Keritot 25

Chapter 25

א אי אמרת בשלמא רבי מאיר לחומרא היינו דקתני עד שישהא עד דשהי דיליה כדי אכילת פרס
1 Now, if you say that R'Meir's view is in the direction of stringency,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the time-limit suggested by R. Meir is less than that laid down by the Rabbis, so that the Rabbis in their retort to R. Meir demand a prolongation of the time-limit.');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ב אלא אי אמרת ר' מאיר לקולא וחכ"א אם שהה מיבעי ליה אלא לאו ש"מ ר' מאיר לחומרא ש"מ
2 it is right that it reads: HE MUST TAKE. NO MORE, meaning that he is not liable unless he takes no more time than is required for the eating of a peras; but if you say R'Meir's view is in the direction of leniency, it should have read 'But the Rabbis say: I he has taken as much time as is required.' It is thus proved that R'Meir's view is in the direction of stringency. It is indeed proved.
ג אמר רבנאי אמר שמואל בחלבים ובנבילה עד שישהא מתחלה ועד סוף בכדי אכילת פרס אוכלים טמאים שקצים ורמשים ומשקין אפילו כל היום כולו בכדי אכילת פרס
3 Said Rabanai in the name of Samuel: For heleb and nebelah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');"><sup>2</sup></span> he must take from the beginning to the end [of the meal]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' E.g., if he ate two half olive-sizes of heleb.');"><sup>3</sup></span> no more time than is required for the eating of a peras; for unclean food, reptiles and unclean drinks,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Half a peras or a quarter of a log respectively renders him who ate it unfit to eat sacred food.');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ד מאי קאמר אמר רב פפא הכי קאמר אפילו כל היום כולו והוא שאכל כזית בכדי אכילת פרס
4 he may take even the whole day, as much as is required for the eating of a peras. What does this mean? - Said R'Papa, thus: Even the whole day so long as he ate an olive-size within the time required for the eating of a peras.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., each olive-size of the standard quantity of half a peras has been eaten within the time required for a peras.');"><sup>5</sup></span> An objection was raised: All kinds of food combine one with the other to half a peras to render the body unfit.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Me'il. 17b.');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ה מיתיבי כל האוכלין מצטרפין לפסול הגוייה בכחצי פרס מאי לאו דאכליה לחצי פרס בכדי אכילת פרס לא דאכל כזית כזית בכדי אכילת פרס
5 Now does this not mean that he has to eat the half-peras within the time required for the eating of a peras? - No, he has to eat an olive-size within the time required for a peras. An objection was raised: All kinds of food combine one with the other to a half-peras, consumed within the time required for a peras, in order to render the body unfit. How is this? If he ate and then ate again, if from the beginning of the first meal to the end of the last no more time has passed than is required for the eating of a peras, they combine with one another; if more they do not combine.
ו מיתיבי כל האוכלין מצטרפין לפסול את הגוייה בכחצי פרס בכדי אכילת פרס כיצד אכל וחזר ואכל אם יש מתחלת אכילה ראשונה ועד סוף אכילה אחרונה כדי אכילת פרס מצטרפין יותר מכאן אין מצטרפין
6 It is not permitted to one who ate less than the requisite quantity to immerse;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is soon explained.');"><sup>7</sup></span> if he did immerse and then ate the complementary quantity to the standard size, the meals combine one with the other. A pregnant woman is permitted to eat a quantity<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., unclean food; v. Tosaf.');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ז לא התירו לאכול פחות מכשיעור לירד ולטבול ירד וטבל ועלה והשלימו מצטרף התירו לה לעוברה לאכול פחות מכשיעור מפני הסכנה
7 smaller than the standard size, because of her serious position. All kinds of beverage combine one with the other to a quarter [of a log], consumed within the time required for the eating of a peras, in order to render the body unfit. How is this?
ח כל המשקין מצטרפין לפסול את הגוייה ברביעית בכדי אכילת פרס כיצד שתה וחזר ושתה אם יש מתחלת שתיה ראשונה ועד סוף שתיה אחרונה כדי אכילת פרס מצטרפין יותר מכאן אין מצטרפין
8 If he drank and then drank again, if from the beginning of the first drink to the end of the last no more time has passed than is required for the eating of a peras, they combine with one another; if more they do not. [She] who has been in contact with one unclean by a dead body is permitted to nurse her baby, and the baby remains clean.
ט הותרו לה למגע טמא מת להניק בנה ובנה טהור
9 It states at all events, 'If from the beginning of the first meal to the end of the last no more time has passed than is required for the eating of a peras, they combine with one another'.
י קתני מיהת אם יש מתחלת אכילה ראשונה ועד סוף אכילה בכדי אכילת פרס מצטרף תיובתא דרבנאי תיובתא
10 Is this not in contradiction to Rabanai's statement? - Indeed it is.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rabanai's view is thus refuted.');"><sup>9</sup></span> The Master says: 'It is not permitted to one who ate less than the requisite quantity to immerse'. What does this mean?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Why should he not be permitted to immerse, even though the immersion is in vain?');"><sup>10</sup></span>
יא אמר מר לא התירו לו לאכול פחות מכשיעור לירד ולטבול מאי קאמר
11 - Said Rab Judah: This is what it means: If one ate less than the requisite quantity, he is not permitted to immerse, for if he should eat afterwards the complementary quantity, which combines with the first, he might assume that the preceding immersion is of avail, not knowing that an immersion is valid only at the end. It is stated, 'A pregnant woman is permitted to eat a quantity smaller than the standard size, because of her serious position'. If by reason of her serious position, she should be permitted to eat even more!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For it is permitted to break the law of the Torah in the case of danger to life.');"><sup>11</sup></span>
יב אמר רב יהודה הכי קאמר אכל פחות מכשיעור לא התירו לו לירד ולטבול שאם ירד וטבל ועלה והשלימו מצטרף ואתי למימר אהני לי טבילה קמייתא ואין יודע שאין טבילה אלא באחרונה
12 - Said R'Papa: Read thus, A pregnant woman is permitted to eat even more, yet in quantities smaller than the standard size, because of her serious position. It says, '[She] who has been in contact with one unclean by a dead body is permitted to nurse her baby, and the baby remains clean.' Why is it clean?
יג קתני התירו לה לעוברה לאכול פחות מכשיעור מפני הסכנה מפני הסכנה אפילו טובא נמי תיכול אמר רב פפא הכי קתני הותרו לה לעוברה פחות מכשיעור אפילו טובא מפני הסכנה
13 Since it has sucked in milk it should be unclean through the milk.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The milk is unclean of the second degree; it is therefore not capable of rendering persons unclean through contact, but he who drinks thereof a half-peras is unfit to partake of sacred food.');"><sup>12</sup></span> And should you say it was not prepared,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' All foodstuffs must be 'prepared', i.e., rendered fit for uncleanness, by being moistened with certain liquids. The milk coming from the body is considered foodstuff, and in the absence of such preparation should be clean.');"><sup>13</sup></span> [I would reply,] It is prepared by the drop which moistens the nipple!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The drop with which the nipple is moistened is not regarded as food, since it is not destined to be consumed, and can therefore act as a liquid to 'prepare' the rest of the milk for uncleanness.');"><sup>14</sup></span> - Answered R'Nahman in the name of Rabbah B'Abbuha: It sucked with great pull so that no drop was formed to moisten the nipple. Said Raba: l have two objections to raise: firstly we see that a child's mouth is filled with milk,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' One drop at least must have adhered to the nipple.');"><sup>15</sup></span>
יד קתני התירו למגע טמא מת להניק את בנה ובנה טהור אמאי טהור כיון דיינק חלב איטמי ליה מחלב
14 and then, the milk-source has the status of a 'well',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The milk has not the status of ordinary food or drink, but that of a secretion from the body, and forms part thereof. When the body is unclean, the milk is ipso facto unclean too. No 'preparation' is thus necessary. 'Well' means here a secreting organ.');"><sup>16</sup></span> as we have learnt: The milk of a woman renders things unclean whether [it was drawn] purposely or unintentionally, while the milk of a cow renders things unclean only when brought forth intentionally.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Maksh. VI, 8. Things are regarded as 'prepared' for uncleanness by being moistened with a liquid only if the moistening was to the satisfaction of the owner or worker.');"><sup>17</sup></span> Now does not 'unintentionally' mean that the child has no pleasure in it; and yet it says that it renders things unclean!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As we learn here that the milk of a woman is unclean and conveys its uncleanness to other things even if it came forth not to the satisfaction of the owner or worker (here the child) , it cannot bear the status of ordinary food that requires 'preparation'. It must thus possess the character of a secretion from the body.');"><sup>18</sup></span> - Rather said Raba: The reason why the child remains clean is that it is doubtful whether it has sucked in the requisite quantity or not; and even if it did, it is still doubtful whether it was done within the time required for the eating of a peras or during a longer period.
טו וכי תימא לא איתכשר נתכשר בטיפה מלוכלכת על פי הדד אמר רב נחמן אמר רבה בר אבוה שינק בתקיפה אחת לא הניח טיפה מלוכלכת על פי הדד
15 But how can Raba maintain that the milk-source has the status of a 'well'? Have we not learnt: If milk drips from the breast of a [menstruant] woman and falls upon an oven, the oven is unclean?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Kel. VIII, 11.');"><sup>19</sup></span> Whereupon it was asked, wherewith has the milk become 'prepared' for uncleanness?
טז אמר רבא שתי תשובות בדבר חדא דקחזינא לפומיה דינוקא דמלא חלב ועוד מקום חלב מעיין הוא
16 and R'Johanan replied: By the drop with which the nipple is moistened.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' We thus see that in contradiction to Raba 'preparation' is needed.');"><sup>20</sup></span> And if you say that Raba disagrees with R'Johanan, has it not been taught: 'It is thus found that there are nine kinds of liquids o a gonorrhea-ridden person: sweat, ill-smelling discharge<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Such as pus.');"><sup>21</sup></span> and secretion, are altogether clean;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' They do not cause uncleanness through contact.');"><sup>22</sup></span> the tears of his eyes, the blood of his wound
יז דקתני חלב אשה מטמא בין לרצון ובין שלא לרצון בהמה אינה מטמא אלא לרצון
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יח מאי לאו שלא לרצון דלא ניחא ליה וקתני מטמא
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יט אלא אמר רבא היינו טעמא דבנה טהור דספק ינק כשיעור וספק לא ינק ואם תמצא לומר ינק ספק ינקו באכילת פרס ספק ינקו ביותר מכדי אכילת פרס
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כ ולרבא מקום חלב מעיין הוא ולא צריך הכשר
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כא והתנן האשה שנטף חלב מדדיה ונפל לאויר תנור תנור טמא וקשיא לן במאי איתכשר ואמר רבי יוחנן בטיפה מלוכלכת ע"פ הדד
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כב וכי תימא רבא לא סבר לה כר' יוחנן והתניא נמצאת אתה אומר תשעה משקין בזוב הזיעה וליחה סרוחה וריעי טהורין מכולם דמעת עינו ודם מגפתו
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