Kiddushin 76

Chapter 76

א כל מצוה שנצטוו ישראל קודם כניסתן לארץ נוהגת בין בארץ בין בחוצה לארץ לאחר כניסתן לארץ אינה נוהגת אלא בארץ חוץ מן השמטת כספים ושילוח עבדים שאע"פ שנצטוו עליהם לאחר כניסתן לארץ נוהגת בין בארץ בין בחוצה לארץ...
1 All precepts which the Israelites were commanded [to practise] before their entry into the Land<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., which rank as personal duties.');"><sup>1</sup></span> are operative both within and without the Land; after their entry into the Land, are operative only within the Land, except release of money [debts] and liberation of slaves:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The first in the seventh (Deut. XV, 1f) and the second in the jubilee year (Lev. XXV, 10) . (15) This is questioned by the Gemara below.');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ב השמטת כספים חובת הגוף היא
2 though they were commanded concerning these after their entry into the Land,is they are practised both within and without the Land. But the release of debts is a personal duty?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And therefore in force before they entered Palestine (Rashi) .');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ג לא נצרכא אלא לכדתניא דתניא רבי אומר (דברים טו, ב) וזה דבר השמיטה שמוט בשתי שמיטות הכתוב מדבר אחת שמיטת קרקע ואחת שמיטת כספים בזמן שאתה משמט קרקע אתה משמט כספים בזמן שאי אתה משמט קרקע אי אתה משמט כספים
3 - It is necessary [to state it] Only because of what was taught. Rabbi said: And this is the manner of release: release [thou] [every creditor, etc.]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XV, 2.');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ד ואימא במקום שאתה משמט קרקע אתה משמט כספים ובמקום שאין אתה משמט קרקע אין אתה משמט כספים ת"ל (דברים טו, ב) כי קרא שמיטה לה' מכל מקום
4 the Writ speaks of two releases, the release of soil and the release of debt.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deduced from the repetition of the word 'release'.');"><sup>5</sup></span> At the time when you release soil, you release debts; and at the time when you do not release soil, you do not release debts.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By 'release of soil' is meant the return of land at jubilee (Lev. XXV, 10, 23, 28) . Obviously this did not operate in the wilderness, when they had no land, and therefore debt release was inoperative too, though it is a personal obligation.');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ה שילוח עבדים חובת הגוף היא סד"א הואיל וכתיב (ויקרא כה, י) וקראתם דרור בארץ בארץ אין בחוצה לארץ לא תלמוד לומר יובל היא מכל מקום
5 But perhaps it means thus: in the place that you must release soil [sc. Palestine], you must release debts; but in the place where you do not release soil [sc. in the Diaspora], you do not release debts?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even in Temple times.');"><sup>7</sup></span> Therefore it is stated, because the Lord's release hath been proclaimed,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid.');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ו אם כן מה תלמוד לומר בארץ בזמן שהדרור נוהג בארץ נוהג בחוצה לארץ אין דרור נוהג בארץ אינו נוהג בחוצה לארץ
6 teaching, under all circumstances.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This follows from the emphasis suggested by the quotation.');"><sup>9</sup></span> [Again], liberation of slaves is a personal obligation? - I might have thought, since it is written, and ye shall proclaim liberty throughout the land,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXV, 10,');"><sup>10</sup></span>
ז תנן התם החדש אסור מן התורה בכל מקום ערלה הלכה והכלאים מדברי סופרים מאי הלכה אמר רב יהודה אמר שמואל הלכתא מדינה עולא אמר רבי יוחנן הלכה למשה מסיני
7 it holds good only in the Land, but not without; therefore it is stated, it is a jubilee,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid,');"><sup>11</sup></span> implying, under all circumstances.
ח א"ל עולא לרב יהודה בשלמא לדידי דאמינא הלכה למשה מסיני היינו דשני לן בין ספק ערלה לספק כלאים
8 If so, what is taught by 'the land'? - When liberation [of slaves] is in force in the Land, it is in force without; when it is not in force in the Land,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., when there is no Temple.');"><sup>12</sup></span> it is not in force without.
ט דתנן ספק ערלה בארץ אסור בסוריא מותר בחוצה לארץ יורד ולוקח ובלבד שלא יראנו לוקט
9 We learnt elsewhere: Hadash is forbidden by Scriptural law everywhere; [the prohibition of] 'orlah [without palestine] is a halachah, and [that of] kil'ayim is from the words of the Scribes.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 79, n. 7. Biblically the law applies only to Palestine.');"><sup>13</sup></span> What is meant by halachah? - Rab Judah said in Samuel's name: It is a law of the country.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is practised voluntarily in the Diaspora.');"><sup>14</sup></span>
י ואילו גבי כלאים תנן כרם הנטוע ירק וירק נמכר חוצה לו בארץ אסור בסוריא מותר
10 'Ulla said in R'Johanan s name: It is a halachah of Moses from Sinai.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is a compulsory prohibition going back to Moses, handed down by tradition, though not stated in the Bible.');"><sup>15</sup></span> Said 'Ulla to Rab Judah: On my view that it is a halachah of Moses from Sinai,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And so has the force of Biblical Law, v. infra p. 190, n. 11.');"><sup>16</sup></span>
יא בחוצה לארץ יורד ולוקט ובלבד שלא ילקוט ביד
11 it is well; therefore we distinguish between doubtful 'orlah and doubtful kil'ayim. For we learnt: Doubtful 'orlah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Fruit of which it is not known whether it is of the first three years of planting or not.');"><sup>17</sup></span>
יב אלא לדידך
12 is forbidden in the Land, permitted in Syria,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Syria was not originally part of Palestine but conquered by David (I Chron. XIX, 18f) ; and it is disputed whether David's conquest');"><sup>18</sup></span> whilst outside the Land one may enter [a Genthe's field] and make a purchase,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of fruit, even if he knows that the Gentile sells 'orlah.');"><sup>19</sup></span> providing, however, that he does not see him [the Gentile] gather ['orlah].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Of fruit which may be doubtful 'orlah.]');"><sup>20</sup></span> Whereas in respect to kil'ayim we learnt: If a vineyard is planted with vegetables,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Between the vines, which renders both forbidden as kil 'ayim of the vineyard.');"><sup>21</sup></span> and vegetables are sold outside it:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And there is a reasonable fear that they may be from the vineyard.');"><sup>22</sup></span> in the Land they are forbidden; in Syria, permitted; in the Diaspora he [the Gentile owner of the vineyard] may enter and gather them,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And sell to a Jew.');"><sup>23</sup></span> providing, however, that he [the Jew] does not personally<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'with his hand'.');"><sup>24</sup></span> gather [them]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Comparing these two, we see that 'orlah is treated more stringently than kil 'ayim.');"><sup>25</sup></span> But on your view,