Menachot 130
ואם משה רבינו אוהב ישראל היה למה איחרן במדבר ארבעים שנה אמר לו רבי בכך אתה פוטרני אמר לו שוטה ולא תהא תורה שלמה שלנו כשיחה בטילה שלכם
<br> If Moses was a great lover of Israel, why then did he detain them in the wilderness for forty years'? 'Master', said the other, 'is it thus that you would dismiss me'? 'Fool', he answered, 'should not our perfect Torah be as convincing as your idle talk! Now one verse says. Ye shall number fifty days. while the other verse says, Seven weeks shall there be complete. How are they to be reconciled? The latter verse refers to the time when the [first day of the] Festival [of Passover] falls on the Sabbath, while the former to the time when the [first day of the] Festival falls on a weekday. (Mnemonic: R. Eliezer 'numbers'; R. Joshua 'counts'; R. Ishmael 'from the 'Omer'; R. Judah 'below'.) R. Eliezer says, This is not necessary, for Scripture says, Thou shalt number unto thee, that is, the numbering depends upon the [decision of the] Beth din; accordingly the Sabbath of the creation cannot be intended, as the numbering would then be in the hands of all men. R. Joshua says. The Torah says. Count days and sanctify the new moon, count days and sanctify the Feast of Weeks. Just as in regard to the new moon there is something distinctive at the commencement [of the counting], so with the Feast of Weeks there is something distinctive at the commencement [of the counting]. <br>
כתוב אחד אומר (ויקרא כג, טז) תספרו חמשים יום וכתוב אחד אומר (ויקרא כג, טו) שבע שבתות תמימות תהיינה
R. Ishmael says. The Torah says. Bring the 'Omer-offering on the Passover, and the Two Loaves on the Feast of Weeks. Just as the latter are offered on the Festival, and indeed at the beginning of the Festival, so the former, too. Is offered on the Festival, and indeed at the beginning of the Festival. R. Judah b. Bathyra says. There is written 'Sabbath' below and also 'Sabbath' above; just as in the former case the Festival, and indeed the beginning of the Festival, is near [to the Sabbath]. so in the latter case, too, the Festival, and indeed the beginning of the Festival, is near [to the 'Omer]. <br>
הא כיצד כאן ביום טוב שחל להיות בשבת כאן ביו"ט שחל להיות באמצע שבת
Our Rabbis taught: And ye shall count unto you. that is, the counting is a duty upon every one. On the morrow after the Sabbath, that is, on the morrow after the Festival. Perhaps it is not so but rather on the morrow after the Sabbath of Creation. R. Jose b. Judah says, Scripture says, Ye shall number fifty days, that is, every time that you number it shall not be more than fifty days. But should you say that the verse refers to the morrow after the Sabbath of Creation, then it might sometimes come to fifty-one and sometimes to fifty-two and fifty-three and fifty-four and fifty-five and fifty-six. R. Judah b. Bathyra says. This is not necessary.<br>