Kiddushin 27

Chapter 27

א (דברים כה, ה) יבמה יבא עליה ולקחה לו לאשה ואימא לכולה מילתא כאשה לא סלקא דעתך דתניא יכול יהו כסף ושטר גומרים בה כדרך שהביאה גומרת בה תלמוד לומר (דברים כה, ה) ויבמה ביאה גומרת בה ואין כסף ושטר גומרים בה
1 Her husband's brother shall go in unto her, and take her to him to wife.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. XXV, 5.');"><sup>1</sup></span> Then perhaps she is like a wife in all respects?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To be acquired by money or deed too?');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ב ואימא מאי ויבמה דבעל כרחה מיבם אם כן לימא קרא ויבם מאי ויבמה שמעת מינה תרתי :
2 - You may not think so. For it was taught: I might think that money or deed can complete her acquisition, just as intercourse does; therefore it is written, and perform the duty of an husband's brother unto her:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., have intercourse with her. Ibid. This is really a repetition of the first part of the verse, and therefore emphasizes intercourse.');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ג בחליצה : מנלן דכתיב (דברים כה, י) ונקרא שמו בישראל בית חלוץ הנעל כיון שחלץ בה נעל הותרה לכל ישראל
3 teaching, intercourse alone completes the acquisition of her, but money or deed does not complete the acquisition of her. Yet perhaps what is the purpose of 'and perform the duty of an husband's brother unto her'?
ד האי ישראל להכי הוא דאתא האי מיבעי ליה לכדתני רב שמואל בר יהודה בישראל בב"ד של ישראל ולא בבית דין של עובדי כוכבים תרי בישראל כתיבי
4 It is that he can take her by force?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That being taught by the repetition.');"><sup>4</sup></span> - If so, Scripture should have stated: 'and perform the duty of a husband's brother',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This would have sufficed to emphasize intercourse alone as a means of acquisition.');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ה ואכתי מיבעי ליה לכדתניא אמר רבי יהודה פעם אחת היינו יושבים לפני ר' טרפון ובאתה יבמה לחלוץ ואמר לנו ענו כולכם ואמרו חלוץ הנעל חלוץ הנעל ההוא מונקרא שמו נפקא :
5 why [add] 'unto her'? Hence both are learnt from it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'unto her' implying even against her will.');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ו ובמיתת היבם : מנלן ק"ו ומה אשת איש שהיא בחנק מיתת הבעל מתירתה יבמה שהיא בלאו לא כל שכן
6 [AND ACQUIRES HER FREEDOM] BY HALIZAH. Whence do we know it?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The passage a.I. does not state that halizah frees her, but merely that it must be performed if the yabam refuses her.');"><sup>7</sup></span>
ז מה לאשת איש שכן יוצאה בגט תאמר בזו שאינה יוצאה בגט הא נמי יוצאה בחליצה
7 - From the verse: And his name shall be called in Israel, The house of him that hath his shoe loosed:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 10.');"><sup>8</sup></span> once there has been the loosening of the shoe in her case, she is permitted to all Israel.
ח אלא מה לאשת איש שכן אוסרה מתירה אמר רב אשי הא נמי אוסרה מתירה יבם אוסרה יבם שרי לה
8 Does then this [word] 'Israel' come to teach this? But necessary for what R'Samuel B'Judah learnt: [Halizah must be performed] at a Beth din of [naturally born] Israelites, but not at a Beth din of proselytes.
ט ותהא אשת איש יוצאה בחליצה מק"ו ומה יבמה שאינה יוצאה בגט יוצאה בחליצה זו שיוצאה בגט אינו דין שיוצאה בחליצה אמר קרא (דברים כד, א) ספר כריתות ספר כורתה ואין דבר אחר כורתה
9 - 'In Israel' is written twice.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In Deut. XXV, 7 and 10.');"><sup>9</sup></span> Yet it is still required for what was taught: R'Judah said: We were once sitting before R'Tarfon, when a woman came to perform halizah.
י ותהא יבמה יוצאת בגט מקל וחומר ומה אשת איש שאין יוצאה בחליצה יוצאה בגט זו שיוצאה בחליצה אין דין שיוצאה בגט אמר קרא (דברים כה, ט) ככה וככה עיכובא
10 Thereupon he instructed us, Do all of you respond and say: 'He that hath his shoe loosed, he that hath his shoe loosed'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Heb. haluz ha-na'al, haluz ha-na'al - i.e., those present must actually say these words as part of the ceremony.');"><sup>10</sup></span> - That is derived from, and his name shall be called.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Leaving 'in Israel' free for another purpose.');"><sup>11</sup></span>
יא וכל היכא דאיכא עיכובא לא דרשי ק"ו והא יוה"כ דכתיב (ויקרא טז, ח) גורל וחוקה
11 OR THE YABAM'S DEATH. How do we know it? - A fortiori: if a married woman, who is [forbidden to others] on pain of strangulation, is freed<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'permitted'.');"><sup>12</sup></span>
יב ותניא (ויקרא טז, ט) ועשהו חטאת הגורל עושה חטאת ואין השם עושה חטאת
12 by her husband's death; then a yebamah, who is [forbidden only] by a negative precept,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 5: the wife of the dead shall not marry without unto a stranger.');"><sup>13</sup></span> is surely [freed by the yabam's death].
יג שיכול והלא דין הוא ומה במקום שלא קידש הגורל קידש השם מקום שקידש הגורל אינו דין שיקדש השם
13 As for a married woman, [it may be asked] that is because she is freed<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'goes out'.');"><sup>14</sup></span> by divorce! Will you say [the same] of this one a yebamah], who is not freed [from the Levirate tie] by divorce? - She too is freed by halizah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Thus another means of freedom being found for each, the a fortiori argument holds good.');"><sup>15</sup></span>
יד ת"ל ועשהו חטאת הגורל עושה חטאת ואין השם עושה חטאת וטעמא דמעטיה קרא הא לאו הכי דרשינן קל וחומר אע"ג דכתיב ביה חוקה
14 But [refute it thus]: as for a married woman, that is because he who binds her frees her!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But a yebamah is forbidden to others on account of her dead husband, whereas it is to be proved that the yabam's death frees her.');"><sup>16</sup></span> - Said R'Ashi: In her case too, he who binds her frees her: the yabam binds her, the yabam frees her.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But for the existence of the yabam, her husband's death would have freed her. Hence it is really he who is responsible.');"><sup>17</sup></span>
טו אמר קרא (דברים כד, א) לה לה ולא ליבמה ואימא לה לשמה
15 Now, let a married woman be freed by halizah, a minori: if a yebamah, who is not freed by divorce, is freed by halizah; then this one [a married woman], who is freed by divorce, is certainly freed by halizah! - Scripture saith, [then he shall write her] a deed of divorcement,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut XXIV, 1.');"><sup>18</sup></span> thus, a deed may divorce her, but nothing else can divorce her.
טז תרי לה כתיבי ואכתי מיבעי ליה חד לה לשמה ואידך לה ולא לה ולחבירתה
16 Now, let a yebamah be freed by divorce, a minori: if a married woman, who is not freed by halizah, is freed by divorce: then this one [a yebamah], who is freed by halizah, is surely freed by divorce! - Scripture states: Thus [shall it be done, etc.]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. XXV, 9.');"><sup>19</sup></span> and 'thus' intimates indispensableness.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The emphatic 'thus' indicates that the ceremony prescribed is indispensable. and that nothing else can achieve the same result.');"><sup>20</sup></span>
יז אלא אמר קרא (דברים כה, ט) נעל נעל אין מידי אחרינא לא
17 Now, wherever there is an intimation of indispensableness, do we not infer a minori? But what of the Day of Atonement, where 'lot' and 'statute' are written,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And it is a principle that 'statute' likewise indicates indispensableness.');"><sup>21</sup></span>
יח והאי נעל להכי הוא דאתא האי מיבעי ליה לכדתניא נעלו אין לי אלא נעלו נעל של כל אדם מנא ליה
18 yet it was taught: [And Aaron shall present the goat upon which the lot fell for the Lord,] and offer him for a sin-offering:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XVI, 9.');"><sup>22</sup></span> the lot renders it a sin-offering, but designation does not render it a sin-offering.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If he merely designates it a sin-offering, without having previously chosen it by lot, it is invalid.');"><sup>23</sup></span>
יט ת"ל נעל נעל ריבה א"כ מה ת"ל נעלו נעלו הראוי לו פרט לגדול שאין יכול להלך בו פרט לקטן שאין חופה את רוב רגלו פרט
19 For I might have thought, Does not [the reverse] follow a minori: if designation sanctifies where lot does not,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. in the case of the two pigeons, one a sin-offering and the other a burnt-offering. brought for the offences enumerated in Lev. V, 1-4. If he designates each for a particular sacrifice, the designation stands and cannot be revoked. But if he casts lots, it is of no avail, and he can then sacrifice each as he wishes.');"><sup>24</sup></span> how much the more would designation satisfy where lot does! Therefore it is said: 'and offer him for a sin-offering,' teaching, the lot renders it a sin-offering, designation does not render it a sin-offering. Thus, it is only because Scripture excluded it [designation]; but otherwise we would infer a minori, notwithstanding that statute is written!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And this shall be a statute for ever unto you; Lev. XVI, 29.');"><sup>25</sup></span> - Scripture saith, '[then he shall write] her [a deed of divorcement]': for 'her', but not for a yebamah. Yet perhaps 'her' teaches that it must be for her sake?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 34. n. 8.');"><sup>26</sup></span> - 'Her' is written twice.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In Deut. XXIV. 1 and 3.');"><sup>27</sup></span> Yet even so they are needed: one 'her' [intimating that it must be] for her sake; and the other 'her' teaching, but not for her and her companion?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If a man has two wives of the same name, he cannot divorce both with the same document, even though it is expressly written for them, v. Git.87a.');"><sup>28</sup></span> - But Scripture saith, '[the house of him that hath a] shoe [loosed]:' only a shoe [can set her free], but nothing else can.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi: because 'shoe' is superfluous, as the verse could have read: 'the house of him that was loosed'.');"><sup>29</sup></span> Does 'shoe' come to teach this? But it is necessary for what was taught: 'And she shall loose his shoe:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XXV, 9.');"><sup>30</sup></span> I know only [that she must loosen] his shoe; whence do I know [that it may be] any man's shoe?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which the yabam is wearing.');"><sup>31</sup></span> From the verse: '[the house of him that hath] the shoe [loosed]:' 'shoe' is an extension.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Shewing that any person's may be used. The E.V. has 'his shoe' here too, but 'his' is not in the original.');"><sup>32</sup></span> 'If so, who state, 'his shoe'? 'His shoe' [intimates that it must fit him, [thus] excluding one [too] large, in which he cannot walk, and one [too] small, which does not cover the greater part of his foot, excluding