Kiddushin 91

Chapter 91

א נראין דברי תלמיד אמר רבא מאי טעמא דרב הונא הואיל ונעשה בה מעשה יתומה בחיי האב
1 [Hence] the disciple's view<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The opinion of R. Jeremiah b. Abba, R. Huna's disciple.');"><sup>1</sup></span> is preferable. Raba said: What is R'Huna's reason?
ב איתמר קטנה שנתקדשה שלא לדעת אביה אמר רב בין היא ובין אביה יכולין לעכב ורב אסי אמר אביה ולא היא איתיביה רב הונא לרב אסי ואמרי לה חייא בר רב לרב אסי (שמות כב, טז) אם מאן ימאן אביה אין לי אלא אביה היא עצמה מנין ת"ל אם מאן ימאן מ"מ
2 Because she was treated as an orphan during her father's lifetime.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since her father saw her becoming betrothed and married, and did not protest, he must either have renounced his authority over her or tacitly consented, for otherwise he would not have maintained silence so long.');"><sup>2</sup></span> It was stated: If a minor became betrothed without her father's knowledge: Rab said: Both she and her father can repudiate [it]. R'Assi said: Her father, but not she herself.
ג אמר להו רב לא תיזלו בתר איפכא יכול לשנויי לכו כגון שפיתה שלא לשום אישות פיתה שלא לשום אישות קרא בעי אמר ר"נ בר יצחק לומר שמשלם קנס כמפותה
3 R'Huna - others state, Hiyya B'Rab-raised an objection to R'Assi: [If a man entice a virgin. she shall surely. be his wife].
ד א"ל רב יוסף אי הכי היינו דתנינא (שמות כב, טו) מהר ימהרנה לו לאשה שצריכה הימנו קידושין ואם פיתה לשום אישות קידושין למה לי א"ל אביי צריכה קידושין לדעת אביה
4 If her utterly refuse [to give her unto him]:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXII, 15f.');"><sup>3</sup></span> I only know that her father [can refuse]: how do I know [it of] herself? Because it is stated: 'If he utterly refuse', [implying] in all cases!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'Utterly' is expressed in Heb. by the doubling of the verb, and indicates extension. The objection assumes that he enticed her for the purpose of kiddushin, since intercourse itself may be such (supra 2a) .');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ה <big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> האומר לאשה התקדשי לי בתמרה זו התקדשי לי בזו אם יש באחת מהן שוה פרוטה מקודשת ואם לאו אינה מקודשת בזו ובזו ובזו אם יש שוה פרוטה בכולן מקודשת ואם לאו אינה מקודשת היתה אוכלת ראשונה ראשונה אינה מקודשת עד שיהא באחת מהן שוה פרוטה
5 - Said Rab to them '[the scholars before whom the objection was raised]: Be not misguided!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'go not after the reverse' (of what is right) .');"><sup>5</sup></span> He can answer you that [we] suppose he did not entice her for the purpose of marriage. If he did not entice her with marital intent, is then a verse necessary!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That her father or she herself can refuse to marry him - surely that is obvious.');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ו <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> מאן תנא התקדשי התקדשי אמר רבה ר"ש היא דאמר עד שיאמר שבועה לכל אחד ואחד
6 - Said R'Nahman B'Isaac: It is to teach that he [her seducer] must pay the fine as for an enticed maiden.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even if she herself refuses him.');"><sup>7</sup></span> R'Joseph said to him: That being so,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That the verse refers to enticement without marital intent.');"><sup>8</sup></span> it was consequently taught: He shall surely pay a dowry for her to be his wife:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid.');"><sup>9</sup></span>
ז בזו ובזו ובזו אם יש בכולן ש"פ כו' אהייא אילימא ארישא מאי איריא אוכלת אפי' מנחת נמי דהא התקדשי לי בזו קאמר אלא אסיפא
7 [this means] that she needs kiddushin from him. But had he seduced her with marital intent, why is kiddushin required?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That itself was betrothal.');"><sup>10</sup></span> - Said Abaye: [This does not follow:] She may need kiddushin with her father's knowledge.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even if her enticement had been for the same purpose.');"><sup>11</sup></span>
ח ואפילו בקמייתא והא מלוה היא אמר רבי יוחנן הרי שלחן והרי בשר והרי סכין ואין לנו לאכול
8 <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>HE WHO SAYS TO A WOMAN, 'BE THOU BETROTHED UNTO ME WITH THIS DATE, BE THOU BETROTHED UNTO ME WITH THIS ONE' - IF ANY ONE OF THEM IS WORTH A PERUTAH, SHE IS BETROTHED; IF NOT, SHE IS NOT BETROTHED, [IF HE SAYS,] 'WITH THIS AND WITH THIS AND WITH THIS ONE' - AND THEY ARE ALL TOGETHER WORTH A PERUTAH, SHE IS BETROTHED; IF NOT, SHE IS NOT BETROTHED. IF SHE EATS THEM ONE BY ONE, SHE IS NOT BETROTHED UNLESS ONE OF THEM IS WORTH A PERUTAH.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The meaning of this is discussed in the GEMARA:');"><sup>12</sup></span> <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>Which Tanna taught: 'BE THOU BETROTHED, BE THOU BETROTHED'? - Said Rabbah: R'Simeon, who maintained, Unless he declares ['I take] an oath' to each one separately.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra ');"><sup>13</sup></span>
ט רב ושמואל אמרי תרוייהו לעולם ארישא ולא מיבעיא קאמר לא מיבעיא מנחת דאי איכא שוה פרוטה אין אי לא לא אבל אוכלת הואיל ומיקרבא הנייתה אימא גמרה ומקניא נפשה קמ"ל
9 WITH THIS AND WITH THIS AND WITH THIS ONE [- AND THEY ARE ALL TOGETHER WORTH A PERUTAH, SHE IS BETROTHED; IF NOT, SHE IS NOT BETROTHED. IF SHE EATS THEM ONE BY ONE, SHE IS NOT BETROTHED UNLESS ONE OF THEM IS WORTH A PERUTAH]. To what does this refer?
י רבי אמי אמר לעולם אסיפא ומאי עד שיהא באחת מהן שוה פרוטה עד שיהא באחרונה שוה פרוטה
10 Shall we say, to the first clause - why particularly if she eats them; even if she lays them down it is also thus, since he says: 'BE THOU BETROTHED UNTO ME WITH THIS ONE'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that each statement is separate; v, p. 221, n. 1.');"><sup>14</sup></span> But if to the second clause - [and that] even [if there is a perutah's worth] in the first [only]? But it is a debt!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If he says: 'Be thou betrothed unto me with this one and this one, etc.,' and she eats them one by one, his statement must be considered as a whole. Now, as soon as she eats one she cannot be betrothed by it, since his statement was as yet incomplete, and it becomes a debt, which cannot effect kiddushin.');"><sup>15</sup></span>
יא אמר רבא שמע מינה מדרבי אמי תלת שמע מינה המקדש במלוה אינה מקודשת ושמע מינה המקדש במלוה ופרוטה דעתה אפרוטה
11 - Said R'Johanan: Behold a table, meat and knife, yet we have no mouth to eat!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Mishnah stands before us, but it is inexplicable.');"><sup>16</sup></span> Rab and Samuel said: After all, it refers to the firs clause, but it teaches what is most noteworthy.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'it states it is unnecessary (to teach this, but even this) .');"><sup>17</sup></span> [Thus:] It is unnecessary to teach that if she lays them down she is [betrothed] only if [one] is worth a perutah, and not otherwise. But if she eats them, I might argue that since her benefit is immediate, she resolves to cede herself [even for less than a perutah]. Hence we are informed [otherwise]. R'Ammi said: After all, it applies to the second clause; and what is meant by, UNLESS ONE OF THEM IS WORTH A PERUTAH? Unless the last is worth a perutah. Said Raba: From R'Ammi's [explanation] three [corol - laries] may be inferred; [i] If one betroths with a debt, she is not betrothed;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Otherwise there is no need to particularise the last.');"><sup>18</sup></span> [ii] If one betroths [a woman] with a debt and a perutah [i.e., cash], her mind is set upon the perutah,'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For here he betroths her with all the dates. But those she has eaten are a debt, as explained above, whilst the last, worth a perutah, is the coin actually given. Since the betrothal is valid, we must assume that she regards the last only, for if she regarded the debt and wished to be betrothed thereby, she could not.');"><sup>19</sup></span>