Keritot 55

Chapter 55

א לכבשתו והעני הואיל ונדחה ידחה

1 instead of his lamb [that he was due to bring] and he became poor, since the offering was rejected it remains rejected.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Being a rich man the offering of a pair of birds which he set apart was ineligible for sacrifice, and once the offering had become ineligible it remains so for all times, even though in this case the man's circumstances deteriorated and he is now by law entitled to bring a bird-offering.');">1

ב אמר רב הונא בריה דרב יהושע שמע מינה תלת שמע מינה בעלי חיים נדחים וקדושת דמים נדחה

2 Said Rab Huna the son of R'Joshua: From this we learn three things:2 we learn that living animals can be rejected, that what is consecrated only for its money value can cause rejection,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The bird-offering which had been set apart by this man could not have been intended for the altar, since he was rich at the time, so that it was consecrated only for the value it would fetch - it would have to be sold and with the money realized the proper sacrifice would be offered. These actual birds, however, can under no circumstances be utilized for an offering even though now, by reason of the change in his circumstances, he is permitted to bring a bird-offering.');">3

ג ודחוי מעיקרא הוי דחוי

ד מתיב רב עוקבא בר חמא המפריש נקבה לפסחו קודם הפסח תרעה עד שתסתאב ותמכר ויביא בדמיה פסח ילדה זכר ירעה עד שיסתאב וימכר ויביא בדמיו פסח

4 and that what was rejected [be it even] at the very outset remains rejected permanently.4 R''Ukba B'Hanna raised an objection: If a man set apart before the Passover5 a female lamb6

ה ר"ש אומר הוא עצמו יקרב פסח ש"מ בעלי חיים אינם נדחים

5 for his Passover-offering, it must be left to pasture until it suffers a blemish when it must be sold and with the price thereof he may bring a Passover-offering. If it gave birth to a male, it7

ו אמרי דבי רבי אושעיא כי אמרינן לרבנן דר"ש ס"ל בעלי חיים אינן נדחין

6 must be left to pasture until it suffers blemish when it is sold and with the price thereof he may bring a Passover-offering. R'Simeon says: It itself may be brought as a Passover-offering. We thus learn [from the opinion of R'Simeon] that living animals are not rejected! - R'Oshaia replied:8

ז והגרלה אינה מעכבת דתניא מת אחד מהן מביא חבירו שלא בהגרלה דברי ר"ש

7 I stated [my view] in accordance with the opinion of the Rabbis, for it is [only] R'Simeon who holds that living animals are not rejected.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In cur. edd. there is added: 'neither is the casting of lots indispensable'. This has no bearing on the argument and is deleted by Sh. Mek.; it is omitted in MS. M.');">9

ח אלמא קסבר בעלי חיים אינן נידחין והגרלה אינה מעכבת

8 For it was taught: If one of the two [goats] died he may bring another without [further] casting of lots;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the Day of Atonement two goats were brought and lots were cast over them, one as an offering to the Lord and the other as the Scapegoat; v. Lev. XVI, 8. If one of the goats died after the decision of the lots, another goat may be brought to replace it, according to R. Simeon, neither is there any need for a second ceremony of casting lots. Now the surviving goat was temporarily rejected by reason of the death of the other, yet it becomes now eligible for offering, thus proving that living animals are not permanently rejected.');">10 this is the opinion of R'Simeon, We thus see that he holds that living animals are not rejected, neither is the casting of lots indispensable.

ט אמר רב חסדא אין הקינין מתפרשות אלא אי בלקיחת בעלים אי בעשיית כהן

9 Rab Hisda said: Bird-offerings are designated11 only at the time of purchase by the owner or at the time of offering by the priest.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Wherever the Torah prescribes a bird-offering, e.g. in the case of a woman after childbirth, two turtle-doves or two young pigeons must be brought, one to be a sin-offering and the other a burnt-offering. The allocation of the birds for the particular offering, we are here told, may be made at two periods only, either when the owner purchases them or when the priest is about to offer them. The designation of the birds at these two periods is final and cannot be altered; if made at any other time the designation is not decisive and it may be altered.');">12

י אמר רב שימי בר אשי מאי טעמא דרב חסדא דכתיב (ויקרא יב, ח) ולקחה שתי תורים וגו' (ויקרא טו, ל) ועשה הכהן וגו' או בלקיחת בעלים או בעשיית כהן

10 Said Rab Shimi B'Ashi: What is the reason for Rab Hisda's view? Because it is written, And she shall take two turtle-doves<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XII, 8. The verse continues: or two young pigeons: the one for a burnt-offering and the other for a sin-offering. This indicates that the woman after confinement designates the birds for the particular kind of offering at the time when she takes, i.e. purchases, them.');">13 etc. and also, And the priest shall offer14 etc. thereby indicating [that the designation is made] either at the time of purchase by the owner or at the time of offering by the priest.

יא מיתיבי (ויקרא טז, ט) ועשהו חטאת הגורל עושהו חטאת ואין השם עושהו חטאת ואין כהן עושה חטאת

11 An objection was raised: [And Aaron shall present the goat upon which the lot fell for the Lord,] and make it a sin-offering;15 this implies, that the lot makes it a sin-offering but designation does not make it a sin-offering.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If the High Priest, therefore, did not cast lots over the two goats but merely named them for their specific purposes, one for the Lord and the other as the Scapegoat, they are not thereby finally determined but may be interchanged.');">16

יב שיכול והלא דין הוא ומה במקום שלא קידש הגורל קידש השם מקום שיקדש הגורל אינו דין שיקדש השם

12 For [without this text] I would have argued [the reverse] by a fortiori reasoning thus: if in a case where the lot does not sanctify<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the case where a pair of birds is prescribed, the casting of lots to determine which shall be the sin-offering and which the burnt-offering is not decisive, and they may be interchanged, for the casting of lots is prescribed as a rite only for the two goats of the Day of Atonement.');">17 designation does, then surely where the lot sanctifies designation does so all the more! Therefore Scripture stated, 'And make it a sin-offering', to intimate that the lot [only] makes it a sin offering but designation does not make it a sin-offering.

יג ת"ל ועשהו חטאת הגורל עושהו חטאת ואין השם עושהו חטאת

13 Now [in the argument] designation was equated with the lot; and as the lot is [effective] not [necessarily] at the time of purchase or at the time of offering,18 so designation is [effective] not [necessarily] at the time of purchase or at the time of offering!19

יד קתני שם דומיא דגורל מה גורל לאו בלקיחה ולאו בעשייה אף השם נמי לאו בלקיחה ולאו בעשייה

14 Rabbah answered: This was the argument: if in a case where the lot does not sanctify even [when cast] at the time of purchase or at the time of offering, designation does sanctify [if made] either at the time of purchase or at the time of offering,20

טו אמר רב ה"ק ומה במקום שלא קידש הגורל בלקיחת בעלים ובעשיית הכהן קידש השם אי בלקיחת בעלים אי בעשיית כהן כאן שיקדש הגורל שלא בלקיחה ושלא בעשייה אינו דין שיקדש השם אי בלקיחה אי בעשייה

15 then surely where the lot sanctifies outside the time of purchase or the time of offering, designation sanctifies all the more either at the time of purchase or at the time of offering! Therefo Scripture stated, 'And make it a sin-offering', to intimate that the lot [only] makes it a sin-offering but designation does not make it a sin-offering. An objection was raised: If a poor man who defiled the Sanctuary had set apart money for his bird-offering, and he became rich,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He is now bound to bring an animal for a sin-offering, so that his subsequent designation of the money for the respective bird-offerings was in error and unnecessary.');">21

טז ת"ל ועשהו חטאת הגורל עושהו חטאת ואין השם עושהו חטאת

16 and afterwards22 said: 'This [money] shall be for my sin-offering and this for my burnt-offering', he may add to the money assigned for his [bird] sin-offering and bring therewith his obligation,23

יז מיתיבי מטמא מקדש עני שהפריש מעות לקינו והעשיר

17 but he may not add to the money assigned for his [bird] burnt-offering and bring therewith his obligation.24 Now here [the designation was made] neither at the time of purchase nor at the time of offering,25

יח אמר אלו לחטאתי ואלו לעולתי מוסיף ומביא חובתו מדמי חטאתו ואין מוסיף ומביא מדמי עולתו

18 and yet it states that he may bring his obligation from the money assigned for his sin-offering but not from that assigned for his burnt-offering.26

יט והא הכא דליכא לא לקיחה ולא עשייה וקתני מביא חובתו מדמי חטאתו ולא מדמי עולתו

19 - Thereupon Rab Shesheth said: And do you think that the Baraitha is in order? [It surely is not,] for it says, 'And he became rich and afterwards said', whereas R'Eleazar said in the name of R'Oshaia that if a rich man who defiled the Sanctuary brought a poor man's offering he has not fulfilled his obligation!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since he does not fulfil his obligation with the poor man's offering of birds then surely his designation was of no effect, consequently he should be permitted to use the entire money as he pleases.');">27

כ א"ר ששת ותסברא מתניתא מתקנתא היא דקתני והעשיר והא"ר אלעזר א"ר אושעיא מטמא מקדש עשיר שהביא קרבן עני לא יצא

20 But you must rather say that he had already designated it when he was still poor;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e. the designation was made before he became rich when he was still subject to a poor man's offering and therefore the designation is effective. The Baraitha must be corrected accordingly.');">28 then here,29 too, [we will say that] he had already designated it when he set apart [the money].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to Rab Hisda the Baraitha required a further correction to imply that the designation was made not only before this man became rich but actually at the very moment when the money was set apart. This period is equivalent to the time of purchase, and therefore the designation is effective in accordance with Rab Hisda's ruling.');">30 But according to R'Hagga who said in the name of R'Oshaia31 that he thereby fulfilled his obligation,32

כא אלא מאי אית לך למימר שכבר אמר משעת ענייתו ה"נ שכבר אמר משעת הפרשתו

21 what can be said?33 - Read [in the Baraitha]: And afterwards he bought and said.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The word 'bought' must be inserted. In this way the designation was made at the time of purchase, and it is therefore effective, in accordance with Rab Hisda's view.');">34

כב ולר' חגא א"ר אושעיא דאמר יצא מאי איכא למימר תני ואח"כ לקח ואמר

22 An objection was raised: If a poor leper brought the offerings of a rich leper he has fulfilled his obligati if a rich leper brought the offerings of a poor leper he has not fulfilled his obligation. Is not this a refutat of R'Hagga's ruling in the name of R'Oshaia?35 - He can reply: It is different in the case of a leper, for t Divine Law imposed there a limitation by the word 'this'.36 If so, then even a poor leper who brought the offerings of a rich leper should not thereby fulfil his obligation? - How could this be?

כג מיתיבי מצורע עני שהביא קרבן עשיר יצא עשיר שהביא קרבן עני לא יצא תיובתא דר' חגא א"ר אושעיא

23 Surely this case was included by the expression 'the law'!37 And so it was taught: The expression 'the law' includes the case of a poor leper who brought a rich leper's offering that he has-thereby fulfilled his obligation. I might think, however, that even where a rich leper brought a poor leper's offering he has also fulfilled his obligation; therefore Scripture added: 'this'.

כד אמר לך שאני גבי מצורע דמיעט רחמנא (ויקרא יד, ב) זאת

24 Let us then infer from it!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That a rich man who defiled the Sanctuary cannot obtain atonement by a poor man's offering, just as a rich leper cannot discharge his obligation with the offering of a poor leper.');">38 - Scripture states, And if he be poor and his means suffice not:39

כה אי הכי אפילו מצורע עני נמי שהביא קרבן עשיר לא יצא לאיי הא אהדריה קרא תורת והתניא תורת לרבות מצורע עני שהביא קרבן עשיר יצא יכול אפילו עשיר שהביא קרבן עני שיצא תלמוד לומר זאת

25 signifying that only 'he', the leper, when rich does not fulfil his obligation with a poor man's offering, but a rich man who defiled the Sanctuary and who brought a poor man's offering has thereby fulfilled his obligation. <big>MISHNAH: </big>R'SIMEON SAYS: LAMBS COME BEFORE GOATS IN ALL PLACES.40 YOU MIGHT THINK THAT IT IS BECAUSE THEY ARE CHOICER,41 THEREFORE SCRIPTURE STATED, AND IF HE BRING A LAMB AS HIS OFFERING,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. IV, 32. This offering is stated as an alternative to the goat prescribed earlier in this chapter, in v. 28. In this passage the goat is stated before the lamb, and it serves to signify that both are equal in regard to sacrifices.');">42 TO TEACH THAT BOTH ARE EQUAL. TURTLE-DOVES COME BEFORE YOUNG PIGEONS IN ALL PLACES. YOU MIGHT THINK THAT IT IS BECAUSE THEY ARE CHOICER'THEREFORE SCRIPTURE STATED, A YOUNG PIGEON OR A TURTLE-DOVE FOR A SIN-OFFERING,43 TO TEACH THAT BOTH ARE EQUAL.

כו ולילף מיניה אמר קרא (ויקרא יד, כא) ואם דל הוא ואין ידו משגת מצורע הוא דעשיר שהביא קרבן עני הוא דלא יצא אבל מטמא מקדש עשיר שהביא קרבן עני יצא:

26 THE FATHER COMES BEFORE THE MOTHER IN ALL PLACES. YOU MIGHT THINK THAT IT IS BECAUSE THE HONOUR DUE TO THE FATHER EXCEEDS THE HONOUR DUE TO THE MOTHER, THEREFORE SCRIPTURE STATED, YE SHALL FEAR EVERY MAN HIS MOTHER AND HIS FATHER,44 TO TEACH THAT BOTH ARE EQUAL.45

כז <big>מתני׳</big> ר"ש אומר כבשים קודמין את העזים בכל מקום יכול מפני שהן מובחרים מהם ת"ל (ויקרא ד, לב) ואם כבש יביא קרבנו לחטאת מלמד ששניהם שקולין

27 BUT THE SAGES HAVE SAID: THE FATHER COMES BEFORE THE MOTHER IN ALL PLACES, BECAUSE BOTH A MAN AND HIS MOTHER ARE BOUND TO HONOUR THE FATHER'AND SO IT IS ALSO WITH THE STUDY OF THE LAW; IF THE SON HAS BEEN WORTHY [TO SIT] BEFORE THE TEACHER, THE TEACHER COMES BEFORE THE FATHER IN ALL PLACES,46 BECAUSE BOTH A MAN AND HIS FATHER ARE BOUND TO HONOUR THE TEACHER'<big>GEMARA:</big> Our Rabbis taught:47 Four cries did the Temple Court cry out.

כח תורין קודמין לבני יונה בכל מקום יכול מפני שהן מובחרים מהן תלמוד לומר ((ויקרא יב, ו) תור ובני) יונה או תור לחטאת מלמד ששניהם שקולין

28 The first cry: Cause the sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, to depart hence for they defiled the Temple.48 The second cry: Open. O ye gates, and let Johanan the son of Nidbai, the disciple of Pinkai, enter and fill his stomach with the Divine sacrifices It was said of the son of Nidbai that he used to eat four seah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. Rashi in Pes. l.c. explains this as a compliment to his hospitality that many were invited to share his table, hence the excessive amount of food consumed.');">49

כט האב קודם לאם בכל מקום יכול מפני שכיבוד האב קודם על כיבוד האם ת"ל (ויקרא יט, ג) איש אמו ואביו תיראו מלמד ששניהם שקולין אבל אמרו חכמים האב קודם לאם בכל מקום מפני שהוא ואמו חייבין בכבוד אביו

29 of young birds

ל וכן בתלמוד תורה אם זכה הבן לפני הרב הרב קודם את האב בכל מקום מפני שהוא ואביו חייבין בכבוד רבו:

לא <big>גמ׳</big> ת"ר ד' צווחות צווחה עזרה צווחה אחת הוציאו מיכן בני עלי חפני ופנחס שטימאו את ההיכל

לב צווחה שניה פתחו שערים ויכנס יוחנן בן נדבאי תלמידו של פינקאי וימלא כרסו מקדשי שמים אמרו על בן נדבאי שהיה אוכל ארבע סאה גוזלות

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