Kiddushin 22

Chapter 22

א והרי טענה דכתיב (שמות כב, ו) כי יתן איש אל רעהו כסף או כלים לשמור ותנן שבועת הדיינין הטענה שתי כסף וההודאה שוה פרוטה
1 But what of a claim, concerning which it is written: If a man shall deliver unto his neighbour money or utensils to keep etc.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXII, 6; in B.K. ');"><sup>1</sup></span> yet we learnt: 'The oath taken before judges [is imposed] for a [minimum] claim of two silver [ma'ahs] and an admission of a perutah'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi: This proves that no particular sum is meant by the term 'money,' but that in all cases it was left for the Rabbis to determine. For if a particular sum is meant, granted that a ma'ah is the smallest Tyrian coin, why two? Tosaf. and others: the smallest Tyrian coin is a denar, whereas a ma'ah = 1/6th of a denar. (Though the actual coin is not mentioned in the quotation, ma'ah is assumed, because 'two' is in the fem. form, agreeing with ma'ah, whereas denar is masc.) .');"><sup>2</sup></span> - There it is similar to 'utensils': just as 'utensils' impli [at least] two, so must 'money' refer to two [coins],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that the claim must be at least for two silver pieces, i.e., ma'ahs.');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ב התם דומיא דכלים מה כלים שנים אף כסף שנים ומה כסף דבר חשוב אף כלים דבר חשוב
2 and just as 'money' implies something of worth,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., two ma'ahs.');"><sup>4</sup></span> so does 'utensils' mean something of worth.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that if a man claimed two needles, one of which was admitted, no oath is imposed, since these are not worth two ma'ahs (Rashi) . Tosaf. and others with different reading of the text: just as 'utensils' implies something of value, so does 'money' apply to that likewise, and a ma'ah is a coin of value; whilst 'two' is likewise deduced from the plural, 'utensils'. [Whereas according to Rashi's reading the minimum value required in the case of 'utensils' is determined by the significance attached to the word 'money', according to that of Tosaf., the value of 'utensils' is judged by their own merits, so that even a couple of needles are to be treated as things of worth in view of the use to which they can be put].');"><sup>5</sup></span> But [what of the second] tithe, in regard to which it is written, [Then thou shalt turn it into money] and bind up the money in thine hand,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XIV, 25, q.v.');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ג והרי מעשר דכתיב (דברים יד, כה) וצרת הכסף בידך ותנן הפורט סלע ממעות מעשר שני כסף הכסף ריבה
3 yet we learnt: 'If one changes a sela' of second tithe [copper] coins.'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A dispute follows as to how many of the coins should be changed. Now, this shews that in the first place the tithe was redeemed with copper coins, though Scripture mentions 'money' in this connection.');"><sup>7</sup></span> - 'The money' is an extension,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Shewing that even copper coins may be used.');"><sup>8</sup></span> But what of hekdesh,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');"><sup>9</sup></span>
ד והרי הקדש דכתיב ונתן הכסף וקם לו ואמר שמואל הקדש שוה מנה שחיללו על שוה פרוטה מחולל התם נמי כסף כסף יליף ממעשר
4 concerning which it is written, then he shall give the money, and it shall be assured to him,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. B.M. (Sonc. ed.) p. 321, n. 1.');"><sup>10</sup></span> yet Samuel said: If hekdesh worth a maneh is redeemed with the equivalent of a perutah, it is redeemed?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. n. 2; the same applies here.');"><sup>11</sup></span> - There too, we deduce the meaning of 'money' from tithes.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since in the latter instance the money extends the law to copper coins, these are valid for the redemption of hekdesh too.');"><sup>12</sup></span>
ה והרי קידושי אשה דכתיב (דברים כד, א) כי יקח איש אשה ובעלה וגמר קיחה (בראשית כג, יג) קיחה משדה עפרון ותנן בית הלל אומרים בפרוטה ובשוה פרוטה נימא רב אסי דאמר כבית שמאי
5 But what of a woman's kiddushin, concerning which it is written: When a man taketh a wife, and marry her,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XXIV, 1.');"><sup>13</sup></span> and we deduce the meaning of 'taking' from the field of Ephron,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 1, n. 12. Thus it is as though 'money' were written in this passage.');"><sup>14</sup></span> yet we learnt: BETH HILLEL RULE, BY A PERUTAH OR THE WORTH OF A PERUTAH; shall we say [then] that R'Assi ruled in accordance with Beth Shammai?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is a fixed principle that in all disputes between these two schools the halachah agrees with Beth Hillel.');"><sup>15</sup></span>
ו אלא אי איתמר הכי איתמר אמר רב יהודה אמר רב אסי כל כסף קצוב האמור בתורה כסף צורי ושל דבריהם כסף מדינה
6 - But if stated, it was stated thus: Rab Judah said in R'Assi's name: Whenever a fixed sum of money is mentioned in the Torah, Tyrian coinage is meant; whereas the Rabbinical usage refers to provincial currency.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But no fixed sum is mentioned for kiddushin.');"><sup>16</sup></span> Then what does he teach us? We have already learnt it: The five sela's mentioned in connection with a firstborn,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Num. XVIII, 15f: Nevertheless the firstborn of man thou shalt surely redeem . . for the money of five shekels. - 'Shekels' is the Biblical term for sela'.');"><sup>17</sup></span>
ז מאי קמ"ל תנינא חמש סלעים של בן שלשים של עבד חמשים של אונס ושל מפתה מאה של מוציא שם רע כולם בשקל הקודש במנה צורי
7 the thirty of a slave,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXI, 32: If the ox gore a manservant or a maidservant he (the owner) shall give unto their master thirty shekels of silver.');"><sup>18</sup></span> the fifty of a ravisher and a seducer,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XXII, 28f: If a man find a damsel that is a virgin which is not betrothed, and lay hold on her, and lie with her, and they be found; then the man that lay with her shall give unto the damsel's father fifty shekels of silver.');"><sup>19</sup></span> and the hundred of a slanderer<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 13 et seqq.: If a man take a wife . . and hate her . . and bring an evil name upon (i.e., slander) her, and say: I took this woman, and . . found not in her tokens of virginity . . then the elders of that city shall amerce him in a hundred shekels of silver.');"><sup>20</sup></span>
ח ושל דבריהם כסף מדינה איצטריכא ליה דלא תנן דתניא התוקע לחבירו נותן לו סלע ולא תימא מאי סלע ארבע זוזי אלא מאי סלע פלגא דזוזא דעבידי אינשי דקרו לפלגא דזוזא איסתירא
8 - all these are [computed] by the holy shekel according to the Tyrian maneh!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 1 Tyrian maneh = 25 holy shekels.');"><sup>21</sup></span> - He wishes to state, 'whereas the Rabbinical term refers to provincial currency,' which we did not learn. For we learnt: If one boxes his neighbour's ears,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Others: shouts into his neighbour's ear.');"><sup>22</sup></span>
ט רבי שמעון בן לקיש אומר טעמייהו דבית שמאי כדחזקיה דאמר חזקיה אמר קרא (שמות כא, ח) והפדה מלמד שמגרעת מפדיונה ויוצאה
9 he must pay him a sela'. Now, you should not say, what is a sela'? Four zuz,'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the Tyrian currency.');"><sup>23</sup></span>
י אי אמרת בשלמא דיהב לה דינר היינו דמגרעה ואזלה עד פרוטה אלא אי אמרת דיהב לה פרוטה מפרוטה מי מגרעה ודלמא ה"ק רחמנא היכא דיהב לה דינר תיגרע עד פרוטה היכא דיהב לה פרוטה לא תיגרע כלל
10 but what is a sela'? Half a zuz, for it happens that people call half a zuz 'istira'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A silver coin, equal to the provincial sela' = 1/2 zuz.');"><sup>24</sup></span> R'Simeon B'Lakish said: Beth Shammai's reason is in accordance with Hezekiah. For Hezekiah said: Scripture saith, then shall he let her be redeemed<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXI, 8; v. infra 14b, ');"><sup>25</sup></span> - this teaches that she deducts from her redemption [money] and goes out [free]. Now, if you say that he [the master] gave her a denar,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In buying her. The money given for a Hebrew maidservant may also be regarded as kiddushin, since in virtue thereof he can take her to wife; v. Ex. ibid.');"><sup>26</sup></span> it is well: hence she can go on deducting until a perutah. But if you say that he gave her a perutah: what can be deducted from a perutah?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Seeing that it is the smallest coin.');"><sup>27</sup></span> But perhaps Scripture ordered thus: if he gave her a denar, she can go on deducting until a perutah; [but] if he gave her a perutah, she cannot deduct at all?