span>
יז דתניא מודה ר"א במגרש את אשתו ואמר לה הרי את מותרת לכל אדם חוץ מפלוני והלכה וניסת לאחד מן השוק ונתארמלה או נתגרשה שמותרת לזה שנאסרה עליו
17 — This is the flaw in the argument. In what case then [does R. Tarfon assume R. Eliezer to differ from the Rabbis]? Is it where the husband says 'except'? In that case R. Eliezer would allow her to marry him,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., the divorcee to marry the brother of the second husband, in the case put by R. Tarfon, so that there would be no point in his objection. ');"><sup>15</sup></span>
יח אלא בעל מנת
18 as it has been taught: 'R. Eliezer agreed that if a man divorced his wife Saying to her, You are hereby permitted to any man except So-and-so, and she went and married some other man and was widowed or divorced, she is permitted to marry the man to whom she had been forbidden.' It must be therefore where he says 'on condition'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where failure to fulfill the condition renders the Get void. ');"><sup>16</sup></span>
יט נענה ר' יוסי הגלילי ואמר היכן מצינו אסור לזה ומותר לזה האסור אסור לכל והמותר מותר לכל ולא והרי תרומה וקדשים שאסורה לזה ומותרת לזה באיסור אשה קא אמרינן
19 'R. Jose the Galilean argued as follows: Where do we find that the same thing should be forbidden to one and permitted to another? What is forbidden is forbidden to all and what is permitted is permitted to all'. Is that so? What of <i>terumah</i> and holy meats which are forbidden to one class<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Laymen. ');"><sup>17</sup></span>
כ והרי עריות באישות קאמרינן
20 and permitted to another?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Priests. ');"><sup>18</sup></span>
כא הרי אשת איש היינו פירכא
21 — We are speaking of sexual prohibitions. But what of forbidden degrees of consanguinity? — We speak of marriage. But there is the case of a married woman?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who is permitted to her husband and forbidden to others. ');"><sup>19</sup></span>
כב ובמאי אילימא בעל מנת הרי הותרה אצלו בזנות אלא בחוץ
22 — This is the flaw in the argument. In what case then [does R. Jose assume R. Eliezer to differ from the Rabbis]? Is it where he says 'on condition' [that you do not marry So-and-so]? She is permitted to him in the way of fornication!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And therefore there is no point in his objection. ');"><sup>20</sup></span>
כג נענה ר"ע ואמר הרי שהלכה זו ונישאת לאחד מן השוק והיו לה בנים ונתארמלה או נתגרשה ועמדה ונשאת לזה שנאסרה עליו לא נמצא גט בטל ובניה ממזרין
23 — It must be then where he says 'except'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which forbids her to the said man also in the way of fornication. ');"><sup>21</sup></span>
כד אי הכי בכולה תנאי דעלמא נמי לא תנסיב דלמא לא מקיימא ליה לתנאיה ונמצא גט בטל ובניה ממזרין היינו פירכא
24 'R. Akiba argued as follows: Suppose she went and married some other man and had children from him and was then widowed or divorced and she went and married the man to whom she had been forbidden, would not her original Get have to be declared void and her children bastards?' If that is so, then wherever there is a condition in the Get she should not marry, for fear lest she should not fulfil the condition and the Get would prove to be void and her children bastards. This is the flaw in the argument. In what case then [does R. Akiba suppose R. Eliezer to differ from the Rabbis]? It cannot be where he says 'except', because there R. Eliezer permits her, as it has been taught, 'R. Eliezer agrees that if a man divorced his wife saying to her, You are hereby permitted to any man except So-and-so, and she went and married some other man and became widowed or divorced, she is permitted to the man to whom she was originally forbidden'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And so there is no point in R. Akiba's objection. ');"><sup>22</sup></span>
כה ובמאי אילימא בחוץ משרא שרא ר"א
25 — It must be therefore if he says 'on condition'. 'Alternatively [R. Akiba argued]: Suppose the man to whom she was forbidden was a priest and the man who divorced her died, then she would be a widow in respect of the priest and a divorcee in respect of all other men. There thus follows an argument <i>a fortiori</i>. Seeing then that she would be forbidden to the priest qua divorcee, though this involves but a minor [transgression], should she not all the more as a married woman, which is a much more serious affair, be forbidden to all men'. In what case then [does R. Akiba assume R. Eliezer to have differed from the Rabbis]? Is it where he says 'on condition'?
כו דתניא מודה היה ר"א במגרש את אשתו ואמר לה הרי את מותרת לכל אדם חוץ מפלוני והלכה ונשאת לאחד מן השוק ונתארמלה או נתגרשה שמותרת לזה שנאסרה עליו אלא בעל מנת
26 
כז דבר אחר הרי שהיה זה שנאסרה עליו כהן ומת המגרש לא נמצאת אלמנה אצלו וגרושה אצל כל אדם וקל וחומר ומה גרושה שהיא קלה אסורה משום צד גירושין שבה אשת איש חמורה לא כל שכן
27 
כח ובמאי אילימא בעל מנת
28