Kiddushin 3

מתני׳ <big><strong>האשה</strong></big> נקנית בשלוש דרכים וקונה את עצמה בשתי דרכים נקנית בכסף בשטר ובביאה בכסף בית שמאי אומרים בדינר ובשווה דינר ובית הלל אומרים בפרוטה ובשווה פרוטה וכמה היא פרוטה אחד משמונה באיסר האיטלקי

<big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>A WOMAN IS ACQUIRED [IN MARRIAGE] IN THREE WAYS AND ACQUIRES HER FREEDOM<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'acquires herself.'');">¹</span> IN TWO. SHE IS ACQUIRED BY MONEY, BY DEED, OR BY INTERCOURSE.'

וקונה את עצמה בגט ובמיתת הבעל היבמה נקנית בביאה וקונה את עצמה בחליצה ובמיתת היבם

BY MONEY': BETH SHAMMAI MAINTAIN, A DENAR<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');">²</span> OR THE WORTH OF A DENAR; BETH HILLEL RULE, A PERUTAH OR THE WORTH OF A PERUTAH.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., goods to its value.');">³</span> AND HOW MUCH IS A PERUTAH?

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> האשה נקנית מאי שנא הכא דתני האשה נקנית ומ"ש התם דתני האיש מקדש משום דקא בעי למתני כסף

AN EIGHTH OF AN ITALIAN ISSAR.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. The ordinary issar = 1124th of a denar (denarius) ; the Italian issar = 1116th.');">⁴</span> AND SHE ACQUIRES HER FREEDOM BY DIVORCE OR BY HER HUSBAND'S DEATH. A YEBAMAH<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' v. Glos.');">⁵</span>

וכסף מנא לן גמר קיחה קיחה משדה עפרון כתיב הכא (דברים כב,יג) כי יקח איש אשה וכתיב התם (בראשית כג,יג) נתתי כסף השדה קח ממני

IS ACQUIRED BY INTERCOURSE, AND ACQUIRES HER FREEDOM BY HALIZAH<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');">⁶</span> OR BY THE YABAM'S DEATH.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' v. Glos.');">⁷</span> <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>A WOMAN IS ACQUIRED.

וקיחה איקרי קניין דכתיב השדה אשר קנה אברהם

Why does he [the Tanna] state here, 'A WOMAN IS ACQUIRED,' Whilst elsewhere<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' At the beginning of Chapter II, infra 41a.');">⁸</span> he teaches 'A man may betroth' [etc.]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Thus here too he should have stated: 'A woman is betrothed.' 'Betroth' in this sense, and as it is generally used in the Talmud, is the first stage of marriage. A betrothed woman could not be freed without a divorce, though cohabitation was still forbidden. V. Glos. s.v. erusin. As far as practicable in this translation, 'betrothed' is employed to denote this first stage, and 'marriage' to denote the second (nissu'in) , after which the couple may live together.');">⁹</span> - Because he wishes to state 'MONEY'; and how do we know that money effects betrothal? By deriving the meaning of 'taking' from the field of Ephron:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'taking,' 'taking' is deduced from the field of Ephron. This method of exegesis is designated 'gezerah shawah,' whereby the use of the same word in two passages indicates that their laws or connotations are similar.');">¹⁰</span> Here it is written: If any man take a wife;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XXII, 13.');">¹¹</span> whilst there it is written: I will give thee money for the field: t it of me.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Gen. XXIII, 13. Just as 'take' in the latter verse refers to money, so in the former too: the wife is 'taken,' i.e., betrothed by money.');">¹²</span> Moreover, 'taking' is designated acqui sition, for it is written, the field which Abraham acquired;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Gen. XLIX, 30. The quotation is not exact in the Talmud.');">¹³</span>