Kiddushin 75

Chapter 75

א אקרוב עומר והדר אכול
1 that the 'omer<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. GIos,');"><sup>1</sup></span> was first offered and then they ate. But on the view that ['dwelling' implies] after possession and settling,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that the law of hadash was inoperative when they first entered Palestine.');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ב אלא למ"ד לאחר ירושה וישיבה ניכול לאלתר לא הוו צריכי
2 they could have eaten immediately? - They did not need to, for it is written, and the children of Israel did eat the manna forty years, until they came to a land inhabited; they did eat the manna, until they came unto the borders of the land of Canaan.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XVI, 35. 'Land inhabited' refers to cis-Jordania, not Gilead on the east of the Jordan, though two and a half tribes did settle there.');"><sup>3</sup></span> Now, it is impossible to say [literally], 'until they came unto the land inhabited,' since it is also said: '[until they came] unto the borders of the land of Canaan';<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But not Canaan itself.');"><sup>4</sup></span> conversely, 'unto the borders of the land of Canaan' cannot be understood [literally], since it is also said: 'until they came unto a land inhabited!' How then [are these to be reconciled]?
ג דכתיב (שמות טז, לה) ובני ישראל אכלו את המן ארבעים שנה עד בואם אל ארץ נושבת את המן אכלו עד בואם אל קצה ארץ כנען אי אפשר לומר עד בואם אל ארץ נושבת שכבר נאמר אל קצה ארץ כנען וא"א לומר אל קצה ארץ כנען שהרי כבר נאמר עד בואם אל ארץ נושבת הא כיצד בשבעה באדר מת משה ופסק מן מלירד והיו מסתפקין ממן שבכליהם עד ששה עשר בניסן
3 Moses died on the seventh of Adar and the manna ceased to descend, but they used the manna which was in their vessels until the sixteenth of Nisan.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hence 'until they came to a land inhabited' refers to the actual period of eating it, while it descended only 'until they came to the borders etc.', where Moses died.');"><sup>5</sup></span> Another [Baraitha] taught: 'And the children of Israel did eat the manna forty years'. Did they then eat [it forty years: surely they ate it but forty years less thirty days?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For they came to the wilderness of Sin on the fifteenth of the second month (Ex. XVI, 1) , complained of the lack of food (ibid. 2f.) , and received the manna on the following day (ibid. 6f, 13) . As they ate it until the sixteenth of the first month forty years later, these forty years were short by one month.');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ד תניא אידך ובני ישראל אכלו את המן ארבעים שנה וכי ארבעים שנה אכלו והלא ארבעים שנה חסר שלשים יום אכלו אלא לומר לך עוגות שהוציאו ממצרים טעמו בהם טעם מן
4 But it is to teach you that they experienced the taste of manna in the cakes which they brought forth from Egypt. Another [Baraitha] taught: On the seventh of Adar Moses died, and on the seventh of Adar he was born. How do we know that he died on the seventh of Adar?
ה תניא אידך בשבעה באדר מת משה ובשבעה באדר נולד מנין שבשבעה באדר מת שנאמר (דברים לד, ה) וימת שם משה עבד ה' וכתיב (דברים לד, ח) ויבכו בני ישראל את משה בערבות מואב שלשים יום וכתיב (יהושע א, א) ויהי אחרי מות משה עבד ה' וכתיב (יהושע א, ב) משה עבדי מת ועתה קום עבור
5 For it is written: [i] So Moses the servant of the Lord died there;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XXXIV, 5.');"><sup>7</sup></span> [ii] And the children of Israel wept for Moses in the plains of Moab thirty days;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 8.');"><sup>8</sup></span> [iii] Moses thy servant is dead; now therefore arise, go over [this Jordan];<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Josh. I, 2.');"><sup>9</sup></span>
ו וכתיב (יהושע א, יא) עברו בקרב המחנה וצוו את העם לאמר הכינו לכם צידה כי בעוד שלשת ימים תעברו את הירדן וכתיב (יהושע ד, יט) והעם עלו מן הירדן בעשור לחדש הראשון צא מהן שלשים ושלשה ימים למפרע הא למדת שבשבעה באדר מת משה
6 [iv] Pass through the midst of the camp, and command the people, saying: Prepare you victuals; for within three days ye are to pass over this Jordan;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid, 11. The month of Nisan.');"><sup>10</sup></span> and [v] and the people came up out of Jordan on the tenth day of the first month;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. IV, 19.');"><sup>11</sup></span> deduct<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the 10th Nisan.');"><sup>12</sup></span>
ז ומנין שבשבעה באדר נולד משה שנאמר (דברים לא, ב) ויאמר אליהם בן מאה ועשרים שנה אנכי היום לא אוכל עוד לצאת ולבא שאין ת"ל היום מה ת"ל היום מלמד שהקב"ה יושב וממלא שנותיהם של צדיקים מיום ליום ומחדש לחדש שנאמר (שמות כג, כו) את מספר ימיך אמלא
7 the preceding thirty three days,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' N. ii and iv.');"><sup>13</sup></span> thus you learn that Moses died on the seventh of Adar.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From Adar 7th to Nisan 10th are 33 days.');"><sup>14</sup></span> And how do we know that he was born on the seventh of Adar? - For it is said: And he [Moses] said unto them, I am an hundred and twenty years old this day; I can no more go out and come in.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XXXI, 2.');"><sup>15</sup></span>
ח תניא ר"ש בן יוחי אומר שלש מצות נצטוו ישראל בכניסתן לארץ ונוהגות בין בארץ בין בחוצה לארץ
8 Now, 'this day' need not be stated;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Obviously he gave his age as on that day.');"><sup>16</sup></span> why then is it stated? It teaches that the Holy One, blessed be He, sits and completes the years of the righteous [exactly] from day to day and month to month, as it is said,the number of thy days I will fulfil.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXIII, 26. Hence he was then exactly a hundred and twenty years old, which was the day of his death; consequently he was born on that day too.');"><sup>17</sup></span>
ט והוא הדין שינהגו ומה חדש שאין איסורו איסור עולם ואין איסורו איסור הנאה ויש היתר לאיסורו נוהג בין בארץ בין בח"ל
9 It was taught: R'Simeon B'Yohai said: The Israelites were given three precepts<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hadash, 'orlah and kil'ayim.');"><sup>18</sup></span> on their entry into the Land,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since there was no sowing, planting, or harvesting in the wilderness.');"><sup>19</sup></span> yet they are practised both within and without the Land, and it is logical that they shall be thus binding.
י כלאים שאיסורן איסור עולם ואיסורן איסור הנאה ואין היתר לאיסורן אינו דין שינהגו בין בארץ בין בח"ל והוא הדין לערלה בשתים
10 If hadash, which is not permanently forbidden,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But only up to and including the sixteenth of Nisan, the day on which the 'omer is offered.');"><sup>20</sup></span> nor is [all] benefit thereof prohibited,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though it may not be used for human consumption, it may be given to animals.');"><sup>21</sup></span> and its interdict can be raised,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'permitted'. Even on the sixteenth itself, by the offering of the 'omer.');"><sup>22</sup></span>
יא רבי אלעזר ברבי שמעון אומר
11 is [nevertheless] operative both within and without the Land;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Interpreting dwelling in Lev. XXIII, 14, 'wherever you live'.');"><sup>23</sup></span> then kil'ayim, which are permanently forbidden,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If diverse seeds are sown, their produce is forbidden for all time.');"><sup>24</sup></span> of which [all] benefit is prohibited,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Not only consumption.');"><sup>25</sup></span> and the interdict of which cannot be raised, it surely follows that it has force both within and without the land; and the same logic applies to 'orlah on two [grounds].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The third does not apply, 'orlah not being permanently forbidden.');"><sup>26</sup></span> R'Eleazar son of R'Simeon said: