Keritot 3

מתני׳ <big><strong>שלשים</strong></big> ושש כריתות בתורה

<big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>THERE ARE IN THE TORAH THIRTY-SIX [TRANSGRESSIONS WHICH ARE PUNISHABLE<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If committed wilfully, but without due warning by two witnesses of the punishments they involve. If committed after such warning, the penalties vary between flagellation and the death sentence.');">¹</span> WITH] EXTINCTION:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Heb. kareth, 'cutting off'; i.e., the perpetrator's life is cut short by Providence (v. Glos.) : M.K. 28a.');">²</span>

הבא על האם ועל אשת אב ועל הכלה

WHEN ONE HAS INTERCOURSE WITH HIS MOTHER,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This law as well as the other laws in the Mishnah relating to incestuous or other immoral connections are enumerated in Lev. XVIII. A notable omission from the list of incestuous relations is a daughter, both legitimate and illegitimate. The prohibition relating to her is taken to be self-evident from the explicit prohibition of intercourse with a woman and her daughter, or implied in the law regarding a grand-daughter. Cf. Yeb. 3a; Rashi ad loc.');">³</span> HIS FATHER'S WIFE OR HIS DAUGHTER-IN-LAW; WHEN A MAN HAS CONNECTION WITH A MALE, OR COVERS A BEAST, OR WHEN A WOMAN ALLOWS HERSELF TO BE COVERED BY A BEAST; WHEN ONE HAS INTERCOURSE WITH A WOMAN AND HER DAUGHTER,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Or for that purpose also a grand-daughter.');">⁴</span>

הבא על הזכור ועל הבהמה ואשה המביאה הבהמה עליה

WITH A MARRIED WOMAN, WITH HIS SISTER, WITH HIS FATHER'S SISTER, HIS MOTHER'S SISTER, HIS WIFE'S SISTER,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This prohibition holds good only while his wife is alive even though divorced.');">⁵</span> HIS BROTHER'S WIFE,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' An exception is the case of levirate marriage, Deut. XXV, 5f.');">⁶</span>

הבא על אשה ובתה ואשת איש

THE WIFE OF HIS FATHER'S BROTHER,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In some edd. 'the wife of his mother's brother' is added here.');">⁷</span> OR WITH A MENSTRUOUS WOMAN; WHEN ONE BLASPHEMES [THE LORD].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XV, 30.');">⁸</span>

הבא על אחותו ועל אחות אביו ועל אחות אמו ועל אחות אשתו ועל אשת אחיו ועל אשת אחי אביו ועל אשת אחי אמו ועל הנדה

SERVES IDOLS,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 31, which is understood to refer to idolatry.');">⁹</span> DEDICATES OF HIS CHILDREN TO MOLECH<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XVIII, 21.');">¹⁰</span>

והמגדף ועובד עבודת כוכבים והנותן מזרעו למולך ובעל אוב ומחלל שבת

OR HAS A FAMILIAR SPIRIT,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. XX, 6; cf. Sanh. VII, 6.');">¹¹</span> OR DESECRATES THE SABBATH;.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXXI, 14.');">¹²</span>

וטמא שאכל קדש והבא אל המקדש טמא

WHEN AN UNCLEAN PERSON EATS OF SACRIFICIAL FOOD,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXII, 3.');">¹³</span> OR WHEN ONE ENTERS THE PRECINCTS OF THE TEMPLE IN AN UNCLEAN STATE;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XIX, 20.');">¹⁴</span>

והאוכל חלב ודם ונותר ופיגול

WHEN ONE EATS HELEB,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Certain portions of the abdomial fat of cattle which may not be eaten, Lev. VII, 25.');">¹⁵</span> BLOOD,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. XVII, 14.');">¹⁶</span>

והשוחט ומעלה בחוץ

NOTHAR<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sacrificial portions left over beyond the prescribed time; these have to be burnt, ibid. XIX, 6-8. V. Glos.');">¹⁷</span> OR PIGGUL;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The flesh of an offering which became unfit by reason of an improper intention in the mind of those officiating. ibid. VII, 18; XIX, 7-8; v. Glos.');">¹⁸</span>

והאוכל חמץ בפסח והאוכל והעושה מלאכה ביום הכפורים

WHEN ONE SLAUGHTERS OR OFFERS UP<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. XVII, 9.');">¹⁹</span> [A CONSECRATED ANIMAL] OUTSIDE [THE TEMPLE PRECINCTS]; WHEN ONE EATS ANYTHING LEAVENED ON PASSOVER;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XII, 19.');">²⁰</span>

והמפטם את השמן והמפטם את הקטרת והסך את השמן המשחה

WHEN ONE EATS OR WORKS ON THE DAY OF ATONEMENT;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXIII, 29-30.');">²¹</span> WHEN ONE COMPOUNDS OIL [OF ANOINTING]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the exact quantities prescribed in Ex. XXX, 23-33.');">²²</span>

והפסח והמילה מצות עשה

OR COMPOUNDS INCENSE,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the proportions prescribed in ibid. 34-38.');">²³</span> OR USES [UNLAWFULLY] OIL OF ANOINTING;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 32.');">²⁴</span>

על אלו חייבין על זדונו כרת ועל שגגתו חטאת ועל לא הודע שלהם אשם תלוי

AND [WHEN ONE TRANSGRESSES THE LAWS OF] THE PASCHAL OFFERING<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. IX, 13.');">²⁵</span> , AND CIRCUMCISION<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Gen. XVII, 14.');">²⁶</span>

חוץ מן המטמא מקדש וקדשיו מפני שהוא בעולה ויורד דברי רבי מאיר

- FROM AMONG POSITIVE COMMANDMENTS. FOR THESE [TRANSGRESSIONS] ONE IS LIABLE TO EXTINCTION IF COMMITTED WILFULLY,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But without legal warning; v.n. 1 p. 1.');">²⁷</span>

וחכמים אומרים

AND IF IN ERROR TO A SIN-OFFERING,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Referring to the prohibitory laws only. No sin-offering is required for sins of omission. 'Error' denotes ignorance of the nature of the object at the time of transgression; but in case of complete ignorance of the law, no offering is brought; thus Rashi against Maim. Shegagoth II, 6.');">²⁸</span> AND IF THERE IS A DOUBT WHETHER HE HAD COMMITTED THE TRANSGRESSION TO A SUSPENSIVE GUILT-OFFERING, EXCEPT IN THE CASE OF ONE WHO DEFILED THE TEMPLE OR ITS CONSECRATED THINGS,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., one is exempt from an offering in case of doubt.');">²⁹</span>

אף המגדף שנאמר

SINCE ONE IS LIABLE IN THIS CASE TO A SLIDING-SCALE SACRIFICE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the sacrifice varies according to the means of the transgressor, Lev. V, 6, 7, 11. The rule is that a suspensive guilt-offering is brought only in cases where, if in error, one is liable to a fixed sin-offering and not to one that varied according to circumstances, cf. infra 25a.');">³⁰</span> THUS R'MEIR, WHILE THE SAGES SAY: ALSO THE BLASPHEMER [IS AN EXCEPTION],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. GEMARA:');">³¹</span>

(במדבר טו, כט) תורה אחת יהיה לכם לעושה בשגגה יצא מגדף שאינו עושה מעשה:

FOR IT SAYS: YE SHALL HAVE ONE LAW FOR HIM THAT DOETH AUGHT IN ERROR;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XV, 29.');">³²</span> THIS IS TO EXCLUDE THE BLASPHEMER<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The verse deals with those who must bring a sin-offering; v. ibid. 27.');">³³</span> WHO PERFORMS NO ACTION.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., whose offence consists of words.');">³⁴</span> [