Keritot 15

Chapter 15

א <big>גמ׳</big> תניא אמרו להן ב"ה לב"ש הרי הוא אומר (ויקרא יב, ו) לבת לרבות אור שמונים ואחד

1 <big>GEMARA: </big>It has been taught: Beth Hillel said to Beth Shammai: Lo, it says, 'or for a daughter',1 to include the eve of the eighty-first day.

ב ר' הושעיא הוה שכיח קמיה דבר קפרא שבקיה ואתא קמיה דרבי חייא יומא חד פגע ביה בעא מיניה זב שראה ג' ראיות בליל ח' מה ב"ה אומרים בדבר זה

2 R'Hoshaia was a frequent visitor to Bar Kappara; he then left him and joined R'Hiyya. One day he met [Bar Kappara] and asked him: If a zab had three [new] issues during the night of the eighth day,2 what would be the view of Beth Hillel in this case?3

ג טעמייהו דב"ה במפלת בלילה משום דכתיב לבת אבל זב שראה ג' ראיות בליל ח' פטרי דלא מייתרי קראי או דלמא לא שנא

3 Is the reason of Beth Hillel in the case of an abortion on the night [of the eighty-first day] because it is written, 'or for a daughter', but in the case of a zab there will sacrifice, since there is no superfluous text in connection therewith; or perhaps there is no difference [between these two cases]? - Replied to him Bar Kappara: What did the Babylonian4

ד א"ל בר קפרא מה בבלי אומר בדבר זה אישתיק רבי הושעיא לא אמר כלום א"ל בר קפרא צריכין לדברי עייא נחזור על הראשונות הרי הוא אומר לבת לרבות אור שמונים ואחד

4 say in this matter? R'Hoshaia was silent and said nothing. Then Bar Kappara said to him: 'We have still to depend upon the words of Iyya!5 Let us return to that which has been said before.' Lo, it says, or for a daughter, to include the eve of the eighty-first day'. Are we to say that this is a point of dispute between Tannaim? If a zab had three issues in the night of the eighth day, one [Baraitha] teaches, He has to bring an offering, whereas another [Baraitha] teaches, He is exempted.

ה נימא כתנאי זב שראה ג' ראיות בליל ח' תני חדא מביא ותניא אידך אינו מביא מאי לאו תנאי היא דהא דתניא מביא קסבר לילה אין מחוסר זמן והדתני אין מביא קסבר לילה מחוסר זמן

5 Now, do they not differ in the following: The one which teaches that he is liable holds that the night does not render a period wanting in time;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., whenever a certain period has been fixed after the elapse of which one is liable to a certain duty, e.g., the offering of a sacrifice, and there is only a night intervening, the period may be regarded as accomplished. The new issues therefore involve a new offering.');">6 and the one which teaches that he is exempt holds that the night renders a period wanting in time!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The new issues are regarded as falling within the period of seven days resulting from the former uncleanness. No new offering is therefore required. Yet in the case of the abortions dealt with in our Mishnah there is liability in the view of Beth Hillel to a new set of offerings, on account of the text, 'or for a daughter'.');">7 - Said R'Huna B'Aha in the name of R'Eleazar: These Tannaim [indeed] hold that the night renders a period wanting in time, but the one which teaches that he is liable, deals with a zab of two issues,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Such a person is unclean and must count seven days, but is not liable to a sacrifice. If on the night of the eighth day he perceives three issues, these render him liable to an offering.');">8 and the one which teaches that he is exempt deals with a zab of three issues.9 But need the case of a zab of two issues be stated?10 - This is what we are informed: Only when he perceives [three issues] on the night of the eighth day; but if on the day of the seventh,he is not liable; for he holds that an issue which disturbs [the period of cleanness]11

ו אמר רב הונא בר אחא א"ר אלעזר הני תנאי סברי לילה מחוסר זמן והא דתניא מביא בזב בעל ב' ראיות והדתניא אין מביא בזב בעל ג' ראיות

6 does not render one liable to an offering. Said Raba: You have explained the teaching that one is exempted from an offering as referring to a zab of three issues; why then has this law not been stated in conjunction with the [Mishnah]: 'Five who bring one sacrifice for many transgressions'?12 - Because this law is not absolute;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., there are instances when one is liable even for issues on the night of the eighth day. viz., if two issues were perceived on the eighth day, the issue of the previous night combines with these, and he is liable to a new offering.');">13 for R'Johanan said: If he perceived one issue in the night14

ז זב בעל ב' ראיות מאי למימרא הא קמ"ל דוקא ראה בליל ח' אבל ביממא דז' לא קסבר כל ראייה שסותרת אין מביאה לידי קרבן

7 and two during the day,15 he is liable; two in the night and one during the day, he is not liable. Said R'Joseph: You can prove that one is liable if one [was perceived] by night and two during the day, for the first issue is regarded as a mere discharge of semen,16 and yet if two more issues are perceived, they combine one with the other.

ח אמר רבא אמאי אוקימתא להא דתניא אין מביא בזב בעל ג' ראיות ליתנייה גבי חמשה מביאין קרבן אחד על עבירות הרבה לא פסיקא דא"ר יוחנן ראה אחת בלילה וב' ביום מביא ב' בלילה ואחת ביום אין מביא

8 [Against this] said R'Shesheth son of R'Idi: What argument is this? The first issue of a zab took place at a time fit for offerings, but in the instance of 'one by night', wh the issue was at a time not fit for offerings, had not R'Johanan taught us that they combine with one another, I would have thought that they do not combine. But does R'Johanan hold that the night renders a period wanting in time?17 Did not Hezekiah say:18

ט אמר רב יוסף תדע דאחת בלילה וב' ביום מביא דהא ראייה ראשונה שכבת זרע בעלמא ואילו חזי תרתין אחרנייתא מצטרפי להו

9 If he [the nazirite] became unclean during the eighth day,19 he has to bring a [second] offering; if on the night [of the eighth day], he does not bring [an offering]; while R'Johanan holds, Even on the night [of the eighth day] he has to bring?20

י אמר רב ששת בריה דרב אידי מידי איריא ראייה ראשונה של זב חזייה בזמן חיובא אחת בלילה כיון דלאו בזמן חיובא חזייה אי לאו דאשמעינן רבי יוחנן דמצטרף ה"א לא תצטרף

10 - When R'Johanan said if [he perceived] two by night and one during the day he has to bring [an offering], it was according to him who holds [that the night] renders a period wanting in time. But according to him is not this obvious? - [The case] of one by night and two during the day was necessary [to be mentioned]; for I might have thought, since the one issue was not at a time fit for offerings, there is no combination. Therefore we are told [that th is not so]. <big>MISHNAH: </big>IF A WOMAN HAD FIVE DOUBTFUL BIRTHS21

יא ומי א"ר יוחנן לילה מחוסר זמן

11 OR FIVE DOUBTFUL ISSUES,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., it was doubtful whether the issues took place during the period of menstruation, in which case the uncleanness does not require offerings, or outside that period; v. Lev. XV, 25.');">22

יב והאמר חזקיה נטמא ביום מביא בלילה אין מביא ור' יוחנן אמר אפי' בלילה מביא

12 SHE NEED BRING BUT ONE OFFERING,23 AND MAY THEN PARTAKE OF SACRIFICIAL FLESH, AND SHE IS NOT BOUND TO BRING THE OTHER [OFFERINGS]. IF SHE HAD FIVE CERTAIN ISSUES, OR FIVE CERTAIN BIRTHS, SHE BRINGS ONE OFFERING AND MAY THEN PARTAKE OF SACRIFICIAL FLESH; BUT IT IS STILL HER DUTY TO BRING THE OTHER OFFERINGS.

יג כי קא"ר יוחנן ב' בלילה ואחת ביום אין מביא לדברי האומר מחוסר זמן

13 IT ONCE HAPPENED IN JERUSALEM THAT THE PRICE OF A PAIR OF DOVES<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A pair of pigeons or a pair of doves was the prescribed offering in the instances of the MISHNAH: Rashi: two pairs, i.e. four birds, cost two golden denars, thus one golden denar (i.e. twenty-five silver denars) the pair.');">24

יד לדברי האומר פשיטא ראה אחת בלילה וב' ביום איצטריכא ליה מהו דתימא כיון דלאו בזמן חיובא קחזי ליה לא תצטרף קמ"ל:

14 ROSE TO A GOLDEN DENAR'SAID R'SIMEON B. GAMALIEL, BY THIS SANCTUARY, I SHALL NOT GO TO SLEEP TO-NIGHT BEFORE THEY COST BUT A [SILVER] DENAR! THEN HE ENTERED THE BETH DIN AND TAUGHT: IF A WOMAN HAD FIVE CERTAIN BIRTHS OR FIVE CERTAIN ISSUES SHE NEED BRING BUT ONE OFFERING, AND MAY THEN PARTAKE OF SACRIFICIAL FLESH, AND SHE IS NOT BOUND TO BRING THE OTHER [OFFERINGS]. THEREUPON THE PRICE OF A PAIR OF BIRDS STOOD AT A QUARTER OF A [SILVER] DENAR EACH. <big>GEMARA: </big>Our Rabbis taught: If she had five certain births and five doubtful ones, or five certain issues and five doubtful ones, she brings two pairs of birds, one for the certain and one for the doubtful cases.

טו <big>מתני׳</big> האשה שיש עליה ספק ה' לידות וספק ה' זיבות מביאה קרבן אחד ואוכלת בזבחים ואין השאר עליה חובה ה' זיבות ודאות וה' לידות ודאות מביאה קרבן אחד ואוכלת בזבחים והשאר עליה חובה

15 The one offered for the certain cases may be eaten, and it is still incumbent upon her to bring the remaining offerings; that offered for the doubtful cases is not eaten,25 and the woman is not bound to bring any more offerings.

טז מעשה שעמדו קינין בירושלים בדינר זהב אמר רבן שמעון בן גמליאל המעון הזה לא אלין הלילה עד שיהיה בדינרין בסוף נכנס לב"ד ולמד האשה שיש עליה ה' לידות ודאות ה' זיבות ודאות מביאה קרבן אחד ואוכלת בזבחים ואין השאר עליה חובה ועמדו קינין ביום ההוא ברבעתים:

16 R'Johanan B'Nuri said: For the certain cases she shall say, The offering is for the last occurrence,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For if it was offered for one of the previous occurrences, those following would appear unatoned for, and this could lead to misunderstanding in that on future similar occasions the woman would assume that offerings were not essential.');">26 and she will be exempted; but for the doubtful cases, if there is a certain one among them,27 she shall say that the offering is for the one that is not in doubt, and she is exempted; if not, she says that the offering i any one of the occurrences and she is exempted. R'Akiba said: Both in the instance of the certain cases and in that of the doubtful ones she shall say that the offering is for any one of the occurrences and she is exempted. Said R'Nahman B'Isaac to R'Papa: I shall tell you in the name of Raba in which point these Tannaim differ: R'Johanan B'Nuri compares these instances to those of sin-offerings: Just as when one is liable to five sin-offerings, he is not atoned for before all have been offered, the same is the ruling in our case. R'Akiba on the other hand compares them to immersions;28 for if one requires five immersions, as soon as he has immersed once he is clean; the same is the ruling in our case.

יז <big>גמ׳</big> ת"ר ה' לידות ודאי ה' זיבות ספק או ה' לידות ודאי וה' לידות ספק מביאה ב' קינין אחת על הודאי ואחת על הספק של ודאי נאכלת והשאר עליה חובה של ספק אין נאכלת ואין השאר עליה חובה

17 Said R'Papa to him: If it was to be assumed that R'Johanan B'Nuri compared our instances to those of sin-offerings, why does he maintain that for doubtful cases she shall say the offering is for any one of them, and she is exempted? Suppose one was liable

יח ר' יוחנן בן נורי אומר על ודאי תאמר על האחרונה ותפטר של ספק אם יש ודאי ביניהן תאמר על הודאי ותפטר ואם לאו תאמר על אחד מהן ותפטר ר"ע אומר בין על הודאי בין על הספק תאמר על אחת מהן ותפטר

יט א"ל רב נחמן בר יצחק לרב פפא אימא לך משמיה דרבא הני תנאי במאי פליגי דר' יוחנן בן נורי מדמי להון לחטאת דמאן דחייב ה' חטאות עד דמייתי כולהון וסוף מכפר ליה ה"נ ל"ש

כ ור"ע מדמי להון לטבילין דמאן דמחייב ה' טבילות כיון דטביל חדא זימנא איטהר ה"נ ל"ש

כא א"ל רב פפא אי ס"ד ר' יוחנן בן נורי לחטאת מדמי להן אמאי של ספק תאמר על אחת מהן ותפטר אילו מאן דמחייב

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