Kiddushin 94

Chapter 94

א הרי היא כפקדון עד כאן לא פליגי אלא דמר סבר מלוה אע"ג דלא נשתייר הימנה שוה פרוטה ומר סבר נשתייר הימנה שוה פרוטה אין ואי לא נשתייר הימנה שוה פרוטה לא אבל דכולי עלמא מקדש במלוה מקודשת
1 is the same as a deposit. Now, they differ only in so far as one Master holds that a debt, even if a perutah's worth thereof is not left [is valid kiddushin], whereas the other holds it is [valid] only if a perutah's worth thereof is left, but not otherwise: but all agree that if one betroths [a woman] with a debt [the money being still in her possession], she is betrothed! - Said Raba: Is it logical that this [Baraitha] is correct;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'to be accepted.'');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ב אמר (ליה) רבא ותסברא הא מתרצתא הא משבשתא היא
2 surely it is corrupt! [For] what are the circumstances of this deposit? If she guaranteed against loss,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To pay for any mishap.');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ג האי פקדון היכי דמי אי דקביל עליה אחריות היינו מלוה אי דלא קביל עליה אחריות אי הכי אדתני סיפא ובמלוה אע"פ שלא נשתייר הימנה שוה פרוטה מקודשת ניפלוג וניתני בדידה במה דברים אמורים שלא קבלה עליה אחריות אבל קבלה עליה אחריות אע"ג דלא נשתייר הימנה שוה פרוטה מקודשת
3 it is identical with loan.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If lost or stolen, since it must be made good, just like a debt.');"><sup>3</sup></span> If she did not guarantee against loss - if so, instead of the second clause teaching, 'but in the case of debt, even if a perutah's worth thereof is not left, she is betrothed' - let a distinction be made and taught in the case [of deposit] itself: when is that?
ד אלא תריץ הכי ובמלוה אע"פ שנשתייר הימנה שוה פרוטה אינה מקודשת
4 Only if she did not guarantee against loss; but if she did, even if perutah's worth thereof is not left, she is betrothed. But amend it thus: in the case of debt, even if a perutah worth thereof is left, she is not betrothed.
ה ר' שמעון בן אלעזר אומר משום ר"מ מלוה הרי היא כפקדון במאי קמיפלגי אמר רבה אשכחתינהו לרבנן בבי רב דיתבי וקאמרי במלוה ברשות בעלים לחזרה והוא הדין לאונסין קמיפלגי
5 R'Simeon B'Eleazar said on R'Meir's authority: Debt is as a deposit. Wherein do they differ? - Said Rabbah: I found the Rabbis at the schoolhouse sitting and explaining.
ו דמר סבר מלוה ברשות לוה קיימא והוא הדין לאונסים ומר סבר מלוה ברשות בעלים קיימא והוא הדין לאונסים
6 They differ as to whether a loan vests in its owner [sc. the creditor] in respect of return, and likewise in respect of unpreventable accidents: one Master holds that a loan vests in the debtor, and likewise in respect of unpreventable accidents; and the other holds that it vests in the creditor, and even so in respect of unpreventable accidents.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' All agree that a loan is given for expenditure: consequently, had she expended anything at all thereof, the betrothal is not valid. But here she had expended nothing of it: R. Simeon b. Eleazar holds that in such a case it vests in the creditor, and he can immediately demand its return, if he desires. Hence it is now that he gives it to the woman, and so she is betrothed. Likewise, should an unpreventable accident befall the money, the debtor is not responsible, since it is accounted as being in the creditor's possession. The first Tanna's view is the reverse.');"><sup>4</sup></span> But I told them , As for unpreventable accidents, all agree that it vests in the debtor.
ז ואמינא להו לאונסים כולי עלמא לא פליגי דברשות לוה קיימי מאי טעמא לא גרעא משאלה מה שאלה דהדרה בעינא חייב באונסים מלוה לא כל שכן אלא הכא מלוה ברשות בעלים לחזרה איכא בינייהו
7 What is the reason? It is no worse than a loaned article:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'Milweh' applies to a monetary loan; 'She'elah', to the loan of an article.');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ח ואלא הא דאמר רב הונא השואל קורדום מחבירו ביקע בו קנאו לא ביקע בו לא קנאו לימא כתנאי אמרה לשמעתיה
8 if for a loaned article, which is returnable a it is, one is liable in respect of unpreventable accidents, how much more so for a debt!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is certainly more in the debtor's possession, seeing that he is not bound to return the same coins.');"><sup>6</sup></span> But here they [merely] differ as to whether a loan vests in its owner in respect of return.
ט לא עד כאן לא פליגי אלא במלוה דלא הדרה בעינא אבל בשאלה דהדרה בעינא דברי הכל ביקע בו אין לא ביקע בו לא קנאו
9 If so, when R'Huna said: If one borrows an axe from his neighbour, if he clave [wood] therewith, he acquires it;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the sense that it belongs to him for the period of the loan, and the lender cannot retract.');"><sup>7</sup></span> if not, he does not acquire it - shall we say that he gave his ruling as dependent upon [a dispute of] Tannaim?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., that it agrees only with R. Meir. But according to the first Tanna, since an untouched loan does not stand in the creditor's possession and he cannot demand its return, the same applies here even if he did not cleave wood with it.');"><sup>8</sup></span>
י נימא כתנאי התקדשי לי בשטר חוב או שהיה לו מלוה ביד אחרים והירשה עליהם ר"מ אומר מקודשת וחכ"א אינה מקודשת האי שטר חוב היכי דמי אילימא שטר חוב דאחרים היינו מלוה ביד אחרים אלא לאו שטר חוב דידה ובמקדש במלוה קמיפלגי
10 - No. They differ only in respect of a [monetary] loan, which is not returnable as it is; but with the loan of an article which is returnable as it is, all agree [on the prin - ciple] 'if he clave therewith he indeed [acquires it,] but if he did not cleave therewith he does not acquire it'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Other coins may be substituted, but as for a loaned article, which must be returned itself, all agree that only if he clave therewith does he acquire, and not otherwise.');"><sup>9</sup></span>
יא לעולם שטר חוב דאחרים והכא במלוה בשטר ובמלוה על פה קא מיפלגי
11 Shall we say that this [Rab's dictum] is disputed by Tannaim? [For it was taught: If a man says to a woman:] 'Be thou betrothed unto me with a note of debt,' or if he has a loan in the hands of others<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., he is a creditor.');"><sup>10</sup></span>
יב במלוה בשטר במאי פליגי בפלוגתא דרבי ורבנן קמיפלגי דתניא אותיות נקנות במסירה דברי רבי וחכ"א בין שכתב ולא מסר בין שמסר ולא כתב לא קנה עד שיכתוב וימסור
12 and transfers it to her,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'gave her (written) authority over them' to collect the debt for herself.');"><sup>11</sup></span> R'Meir said: She is betrothed; the Sages ruled: She is not betrothed.
יג מר אית ליה דרבי ומר לית ליה דרבי
13 Now, how is this 'note of debt' meant? Shall we say, a note of debt against others; then it is identical with 'a loan in the hand of others? ' Hence it must surely mean a note against her debt,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., against a debt she owes to him.');"><sup>12</sup></span>
יד ואיבעית אימא דכ"ע לית להו דרבי והכא בדרב פפא קמיפלגי דאמר רב פפא האי מאן דזבין שטרא לחבריה צריך למיכתב ליה קני לך הוא וכל שעבודיה מר אית ליה דרב פפא ומר לית ליה דרב פפא
14 and thus they differ in respect to betrothing [a woman] by a debt! - After all, it means a note of debt against others, and here they differ both on a debt contracted with a bond and a debt contracted verbally.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The latter being 'a loan in the hands of others'.');"><sup>13</sup></span> Concerning a debt contracted with a bond, wherein do they differ?
טו ואיבעית אימא דכולי עלמא אית להו דרב פפא והכא בדשמואל קמיפלגי דאמר שמואל
15 In the dispute of Rabbi and the Rabbis. For it was taught: A note<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'letters'.');"><sup>14</sup></span> is acquired by delivery; this is Rabbi's view.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If A delivers his note against B to C, C acquires it forthwith.');"><sup>15</sup></span> But the Sages say: Whether he writes [a bill of sale] without delivering [the note itsel or whether he delivers it without writing [a bill of sale], he does not acquire it unless he both indites [a bil of sale] and delivers [the original note]. One Master agrees with Rabbi; the other does not agree with Rabbi.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The circumstances being that he gave her the note, but did not write a bill of sale hereon.');"><sup>16</sup></span> Alternatively, none accept Rabbi's view, while here they differ in R'Papa's [dictum]. For R'Papa said: When one sells a note to his neighbour he must write for him [in the conveyance]: 'Acquire it together with all its obligations': one Master agrees with R'Papa; the other does not agree with R'Papa.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The circumstances being that he gave her the original note and wrote a bill of sale, but did not include this 'obligation' clause in it.');"><sup>17</sup></span> Alternatively, all agree with R'Papa. But here they differ over Samuel's dictum. For Samuel said: