Gittin 85

Chapter 85

א דלמא מודה ומיפטר
1 Perhaps he will confess and release himself.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The rule was that if a man admitted in the Beth din that he was liable to a fine before the evidence was brought against him, he was quit, v. B.K. 74b. ');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ב ותבעי לרבנן עד כאן לא קאמרי רבנן אין אדם מקנה דבר שלא בא לעולם אלא כגון פירות דקל דהשתא מיהא ליתנהו אבל הכא הא קאי שור והא קאי עבד מאי
2 It is also a question for the Rabbis, [since we may say that] when the Rabbis said that a man cannot transfer something which does not yet exist, they were thinking for instance of the fruit of a date tree which at this moment at any rate does not exist, but in this case the ox exists and the slave exists. What [is the answer]? — R. Abba said: Come and hear: Such as are born in his house.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This passage is a midrashic exposition of the verse, But if a priest buy any soul, the purchase of his money, he shall eat of it (the terumah); and such as are born in his house, they shall eat of his bread. Lev. XXII, 11. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ג אמר ר' אבא ת"ש (ויקרא כב, יא) ויליד בית מה תלמוד לומר אם קנין כסף אוכל יליד בית לא כ"ש
3 What is the point of these words? If the 'purchase of his money' can eat [<i>terumah</i>] how much more so one born in the house? If that were so, I should say, Just as the 'purchase of his money' must be one who has a money value, so the one 'born in his house' must have a money value. How then should I know that even one who has no money value<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' E.g., through being diseased or incapacitated. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ד אילו כן הייתי אומר מה קנין כסף שיש בו שוה כסף אוכל אף יליד בית שיש בו שוה כסף אוכל ומנין שאע"פ שאינו שוה כלום ת"ל יליד בית מכל מקום
4 [may eat the <i>terumah</i>]? Because it says, 'such as are born in the house': in all circumstances. I might still maintain that one who is born in the house may eat whether he has a money value or not, but the purchase of his money' may eat only if he has a money value, but if he has no money value he may not eat. Therefore it says, 'The purchase of his money and one born in his house'. Just as one born in the house may eat whether he has a money value or not, so the purchase of his money may eat whether he has a money value or not. Now if you say that a slave who is sold by his master in respect of the fine only is actually sold, [the question can be asked], Is there a slave who is not worth selling for his fine?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And if so, how can we speak of 'he purchase of his money' who is worth nothing? ');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ה ועדיין אני אומר יליד בית בין שיש בו שוה כסף בין שאין בו שוה כסף אוכל קנין כסף יש בו שוה כסף אוכל אין בו שוה כסף אינו אוכל ת"ל (ויקרא כב, יא) קנין כספו ויליד ביתו מה יליד בית אע"פ שאינו שוה כלום אוכל אף קנין כספו אע"פ שאינו שוה כלום אוכל
5 — Yes, there is the one who has not long to live.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'torn' (terefah): a name properly applied to animals which owing to certain disablements, e.g. the loss of certain limbs or the piercing of certain membranes, could not possibly live more than twelve months. A fine had not to be paid in respect of such a one. ');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ו ואי סלקא דעתך עבד שמכרו רבו לקנס מכור מי איכא עבדא דלא מזדבין לקנסא אין איכא עבד טרפה
6 But he is still capable of waiting on him?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And therefore still has a money value. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ז והא חזי למיקם קמיה במנוול ומוכה שחין
7 — We suppose him also to be loathsome or covered with boils.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that he is fit for nothing. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>
ח איבעיא להו מי שחציו עבד וחציו בן חורין שקידש בת חורין מהו אם תמצא לומר בן ישראל שאמר לבת ישראל התקדשי לחציי מקודשת דחזיא לכוליה הא לא חזיא לכוליה
8 The question was raised: If one who is half a slave and half free affiances a free woman, how do we decide? Should you point out that if a son of Israel says to a daughter of Israel, 'Be affianced to half of me,'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Meaning, If I desire, I shall take a second wife, v. Kid. 72. ');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ט ואם תמצא לומר בן ישראל המקדש חצי אשה אינה מקודשת דשייר בקנינו והא עבד לא שייר בקנינו מאי
9 she is affianced, [I may reply that this is so] because she is qualified for the whole of him, but this one is not qualified for the whole of him.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., for that part of him which is slave, and therefore she is not affianced. ');"><sup>9</sup></span>
י ת"ש המית מי שחציו עבד וחציו בן חורין נותן חצי קנס לרבו וחצי כופר ליורשיו ואי אמרת קידושיו לאו קידושין יורשין מנא ליה
10 If again you point out that when an Israelite affiances half a woman she is not affianced,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since he should have affianced the whole of her, as a woman cannot have two husbands, v. Kid. ibid. ');"><sup>10</sup></span>
יא אמר רב אדא בר אהבה כשעשאו טרפה ומאי יורשיו נפשיה
11 [I may reply that this is so] because he left something over from his acquisition, but the slave leaves nothing over from his acquisition.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And therefore she is affianced. ');"><sup>11</sup></span>
יב אמר רבא שתי תשובות בדבר חדא דיורשיו קתני ועוד כופר הוא ואמר ריש לקיש כופר אין משתלם אלא לאחר מיתה אלא אמר רבא ראוי ליטול ואין לו
12 What [are we to say]? — Come and hear: If an [ox] kills one who is half a slave and half free, the owner gives half the fine to the master and half the ransom to the heirs of the slave. Now if you say that his betrothal is null and void, whence come heirs to him? — R. Adda b. Ahabah said: [We speak of the case] where [the ox] made him <i>terefah</i>,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., unable to live more than twelve months. V. supra, note 2. ');"><sup>12</sup></span>
יג אמר רבא כשם שהמקדש חצי אשה אינה מקודשת כך חציה שפחה וחציה בת חורין שנתקדשה אין קדושיה קדושין
13 and by 'heirs' is meant himself. Raba said: There are two objections to this answer. One is that it distinctly says 'heirs', and further [the sum paid] is a 'ransom', and Resh Lakish has laid down that a 'ransom' is only paid after death! — No, said Raba: [what we must say is that] he ought to receive the ransom, but he does not.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since he is as dead and has no heirs to whom to transmit it, as he cannot legally affiance a free woman. ');"><sup>13</sup></span>
יד דרש רבה בר רב הונא כשם שהמקדש חצי אשה אינה מקודשת כך חציה שפחה וחציה בת חורין שנתקדשה אינה מקודשת א"ל רב חסדא מי דמי התם שייר בקנינו הכא לא שייר בקנינו
14 Raba said: Just as, if one affiance's half a woman, she is not affianced, so if a woman who is half a slave and half free is affianced, her betrothal is no betrothal. Rabbah son of R. Huna stated in a discourse: Just as if a man affiances half a woman she is not affianced, so if a woman who is half a slave and half free is affianced, she is not really betrothed. Said R. Hisda to him: Are the two cases similar? In the one [the man] leaves something over from his acquisition, in the other he leaves nothing over from his acquisition. Rabbah son of R. Huna thereupon called upon a public orator,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'caused an Amora to stand by him'; the so-called 'Amora' or 'Meturgeman' who received the heads of the discourse from the Rabbi and then expatiated on them to the public. ');"><sup>14</sup></span>
טו הדר אוקים רבה בר רב הונא אמורא עליה ודרש (ישעיהו ג, ו) והמכשלה הזאת תחת ידיך אין אדם עומד על דברי תורה אלא אם כן נכשל בהן אע"פ שאמרו המקדש חצי אשה אינה מקודשת אבל חציה שפחה וחציה בת חורין שנתקדשה קדושיה קדושין מ"ט התם שייר בקנינו הכא לא שייר בקנינו
15 who discoursed as follows: 'This stumbling-block is under thy hand.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Isa. III, 6 (E.V. 'Let this ruin be under thy hand'). The term 'stumbling-block' is here applied to the Torah. ');"><sup>15</sup></span>
טז אמר רב ששת כשם שהמקדש חצי אשה אינה מקודשת כך חציה שפחה וחציה בת חורין שנתקדשה אין קידושיה קידושין ואם לחשך אדם לומר איזו היא שפחה חרופה זו שחציה שפחה וחציה בת חורין המאורסה לעבד עברי אלמא בת איתרוסי היא אמור לו כלך אצל ר' ישמעאל שהוא אומר בשפחה כנענית המאורסה לעבד עברי
16 A man does not fully understand the words of the Torah until he has come to grief over them.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'been tripped up over them.' Rabbah b. R. Huna was referring to himself and acknowledging his mistake. ');"><sup>16</sup></span>
יז ושפחה כנענית בת איתרוסי היא אלא מאי אית לך למימר מאי מאורסת מיוחדת הכא נמי מאי מאורסת מיוחדת
17 Although they have said that if a man affiances half a woman she is not affianced, yet if one who is half a slave and half free is affianced, her betrothal is a genuine one. What is the reason [for the difference]? In the one case he leaves something over from his acquisition, in the other case he leaves nothing over from his acquisition.' R. Shesheth, however, said: Just as if a man affiances half a woman she is not affianced, so if a woman who is half a slave and half free is affianced, her betrothal is no genuine one. If someone should whisper to you [the teaching], 'Who is the designated bondwoman?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the woman referred to in Lev. XIX, 20, by the words [H] (E.V. 'bondwoman betrothed to a man'). ');"><sup>17</sup></span>
יח אמר רב חסדא חציה שפחה וחציה בת חורין שנתקדשה לראובן ונשתחררה וחזרה ונתקדשה לשמעון ומתו שניהם מתייבמת ללוי
18 The one who being half bondwoman and half free is betrothed to a Hebrew slave,'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ker. 11a. ');"><sup>18</sup></span> which shows that she is capable of being betrothed, say to him, Go to R. Ishmael who says that [the Torah here speaks] of a Canaanitish bondwoman who is betrothed to a Hebrew slave.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. ');"><sup>19</sup></span> Now is a Canaanitish bondwoman capable of being betrothed? We say therefore that by 'betrothed' R. Ishmael means 'allocated'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The word being used loosely and not in its strict legal sense which does not apply to a bondwoman. ');"><sup>20</sup></span> So here too 'betrothed' means 'allocated'. R. Hisda said: If [a woman] half slave and half free is affianced to Reuben and then emancipated and then affianced to Simeon<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Reuben's brother. ');"><sup>21</sup></span> and both of them [Reuben and Simeon] die, she may contract a levirate marriage with Levi