Kiddushin 148

הכי קאמר כל האסורים לבא בקהל כהונה מאי נינהו גיורת פחותה מבת שלש שנים ויום אחד ודלא כר' שמעון בן יוחי מותרין לבוא זה בזה

This is its meaning: ALL WHO ARE FORBIDDEN TO ENTER INTO THE ASSEMBLY of priesthood - namely,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'who is it?'');">¹</span> A female proselyte less than three years and one day, this disagreeing with R'Simeon B'Yohai<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'ASSEMBLY,' according to this, refers to the priesthood, and this Tanna holds that even if a child less than three years and a day becomes a proselyte she is forbidden to a priest, thus disagreeing with R. Simeon b. Yohai, infra 78a.');">²</span>

ונוקמה בבת שלש שנים ויום אחד ואפי' לר' שמעון בן יוחי א"כ מצידה תברה

- MAY INTERMARRY WITH EACH OTHER.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And R. Judah's statement can thus refer to the marriage of a proselyte and mamzereth.');">³</span> Then let us relate it to one aged three years and a day, so agreeing even with R'Simeon B'Yohai? - If so, its refutation is at its side.

אלא טעמא דבת שלש שנים ויום אחד הא פחותה מבת שלש שנים ויום אחד דמותרת לבא בקהל כהונה אסורה לבוא זה בזה הרי פחותה מבת שלש שנים ויום אחד לר"ש בן יוחי דמותרת לבא בקהל כהונה ומותרות לבא זה בזה

[For we would then argue thus:] It is only because she is three years and a day; but if less than three years and one day, since she may enter into the assembly of priests, she is forbidden [to intermarry] with the others?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. mamzer, etc.');">⁴</span> But what of [the case of her] who is less then three years and a day, according to R'Simeon B'Yohai, who, though she may enter into the assembly of priests, may yet intermarry with the others!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For since she may marry a mamzer, it follows that the assembly of proselytes is not designated 'assembly' (v. supra a) ; hence the same holds good if she becomes a proselyte before that age.');">⁵</span>

וכללא הוא דכל האסורים לבא בקהל כהונה מותרין לבא זה בזה והרי אלמנה וגרושה וחללה וזונה דאסורים לבא בקהל כהונה ואסורים לבא זה בזה ותו הא מותר אסור והרי גר שמותר בכהנת ומותר בממזרת

[But] is it a general principle that all who are forbidden to enter into the assembly of priesthood may intermarry with each other? But what of a widow, a divorced woman, a halalah and a zonah,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXI, 7: 'harlot'. For the definition, v. Yeb. 61b.');">⁶</span>

אלא אמר רב נתן בר הושעיא ה"ק כל שכהן אסור לישא את בתו ומאי ניהו גר שנשא גיורת וכר' אליעזר בן יעקב מותרין לבא זה בזה

who are forbidden to enter into the assembly of priesthood,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A widow may not marry a High Priest; the others are interdicted to all priests.');">⁷</span> and yet may not intermarry with these others?

וכללא הוא דכל שכהן אסור לישא את בתו מותרים לבא זה בזה הרי חלל שנשא בת ישראל דכהן אסור לישא בתו ואסורין נמי לבא זה בזה לא קשיא כר' דוסתאי בן יהודה

Furthermore, [the principle implies,] but one who is permitted [to marry into the priesthood] is forbidden [to intermarry with these]; but a proselyte is permitted to a priest's daughter, yet also permitted to a mamzereth!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As in n. 3.');">⁸</span> - But, said R'Nathan B'Hoshaia: This is what [the Mishnah] means: One whose daughter a priest may not marry - and who is that?

והרי חלל שנשא חללה וכהן אסור לישא בתו ואסור נמי לבא זה בזה ותו הא מותר אסור והרי גר שנשא בת ישראל וכהן מותר לישא בתו ומותרין לבא זה בזה

a proselyte married to a proselyte, this agreeing with R'Eliezer B'Jacob<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Infra 77a.');">⁹</span> - may intermarry with these others.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. mamzer, etc.');">¹⁰</span>

אלא אמר רב נחמן אמר רבה בר אבוה הכא ממזר מאחותו וממזר מאשת איש איכא בינייהו

Now, is it a general principle that one whose daughter a priest may not marry may intermarry with these? But what of [the case of] a halal who marries an Israelite's daughter, though a priest may not marry his daughter, yet he may not intermarry with these others?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. mamzer, etc.');">¹⁰</span>

ת"ק סבר אפי' ממזר מאחותו נמי הוי ממזר ור' יהודה סבר מאשת איש הוי ממזר מאחותו לא הוי ממזר

- That is no difficulty: [our Tanna teaches] according to R'Dosethai B'Judah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. and supra 64a.');">¹¹</span> But what of a halal who marries a halalah, though a priest may not marry his daughter, yet he may intermarry with these others.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. mamzer, etc.');">¹⁰</span>

מאי קמ"ל תנינא איזהו ממזר כל שהוא (דברים כג, ג) בלא יבא דברי ר' עקיבא

Furthermore, [the principle implies,] but one whose [daughter] is permitted [to marry a priest] is forbidden [to intermarry with these]; but what of a proselyte who marries an Israelite's daughter, though a priest may marry his daughter, yet he may intermarry with these others!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. mamzer, etc.');">¹²</span> - But, said R'Nahman in Rabbah B'Abbuha's name: Here they differ with respect to a mamzer from a sister and a mamzer from a married woman.

שמעון התימני אומר כל שחייבין עליו כרת בידי שמים והלכה כדבריו ר' יהושע אומר כל שחייבין עליו מיתת ב"ד

The first Tanna holds that even a mamzer from a sister is mamzer; while R'Judah holds: from a married woman it is mamzer, but not from a sister.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Mishnah does not refer to a proselyte at all, but to the question whether these two illegitimate children may intermarry. A sister is interdicted on pain of kareth, q.v. Glos; adultery with a married woman is punishable by death. The first Tanna treats the issue of both as mamzer, and he states, those who are forbidden to enter the assembly as mamzerim may intermarry. But R. Judah maintains that only the latter, forbidden on pain of death, is mamzer, but not the former; hence they may not intermarry.');">¹³</span> Then what does he [the Tanna of our Mishnah] inform us?

אלא אמר רבא גר עמוני ומואבי איכא בינייהו והכי קאמר כל האסורים לבא בקהל ומאי ניהו גר עמוני ומואבי מותרין לבא זה בזה

We have [already] learnt it: Who is mamzer? All who are subject to 'he shall not enter':<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., even the issue of a union interdicted by a mere negative precept.');">¹⁴</span>

אי הכי מאי ר' יהודה אוסר ה"ק אע"פ שרבי יהודה אוסר גר בממזרת הני מילי גר דראוי לבא בקהל אבל גר עמוני ומואבי דאין ראויין לבא בקהל לא

this is R'Akiba's view. Simeon the Temanite said: Whoever involves the penalty of kareth at the hands of Heaven;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The child of such a union so forbidden.');">¹⁵</span>

תנו רבנן בן תשע שנים ויום אחד גר עמוני ומואבי מצרי ואדומי כותי ונתין חלל וממזר שבאו על הכהנת ועל הלויה ועל בת ישראל [פסלוה] ר' יוסי אומר כל שזרעו פסול פוסל וכל שאין זרעו פסול אינו פוסל רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר

and the halachah is as his ruling. R'Joshua said: Whoever involves the penalty of death by the Court!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Thus this dispute is taught elsewhere (Yeb. 49a) ; why repeat it here?');">¹⁶</span> - But, said Raba, they differ in reference to an Ammonite and a Moabite convert, and this is its meaning: ALL WHO ARE FORBIDDEN TO ENTER INTO THE ASSEMBLY, - and who are they? an Ammonite and a Moabite proselyte - MAY INTERMARRY WITH EACH OTHER'If so, what is meant by R'JUDAH FORBIDS IT?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Surely these may marry a mamzer, since these do not come under the category of 'assembly'.');">¹⁷</span> - This is its meaning: Though R'JUDAH FORBIDS a proselyte [to intermarry] with a mamzereth, that is only a proselyte who is eligible to enter into the assembly, but not Ammonite and Moabite proselytes, who are not eligible to enter into the assembly. Our Rabbis taught: A male aged nine years and a day,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Before that he cannot engender.');">¹⁸</span> [whether he be] an Ammonite, Moabite, Egyptian or Edomite convert, or a Cuthean, Nathin, halal or mamzer, who has intercourse with the daughter of a priest, a Levite or an Israelite, he disqualifies her.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The first, to eat terumah; the other two, to marry a priest.');">¹⁹</span> R'Jose said: He whose seed [i.e., issue] is unfit [for th priesthood] disqualifies,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The woman with whom be cohabits.');">²⁰</span> but he whose issue is not unfit does not disqualify. R'Simeon B'Gamaliel said: