Gittin 49

Chapter 49

א קטן ואנפיליא פסולות ואין פוסלות
1 [if it was performed to] a minor or with a sock,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Or 'a shoe made of felt'. ');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ב זעירי אמר כולן אין פוסלין חוץ מן האחרון
2 it does not release [the woman] but neither does it disqualify her. Ze'iri said: None of the kinds [of Get] mentioned disqualify the woman [from living with her husband if a priest] save the last.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because we say that possibly there is such a thing as a retrospective decision, and therefore this Get has a certain validity. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ג וכן אמר רב אסי כולן אין פוסלין חוץ מן האחרון ור' יוחנן אמר אף אחרון נמי אינו פוסל
3 So did Rab also lay down: None of these disqualify save the last. R. Johanan, however, said that even the last does not disqualify.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since there certainly is no such thing as retrospective decision. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ד ואזדא רבי יוחנן לטעמיה דא"ר אסי א"ר יוחנן האחין שחלקו לקוחות הן ומחזירין זה לזה ביובל
4 R. Johanan follows the principle he has enunciated elsewhere, since R. Assi said in the name of R. Johanan: If two brothers divide an inheritance, they are reckoned as having purchased each his share from the other,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [For the portion chosen by each brother for himself could not be considered as having retrospectively become the very inheritance designated for him, because he does not uphold bererah, v. B.K.. (Sonc. ed.) P. 399 and notes.] ');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ה וצריכא דאי איתמר בהא בהא קאמר רבי יוחנן דאין ברירה משום דבעינן לה לשמה אבל התם מכר הוא דאמר רחמנא ליהדר ביובל אבל ירושה ומתנה לא
5 and each restores his share to the other at the Jubilee.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In accordance with Lev. XXV, 13. ');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ו ואי אשמעינן שדה משום דלחומרא אי נמי כתחילה אבל הכא אימא לא צריכא:
6 And both statements [of R. Johanan] are necessary. For if I had only the statement about the Get to go by. I should say that in that case there can be no retrospective decision [as to which (wife) he meant] because we require the [Get to be written] for 'her', [namely] for the name [of the woman concerned], but there [in the case of an estate], the All Merciful said that it is a sale which has to be returned at the Jubilee but not an inheritance or a gift.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And therefore we may say retrospectively that each son took the part which the father intended. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ז בעא מיניה רב הושעיא מרב יהודה אמר ללבלר כתוב לאיזו שתצא בפתח תחילה מהו אמר ליה תניתוה יתר מיכן אמר ללבלר כתוב לאיזו שארצה אגרש פסול לגרש בו אלמא אין ברירה
7 If again I had only the Statement regarding the field to go by, I might say that he takes the stricter line,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., his reason for deciding as he did was because he was not absolutely certain that there is retrospective decision, and so he wished to be on the safe side. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>
ח איתיביה האומר לבניו הריני שוחט את הפסח על מי שיעלה מכם ראשון לירושלים כיון שנכנס ראשון ראשו ורובו זכה בחלקו ומזכה את אחיו עמו
8 or again that he thinks the property should revert to its original state,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where the estate belonged to the person in spite of the fact that normally there is retrospective decision. ');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ט אמר ליה הושעיא ברי מה ענין פסחים אצל גיטין הא אתמר עלה א"ר יוחנן כדי לזרזן במצות
9 but here [in the case of a Get] this does not apply.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And we have to say that his reason is because there is no such thing as retrospective decision. ');"><sup>9</sup></span>
י דיקא נמי דקתני כיון שנכנס ראשון ראשו ורובו זכה בחלקו ומזכה את אחיו עמו אי אמרת בשלמא דאמנינהו מעיקרא שפיר אלא אי אמרת דלא אמנינהו לאחר שחיטה מי קמיתמנו והתנן נמנין ומושכין ידיהן ממנו עד שישחט
10 [Hence both statements were] necessary.
יא תניא נמי הכי מעשה וקדמו בנות לבנים ונמצאו בנות זריזות ובנים שפלים
11 R. Hoshaiah put a question to Rab Judah: If a man said to a scribe, Write [a Get] for whichever [of my wives] shall go out of doors first, what is the ruling? — He replied: We have learnt: MOREOVER: IF HE SAID TO THE SCRIBE, WRITE AND I WILL DIVORCE WHICHEVER I CHOOSE, IT IS NOT VALID TO DIVORCE THEREWITH [EITHER]. We infer from this that there is no such thing as a retrospective decision. [R. Hoshaiah] raised an objection [against this from the following passage]: If a man says to his sons, 'I am going to kill the paschal lamb for whichever of you will first enter Jerusalem',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., as assumed at present he alone shall have a real right to a portion in it. ');"><sup>10</sup></span>
יב אמר אביי קא בעי מיניה תולה בדעת אחרים וקא פשיט ליה תולה בדעת עצמו והדר מותיב ליה תולה בדעת אחרים
12 as soon as the first of them enters with his head and the greater part of his body. he becomes entitled to his portion<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From which we should infer that the father selects him retrospectively. ');"><sup>11</sup></span>
יג אמר רבא מאי קושיא דלמא דמאן דאית ליה ברירה לא שנא תולה בדעת עצמו ולא שנא תולה בדעת אחרים אית ליה ברירה ומאן דלית ליה ברירה לא שנא תולה בדעת עצמו ולא שנא תולה בדעת אחרים לית ליה ברירה
13 and makes his brothers entitled to their portions along with him.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Pes. 89a. ');"><sup>12</sup></span>
יד א"ל רב משרשיא לרבא והא רבי יהודה דתולה בדעת עצמו לית ליה ברירה ותולה בדעת אחרים אית ליה ברירה
14 — He replied: Hoshaiah, my son, what has the Paschal lamb to do with bills of divorce? In this connection it has been recorded that R. Johanan said that the reason is to make them eager to perform the mizwoth.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Precepts. The father never had any intention of making the first entry into Jerusalem determine the title to the Paschal lamb. ');"><sup>13</sup></span>
טו תולה בדעת עצמו לית ליה ברירה דתניא הלוקח יין מבין הכותים אומר שני לוגין שאני עתיד להפריש הרי הן תרומה עשרה מעשר ראשון תשעה מעשר שני
15 This is also indicated [by the language of the passage itself], which states, as soon as the first has entered with his head and the greater part of his body, he becomes entitled to his portion and makes his brothers entitled to theirs along with him.' If now you say that the father mentally reckoned them all as of his company<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The company which was to eat that particular lamb. V. Ex. XII, 4: According to every man's eating ye shall make your count for the lamb. ');"><sup>14</sup></span> from the first, this is intelligible. But if you say that he did not so reckon them, can they be counted in after the lamb is killed? Have we not learnt: 'Persons can be counted in to a company and withdraw until the lamb is killed [but not after].'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Pes. ibid. ');"><sup>15</sup></span> It has also been taught to the same effect: It happened once that the daughters came before the sons. the former showing themselves diligent and the latter slack.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But it does not say that the sons were not reckoned in, which proves that the father originally counted all his sons in. ');"><sup>16</sup></span> Abaye said: [R. Hoshaiah] questioned him [Rab Judah] with reference to the case where he leaves the choice to another,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the husband leaves the choice to the woman who will first go out of doors. ');"><sup>17</sup></span> and Rab Judah answers him by citing the case where he retains the choice in his own hands, and then R. Hoshaiah raises an objection from the case where he leaves the choice to others again! — Said Raba: What is the difficulty? Perhaps according to the authority who says there is [such a thing as] retrospective decision, it makes no difference whether he leaves the choice to another or retains it in his own hand; in either case he holds there is retrospective decision; whereas according to the authority who says there is no [such thing as] retrospective decision it makes no difference whether he keeps the choice in his own hand or leaves it to others: in either case he holds there is no retrospective decision. Said R. Mesharsheya to Raba: But is there not R. Judah, who holds that when the man keeps the choice in his own hands we do not decide retrospectively but when he leaves the choice to others he holds that we do decide retrospectively? That [R. Judah] holds that he is permitted to decide retrospectively when he keeps the choice in his own hands [is shown by the following Baraitha]. For it was taught: If a man buys wine from the Cutheans, he can say. 'Two logs which I intend to set aside [from each hundred] are to be the priest's due;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The amount of the terumah is not specified in the Scripture, but the Rabbis considered two parts in a hundred a fair proportion. ');"><sup>18</sup></span> ten [logs] the first tithe;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For the Levites, v. Num. XVIII, 21. ');"><sup>19</sup></span> and nine [logs]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the remaining ninety. ');"><sup>20</sup></span> the second tithe,'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To be consumed in Jerusalem. V. Deut. XIV, 22ff. ');"><sup>21</sup></span>