Menachot 151

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> כל המנחות טעונות שלש מאות שיפה וחמש מאות בעיטה שיפה ובעיטה בחיטין ור' יוסי אומר בבצק כל המנחות באות עשר עשר חוץ מלחם הפנים וחביתי כהן גדול שהם באות שתים עשרה דברי רבי יהודה רבי מאיר אומר כולם באות שתים עשרה חוץ מחלות תודה ונזירות שהן באות עשר עשר:

<big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>ALL MEAL-OFFERINGS REQUIRE TO BE RUBBED<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The grains of wheat must be rubbed with the hand in order that the husk be the more easily removed.');">¹</span> THREE HUNDRED TIMES AND BEATEN<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Beating down with the fist (others: with the foot) on the grains.');">²</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> תנא שף אחת בועט שתים שף שתים בועט שלש בעי רבי ירמיה אמטויי ואתויי חד או דלמא אמטויי ואתויי תרי מאי תיקו:

FIVE HUNDRED TIMES. THE RUBBING AND THE BEATING APPLY TO THE GRAINS OF WHEAT.

שיפה ובעיטה בחיטין רבי יוסי אומר בבצק: איבעיא להו בבצק ולא בחיטין או דלמא אף בבצק תא שמע דתניא שיפה ובעיטה בחיטין רבי יוסי אומר שיפה ובעיטה בבצק:

R'JOSE SAYS, TO THE DOUGH.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., in the preparation of the dough it was necessary to rub it three hundred times and beat it five hundred times.');">³</span> ALL MEAL-OFFERINGS CONSIST<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' l.e., shall be made up and baked into ten cakes.');">⁴</span>

כל המנחות באות כו' שתים עשרה: לחם הפנים בהדיא כתיב ביה

OF TEN CAKES EACH, EXCEPTING THE SHEWBREAD AND THE GRIDDLE-CAKES OF THE HIGH PRIEST, WHICH CONSIST OF TWELVE CAKES EACH. SO R'JUDAH.

חביתי כהן גדול אתיא חוקה חוקה מלחם הפנים

BUT R'MEIR SAYS, THEY ALL CONSIST OF TWELVE CAKES EACH, EXCEPTING THE CAKES OF THE THANK-OFFERING AND OF THE NAZIRITE-OFFERING, WHICH CONSIST OF TEN CAKES EACH. <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>A Tanna taught: He must rub once and beat twice, then rub twice and beat thrice.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This process must be repeated one hundred times, thus there will have been three hundred rubbings and five hundred beatings.');">⁵</span>

כל המנחות דבאות עשר עשר מנלן גמר מלחמי תודה מה להלן עשר אף כאן עשר ולילף מלחם הפנים מה להלן שתים עשרה אף כאן שתים עשרה

R'Jeremiah enquired, Is the [moving of the hand] to and fro counted as one [rubbing] or as two [rubbings]? - This is undecided. THE RUBBING AND THE BEATING APPLY TO THE GRAINS OF WHEAT.

מסתברא מלחמי תודה הוה ליה למילף שכן יחיד המתנדב שמן נפסל שלא בשבת ושלא בטומאה

R'JOSE SAYS, TO THE DOUGH. The question was asked: Does [R'Jose] mean to the dough and not to the grains of wheat; or does he mean to the dough too? -Come and hear, for it was taught: The rubbing and the beating apply to the grains of wheat.

אדרבה מלחם הפנים הוה ליה למילף שכן הקדש ולבונה מצה ועצם

R'Jose says, The rubbing and the beating apply to the dough.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And not to the wheat. A variant reading in R. Jose is: The rubbing applies to the grains of wheat and the beating to the dough. So Bah. V. Maim. Com. on MISHNAH:');">⁶</span> ALL MEAL-OFFERINGS CONSIST OF TEN CAKES EACH, [EXCEPTING THE SHEWBREAD AND THE GRIDDLE-CAKES OF THE HIGH PRIEST], WHICH CONSIST OF TWELVE CAKES EACH.

הנך נפישן

With regard to the Shewbread this is expressly stated.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That there must be twelve cakes; v. Lev. XXIV,5.');">⁷</span> With regard to the griddle-cakes of the High Priest this is inferred by the occurrence of the word 'statute' both here and in connection with the Shewbread.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. ibid. 9 and VI, 15.');">⁸</span>

ואי סבירא לן דבר הלמד בגזירה שוה חוזר ומלמד בבנין אב נילף מחביתי כהן גדול מה להלן שתים עשרה אף כאן שתים עשרה

But whence do we know that all other meal-offerings must consist of ten cakes each? - By inference from the cakes of the thank-offering: as these consist of ten cakes,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra beginning of chap. VIII, p. 458.');">⁹</span> so [all meal-offerings] must consist of ten cakes.

מסתברא מלחמי תודה הוה ליה למילף שכן הדיוט שהתנדב חצאין

Perhaps the inference should be drawn from the Shewbread: as this consists of twelve cakes, so [all meal-offerings] must consist of twelve cakes! - It is more reasonable to draw the inference from the cakes of the thank-offering since they<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. all other meal-offerings.');">¹⁰</span> [like the cakes of the thank-offering] are the offerings of an individual, are freewill-offerings, require oil, are rendered invalid if left overnight, and may not be offered on the Sabbath or in uncleanness.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whereas the Shewbread is an obligatory offering of the community and therefore it overrides the laws of the Sabbath and of uncleanness, does not require oil, and is left on the table in the Temple the whole week.');">¹¹</span>

לפיגול שלא בשבת ושלא בטומאה

On the contrary, it is more reasonable to draw the inference from the Shewbread for they [like the Shewbread] are most holy, require frankincense, consist entirely of unleavened cakes, and are brought on their own account!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whereas the cakes of the thank-offering belong to the less holy offerings and are not brought as an offering by themselves but as accompanying the animal-offering. They do not have any frankincense, and some of the cakes are leavened.');">¹²</span> -Those<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The points of resemblance between the other meal-offerings and the cakes of the thank-offering.');">¹³</span>

אדרבה מחביתי כוהן גדול הוי ליה למילף שכן עשרון כלי הקדש ולבונה

are more in number. But if we hold the view that what is derived by a gezerah shawah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');">¹⁴</span>

מצה ועצם הגשה ואישים והני נפישן

may be set up as a basis for further inference,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Heb. Binyan Ab ('creation of a class') , an inference by analogy from a case explicitly stated in the Bible for all similar cases not specified in detail.');">¹⁵</span> should we not then draw the inference from the griddle-cakes of the High Priest; just as these consist of twelve cakes<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This was arrived at by the gezerah shawah on the strength of the common expression 'statute' used of the Shewbread and of the griddle-cakes of the High Priest.');">¹⁶</span>

הדיוט מהדיוט עדיף ליה

so [all meal-offerings] must consist of twelve cakes? - It is more reasonable to draw the inference from the cakes of the thank-offering for they<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. all other meal-offerings.');">¹⁷</span> [like the cakes of the thank-offering] are th offerings of ordinary persons, are freewill-offerings, are not offered by halves, are subject to the law of piggul, and may not be offered on the Sabbath or in uncleanness.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whereas the griddle-cakes are the offering of the High Priest, brought as an obligation, and therefore override the Sabbath and uncleanness; they are offered half in the morning and half in the evening, and are not subject to the law of piggul (v. Glos.) .');">¹⁸</span>

רבי מאיר אומר כולן באות שתים עשרה מאי קסבר אי סבירא ליה דדבר הלמד בגזירה שוה חוזר ומלמד בבנין אב יליף מחביתי דכהן גדול דהני נפישן

On the contrary, it is more reasonable to draw the inference from the griddle-cakes of the High Priest for they [like the griddle-cakes of the High Priest] consist of one tenth, are hallowed by a vessel, are most holy, require frankincense, consist entirely of unleavened cakes, are brought on their own account, require bringing near, and are offered [in part] on the altar fire;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whereas the cakes of the thank-offering consist of many tenths of flour, they are hallowed only by the slaughtering of the animal sacrifice on whose account these cakes are brought, they do not require frankincense, a proportion of them is leavened, they do not require to be brought near to the altar, and no part thereof is offered upon the altar fire.');">¹⁹</span> moreover these<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the points of resemblance between the other meal-offerings and the griddle-cakes of the High Priest.');">²⁰</span>

אי סבירא ליה דדבר הלמד בגזירה שוה אינו חוזר ומלמד בבנין אב יליף מלחם הפנים הקדש מהקדש עדיף ליה:

are more in number! - It is preferable to infer an offering of ordinary persons from an offering of ordinary persons.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., other meal-offerings from the cakes of the thank-offering, rather than from the High Priest's meal-offering.');">²¹</span> R'MEIR SAYS,THEY ALL CONSIST OF TWELVE CAKES EACH.

חוץ מלחמי תודה ונזירות שהן באות עשר עשר: לחמי תודה בהדיא כתיב בהו

If he holds the view that what is derived by a gezerah shawah may be set up as a basis for further inference, then he infers [other meal-offerings]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That they shall consist of twelve cakes.');">²²</span> from the griddle-cakes of the High Priest, for these<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra n. 5.');">²³</span>

נזירות דאמר מר שלמיו לרבות שלמי נזיר

are more in number. And if he holds the view that what is derived by a gezerah shawah may not be set up as a basis for further inference, then he infers [other meal-offerings] from the Shewbread, for he prefers to infer the [most] holy from the [most] holy.

אמר רב טובי בר קיסנא אמר שמואל לחמי תודה שאפאן ארבע חלות יצא והא בעינן ארבעים למצוה

EXCEPTING THE CAKES OF THE THANK-OFFERING AND OF THE NAZIRITE-OFFERING, WHICH CONSIST OF TEN CAKES EACH. With regard to the cakes of the thank-offering this is expressly stated;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That these must consist of ten cakes of each kind; v. infra 77b.');">²⁴</span>

והא בעי אפרושי תרומה מינייהו וכי תימא דמפריש מכל חדא וחדא אחד אמר רחמנא שלא יטול פרוס דאפרשינהו בלישה

and with regard to the cakes of the Nazirite-offering [this is so] because the Master has said, 'His peace-offerings'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. VII, 13, stated with reference to the thank-offering.');">²⁵</span> includes the peace-offerings of the Nazirite.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Therefore like the thank-offering the cakes of the Nazirite-offering must consist of ten cakes; v. infra 78a.');">²⁶</span>

מיתיבי כל המנחות שריבה במדת חלתן או שמיעט במדת חלתן כשרות חוץ מלחם הפנים וחביתי כוהן גדול ולחמי תודה ונזירות הוא

R'Tobi B'Kisna said in the name of Samuel, If for the cakes of the thank-offering one baked only four cakes [instead of forty],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He baked only one cake of each of the four kinds prescribed (unleavened cakes, wafers, soaked cakes, and leavened cakes) instead of ten of each kind.');">²⁷</span> it is sufficient. But are not forty necessary? - That is only as a meritorius act. Bu terumah has to be taken therefrom?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From each set of ten cakes one cake was to be given to the priest as terumah.');">²⁸</span> And should you say that a piece is taken from each cake as terumah, but the Divine Law expressly says 'One',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. VII, 14.');">²⁹</span> [meaning] that he may not take what is broken!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra 77b.');">³⁰</span> - [The terumah] was taken therefrom during the kneading.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' During the kneading of each kind a portion was taken as terumah and baked into a whole cake.');">³¹</span> An objection was raised: All meal-offerings which were made into too many or too few cakes are valid, excepting the Shewbread, the griddle-cakes of the High Priest, the cakes of the thank-offering and of the Nazirite-offering! - He